| List of figures | ix |
| List of tables | x |
| Preface to the third edition | xi |
| Acknowledgements | xiii |
| Note on style, spelling and transliteration | xiv |
| Glossary of acronyms, acrostics and terms | xv |
Part I | The fall of communism and the rebirth of Russia | 1 |
1 | Soviet communism and its dissolution | 3 |
| The Soviet system | 4 |
| Perestroika | 8 |
| The emergence of Russia | 16 |
| Popular insurgency and regime decay | 19 |
| Conclusion | 24 |
2 | The disintegration of the USSR | 27 |
| The August coup | 27 |
| The disintegration of the USSR | 31 |
| Problems of state-building | 38 |
| Conclusion | 41 |
Part II | Political institutions and processes | 43 |
3 | The new constitutional order | 45 |
| Crisis and culminations: October 1993 | 45 |
| The 1993 constitution | 54 |
| The Constitutional Court | 66 |
| Constitutionalism, law and the state | 68 |
| Conclusion | 70 |
4 | Law and society | 72 |
| The legal system | 72 |
| Crime and the mafia | 79 |
| Corruption and metacorruption | 81 |
| The security apparatus and politics | 91 |
| Human and civil rights | 95 |
| Conclusion | 96 |
5 | The executive | 98 |
| The presidency | 98 |
| The government | 109 |
| Public administration: from nomenklatura to civil service? | 122 |
| Conclusion | 123 |
6 | The legislature | 125 |
| The State Duma | 125 |
| The Federation Council (FC) | 132 |
| Parliamentarianism and Russian politics | 137 |
| Conclusion | 138 |
7 | Electoral politics | 140 |
| The experience of elections | 140 |
| Elections and the Russian political system | 164 |
| Conclusion | 170 |
8 | Party development | 172 |
| Stages of party development | 172 |
| Parties and the multi-party system | 184 |
| Problems of social representation | 189 |
| Conclusion | 199 |
Part III | Federalism, regionalism and nationalism | 201 |
9 | Federalism and the state | 203 |
| Ethno-federalism and its legacy | 203 |
| Russian federalism | 214 |
| Conclusion | 222 |
10 | Regional and local politics | 224 |
| The organisation of power | 224 |
| Federalism and regional politics | 230 |
| Local self-government | 248 |
| Conclusion | 252 |
11 | National identity and state-building | 254 |
| From empire to state | 254 |
| Russian national identity | 262 |
| State-building | 267 |
| Conclusion | 274 |
Part IV | Economy and society | 277 |
12 | Marketising the economy | 279 |
| The road to the market | 279 |
| Problems of the Russian economy | 291 |
| Evaluation of market reform | 300 |
| Conclusion | 303 |
13 | Society and social movements | 305 |
| Social structure and dynamics | 305 |
| Welfare and incomes | 313 |
| Social movements | 318 |
| Conclusion | 329 |
14 | Cultural transformation | 331 |
| The media | 331 |
| Culture and the intelligentsia | 335 |
| Religion and the state | 337 |
| Political culture and public opinion | 339 |
| The crisis of values | 344 |
| Conclusion | 346 |
Part V | Foreign policies | 347 |
15 | Foreign policy | 349 |
| The evolution of foreign policy | 349 |
| The structure of policy-making | 356 |
| The debate over foreign policy | 360 |
| Russia and the world | 365 |
| Conclusion | 373 |
16 | Commonwealth, community and fragmentation | 375 |
| The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) | 375 |
| Security and peacekeeping | 387 |
| Minorities and Russians abroad | 391 |
| Conclusion | 394 |
17 | Defence and security policy | 396 |
| The end of the Soviet armed forces | 396 |
| The great retreat | 399 |
| Defence conversion and arms sales | 402 |
| Nuclear politics and non-proliferation | 403 |
| Military reform | 405 |
| Civil-military relations | 409 |
| Military and security doctrine | 413 |
| Security policy and Nato enlargement | 414 |
| Conclusion | 420 |
Part VI | Dilemmas of democratisation | 423 |
18 | Problems of transition | 425 |
| The challenge of history | 425 |
| Transitional justice | 430 |
| Models of transition | 432 |
| Conclusion | 443 |
19 | Pluralism, elites, regime and leadership | 445 |
| Russian pluralism | 445 |
| Old and new elites | 448 |
| Regime politics | 454 |
| Leadership and regime change | 458 |
| Conclusion | 461 |
20 | Democracy in Russia | 463 |
| Democracy, liberalism and the Russian state | 463 |
| A struggling democracy? | 469 |
| Notes | 475 |
| Select bibliography | 524 |
| Index | 527 |