Table of Contents
Foreword to the English edition v
1 Two conflicting directions in modern natural science 1
1.1 The replacement of matter by geometry and world formulas 2
1.2 The discovery of a new structural level of matter at the beginning of the 20th century 3
1.3 Paradoxical contradictions between microphysics and big-bang cosmology 5
1.4 The anthropic principle: from superstrings to creationism 6
1.5 The penetration of the positivist world view into physics 7
1.6 Popper's attack on the inductive method 9
1.7 Idealistic rejection of laws of development 10
1.8 About the character of natural laws 11
1.9 Development from within through self-organization 12
1.10 Why a new dialectic concept of the æther is necessary 13
1.11 Dialectics of self-organization of matter 15
2 Self-organization in many-particle systems 17
2.1 The mode of existence of atoms in phases 18
2.2 Structure formation close to equilibrium: domains, topological defects, and structures 26
2.3 Self-organization in transformation and transport processes 33
2.4 Structure of atoms and their bond 41
2.5 Phases and their "Zoo of Excitations" 46
3 Quantum gases and liquids 51
3.1 Superfluidity 51
3.2 Fermi gases and liquids 59
3.3 Superconductivity of electrons 67
3.4 Superfluids with spin - Helium-3 75
4 Matter waves and quanta as expression of the effect of deeper structural levels of matter 83
4.1 The filled "vacuum": zero-point fields 84
4.2 The dialectical unity of matter wave and particles 89
4.3 Quantum entanglement: common matter waves 99
4.4 Stability of the electron shell of atoms 103
4.5 Dirac sea, quantum fields, and infinities 108
4.6 Matter waves as organizational states of the zero-point field 118
5 The influence of deeper structural levels of matter on motion and gravity 125
5.1 Movement at high speeds 126
5.2 The special theory of relativity 134
5.3 Accelerated motion, inertia, and gravity 138
5.4 The general theory of relativity 143
5.5 On the origin of inertia and gravity in the quantum æther 149
6 Self-organization in the microcosm: the zoo of the "elementary particles" 157
6.1 The discovery of the "zoo of elementary particles" 158
6.2 The Standard Model and its limits 163
6.3 Structure formation by partial shielding of charges 168
6.4 The electroweak phase transition in the quantum æther 172
6.5 The search for the unity of the forces of nature 177
6.6 Self-organization of "elementary particles" in the quantum æther 183
7 Dialectics of the evolutionary processes in the microcosm and macrocosm 192
7.1 Evolution of stars and chemical elements 193
7.2 Evolutionary processes of galaxies 203
7.3 Nuclei of Active Galaxies 210
7.4 Fermiogenesis in active galactic nuclei 220
7.5 The Structure Level of the Galactic Superclusters 229
7.6 Red-shift and microwave background 234
7.7 Self-organization versus fine-tuning 238
8 Self-organized development of matter systems in the cosmos 243
8.1 Development from within through self-organization 244
8.2 Formation of systems, stability, and instability 245
8.3 The formation of laws of motion and nature 246
8.4 Instabilities of systems at phase transitions 248
8.5 Phase interfaces - development of metamorphosis and complexity 249
8.6 The formation of topological structures by partial shielding of macroscopic fields 250
8.7 Stationary states and cyclic processes 252
8.8 Transitions between stationary states 254
8.9 Infinity of evolutionary processes in a system of structural levels 255
8.10 Galaxy supercluster: agglomeration or self-organization? 256
8.11 How does the cosmos develop to a vast size? 257
8.12 Fine tuning of the natural constants: Big Bang with "intelligent design" 258
8.13 Self-organization versus heat death 260
8.14 Controversies about the entropy of gravitating systems 261
8.15 Nonequilibrium and evolution are the determining factor 262
9 Mathematical appendix 265
9.1 General properties of topological structures 265
9.2 Topological structures in quantum fluids 265
9.3 Causes of matter waves and inertial mass with uniform and accelerated motion 268
9.4 Shielding lengths and masses of the exchange quanta 269
9.5 Theory of partially shielded gravity 272
9.6 Hubble law and interpretation using the theory of partially shielded gravity 274
9.7 Model of the electron as a topological structure 276
Bibliography 277
Illustration sources 291
Index 295
