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Overview
The U.S. government has historically been the engine of American scientific achievement, from the birth of nuclear technology to the "space race." However, at times, our government has also misrepresented scientific evidence to advance a political agenda. Science and Political Controversy: A Reference Handbook examines how the government has facilitated research for the public good and the ways in which politicians have manipulated data to serve political ends around a broad array of controversies, from stem cell research to energy development, chemical health risks, and climate change.
Written specifically for high school students and general readers without specialized background knowledge on the subject, the work presents perspective essays authored by representatives from governmental agencies, politicians, political scientists, experts in the physical and life sciences, and other stakeholders concerned with the intersection of politics and science. The first section of the book provides background information on the topic that overviews the current problems and issues related to the interaction of science and politics. The second section supplies resources that readers can use for their own research, such as an annotated bibliography, profiles of important individuals and organizations, a chronology of important events, and a glossary of key terms.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781610693196 |
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Publisher: | Bloomsbury Academic |
Publication date: | 04/21/2014 |
Series: | Contemporary World Issues |
Pages: | 352 |
Product dimensions: | 6.10(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.20(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface xiii
1 Background and History 3
Greek Science in Decline 7
The Rise of Modern Science 9
What Is Science? 13
The Organization of Science 15
What Is the Purpose of Science? 17
The Industrial Revolution 19
The French Revolution 22
The Origins of Science in America 24
The Growth of Basic Research in the United States 26
Science and Politics in the Mid-20th Century 29
The Soviet Union 30
Nazi Germany 33
Great Britain 36
Conclusion 41
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 53
Galileo Revisited: The Case of J. Robert Oppenheimer 54
The Science behind the Politics 54
Reaction in the United States 56
Oppenheirner, the Manhattan Project, and Reaction 58
The Space Race and the Apollo Program 62
Big Science, Little Science 66
The Superconducting Super Collider 67
The Strategic Defense Initiative 70
Science Interruptus 76
The Evils of Marijuana 83
Issues of Human Sexuality 92
Abstinence-Only Education 93
Plan B 97
Global Climate Change 101
Conclusion 106
3 Perspectives 123
Introduction 123
The Politics of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Sandy Becker 123
Kitzmiller v. Dover in Focus Glenn Branch 126
Science Is Not a Liberal Conspiracy Allan B. Cobb 130
Rowland's Recipe for Climate Treaty Success Joel Grossman 133
The Evolving Dispute over Teaching Darwinism Phill Jones 136
A Satellite Launches More Controversy 138
Antievolutionists Struggle to Adapt Tactics 139
The Politics of Genetically Modified Foods Bill Loftus 140
Science, Politics, and High Energy Physics Michael Perricone 143
Lysenko's Revenge: Science, Politics, and Hot Rhetoric John Galbraith Simmons 147
The Corruption of Climate Science by Leftist Politics A.J. Smuskiewicz 153
Oil and Water-The Political Mix of the 21st Century Lana Straub 160
4 Profiles 167
Introduction 167
Todd Akin (1947-) 168
American Association for the Advancement of Science 170
Jonathan Beckwith (1935-) 173
Coalition on the Public Understanding of Science 176
Teresa Stanton Collett 179
Federation of American Scientists 183
Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) 186
Government Accountability Project 189
Edward R. Korman (1942-) 192
Philipp Lenard (1862-1947) 194
John Marburger (1941-2011) 197
National Academy of Sciences 199
National Center for Science Education 202
Plato (428/427-348/347 BCE) 204
Project on Scientific Knowledge and Public Policy 207
Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility 210
Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) 213
Eugenie C. Scott (1945-) 216
Kathleen Sebelius (1948-) 219
B.K Skinner (1904-1990) 221
Union of Concerned Scientists 224
5 Data and Documents 229
Introduction 229
Data 229
Table 5.1 Impact of Abstinence-Only Education Programs on Behavior 230
Table 5.2 Survey of FDA Scientists. Percent of Scientists Expressing Each Opinion on Each Question 231
Documents 233
The Republic, by Plato (ca. 389 BCE) 233
Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 235
Abortion and Breast Cancer Legislation (1990s) 236
Politics and Science in the Federal Government (2003) 238
Gil Garcetti, et al., Petitioners v. Richard Ceballos, 547 U.S. 410 (2006) 242
Politicization of the Surgeon General's Office (2007) 245
In the Matter of Julie MacDonald (2008) 248
Interference at the EPA: Science and Politics at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2008) 250
State of Louisiana, Act No. 473, Regular Session 2008 252
Proposed Amendments to H.R. 1 (2011) 254
Allegation of Scientific and Scholarly Misconduct and Reprisal (2012) 256
Annie Tummino, et al.,-against-Margaret Hamburg, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, et al., No. 12-cv-763 (ERK) (WP) (2013) 258
Draft High Quality Research Act (2013) 260
6 Resources for Further Research 265
Introduction 265
Books 265
Articles 274
Reports 285
Internet Resources 288
7 Chronology 303
8 Glossary 315
Index 321
About the Author 331