Roadmapping Extended Reality: Fundamentals and Applications

by Mariano Alcañiz (Editor), Marco Sacco (Editor), Jolanda G. Tromp (Editor)

Overview

ROADMAPPING EXTENDED REALITY

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the technological aspects of Extended Realities (XR) and discusses the main challenges and future directions in the field.

This book is important and timely – XR technologies have overcome the 3 main aspects that were holding it back from mainstream adoption: cost, cables, and size. However, there are many aspects of XR technologies that are now going to be explored and developed that still need urgent research in terms of security, privacy, health and safety, long-term effects, addiction risks, and age-related developmental concerns, and the aim of the book is to inform all readers of these open issues and challenges. There are currently a great number of interdisciplinary researchers and developers working in the XR R&D field. Recently, XR technologies moved from the Gartner Hype Cycle onto the Plateau of Productivity on the Gartner Hype Cycle signaling that the fundamental XR technologies are now deemed mature technologies and ready for deployment in a wide variety of application areas. Corroborated by the fact that XR technologies are part of the future Metaverse, a concept that went rapidly mainstream during the time of writing of this book.

Roadmapping Extended Reality is divided into two parts: (1) fundamentals and (2) applications. The first part covers the main technological aspects of XR. The chapters in this section review and discuss relevant fundamental concepts of XR, the actual state-of-the-art, and future challenges. The second part of the book focuses on covering a wide range of applications of XR including a future roadmap. All in all, the book offers a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in XR and addresses the needs of a multidisciplinary audience working in both academia and the industry, as well as stakeholders at government agencies and non-profit organizations.

Audience
This book is aimed at academic and industrial developers, exploring and developing applications in the XR, VR, AR, AI, smart IoT, 4th Industrial Revolution space, including those that are solving technology requirements, human factors, evaluation methodology advances, and ROI investigations.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781119865797
Publisher:	Wiley
Publication date:	07/26/2022
Sold by:	JOHN WILEY & SONS
Format:	eBook
Pages:	384
File size:	3 MB

About the Author

Mariano Alcañiz, PhD, is the founding director of the Immersive Neurotechnologies Lab (LabLENI) as well as a Full Professor of Biomedical Engineering at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. He has published more than 350 academic papers in interdisciplinary journals such as Scientific Reports and PLoS One, as well as domain-specific journals in the fields of biomedical engineering, computer science, psychology, marketing, management, psychology, and education.

Marco Sacco, PhD, is a Senior Researcher, head of CNR-STIIMA Lecco subsidiary, and head of the division, Enterprise Engineering, and Virtual Applications. President of EuroXR (European Association of Extended Reality). He has more than 160 publications including papers in academic journals and conference proceedings.

Jolanda G. Tromp, PhD, is a consultant to the EuroXR association for the Delphi consensus study; Director Center for Visualization & Simulation (CVS), Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; founding CIO spinout company for Visualization & Simulation, Viet Nam; visiting research professor XR lab Grupo DIANA, University of Malaga, Spain, and XR R&D Study Abroad internships Adjunct Instructor HCI Master and XR curriculum R&D, State University of New York in Oswego, NY, USA, and Duy Tan University, Viet Nam.

Table of Contents

Foreword xv

Preface xvii

1 Future Directions for XR 2021-2030: International Delphi Consensus Study 1
Jolanda G. Tromp, Gabriel Zachmann, Jerome Perret and Beatrice Palacco

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 XR and the Delphi Study Forecast 4

1.3 Key Enabling R&D Prerequisites, Concerns and Targets 15

1.4 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 21

1.5 Near-Term Challenges 26

Acknowledgments 31

References 31

2 Digital Narratives in Extended Realities 35
Luis Emilio Bruni, Nele Kadastik, Thomas Anthony Pedersen and Hossein Dini

2.1 Introduction 36

2.2 XR and Interactive Digital Narratives (IDN) 37

2.3 Domains of Applications 47

2.4 Future Perspectives 52

References 55

3 Haptic Interfaces 63
Jerome Perret

3.1 Introduction 63

3.2 State-of-the-Art 65

3.3 Scientific and Technological Challenges 66

3.4 Application-Specific Challenges 69

3.5 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 71

References 73

4 Immersive Sound for XR 75
Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona, Tifanie Bouchara and Lorenzo Picinali

4.1 Introduction 75

4.2 Immersive Audio Rendering for XR 77

4.3 Technological Challenges 81

4.4 Envisioning Applications 88

4.5 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 94

Acknowledgments 96

References 96

5 Visual Interfaces in XR 103
Rubén Mohedano and Julio Chaves

5.1 Introduction 103

5.2 Definitions 104

5.3 Visual Interfaces Building Blocks 105

5.4 Visual Interfaces in VR 108

5.5 Visual Interfaces in AR 119

5.6 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 128

References 132

6 XR and Metaverse Software Platforms 135
Lorenzo Cappannari and Antony Vitillo

6.1 Introduction 136

6.2 Enabling Platforms 138

6.3 Content Platforms 143

6.4 Human-Centered Platforms 146

6.5 Utility Platforms 149

6.6 Application Platforms 152

6.7 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 154

References 155

7 Human Perception Engineering 157
Evan G. Center, Katherine Mimnaugh, Jukka Häkkinen and Steven M. Lavalle

7.1 Introduction 157

7.2 XR and Human Perception 165

7.3 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 167

Funding 177

References 177

8 Extended Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Synergic Approaches in Real World Applications 183
Maria di Summa, Vito Reno, Pierluigi Dibari, Gaetano Pernisco, Marco Sacco and Ettore Stella

8.1 Introduction 183

8.2 XR and Artificial Intelligence 186

8.3 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 189

References 190

9 Extended Reality & The Backbone: Towards a 3D Mirrorworld 193
Jolanda G. Tromp

9.1 Introduction 194

9.2 Critical Uncertainties for the Future of XR 200

9.3 XR and Decentralization: Blockchain Infrastructure 208

9.4 XR and the Backbone: Enabling Critical Functionalities 211

9.5 XR Open Sharing and Interoperability 216

9.6 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 220

Acknowledgments 223

References 223

10 Human Factors and Ergonomics 229
Marta Mondellini, Vera Colombo, Sara Arlati, Glyn Lawson and Sue Cobb

10.1 Introduction 230

10.2 XR and Human Factors 231

10.3 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 244

Acknowledgments 248

References 249

11 XR and Neurorehabilitation 257
Sara Arlati and Davide Borghetti

11.1 Introduction 258

11.2 XR and Neurorehabilitation 259

11.3 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 268

References 273

12 Use of XR’s Technologies for Consumer Behavior Analysis 283
Cristina Gil-Lopez, Jaime Guixeres, Javier Marín-Morales and Mariano Alcañiz

12.1 Introduction 283

12.2 The Concept of Virtual Consumer Experience 284

12.3 A Framework for the Use of XR in Consumer Behavior Research 288

12.4 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 299

References 301

13 XR for Industrial Training & Maintenance 309
Luca Greci

13.1 Introduction 309

13.2 XR and Industrial Training and Maintenance 311

13.3 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 316

References 318

14 Use of XR Technologies for the Assessment and Training of Leadership Skills 321
Elena Parra, Mariano Alcañiz, Cristina Giglio and Irene Alice Chicchi Giglioli

14.1 What is Leadership? 322

14.2 Leadership Assessment: Explicit Methods 322

14.3 Leadership Biomarkers: Organizational Neuroscience 323

14.4 Extended Reality Technologies and Leadership Assessment 327

14.5 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 330

References 331

15 Surgery Applications: Expanding Surgeons’ Capabilities 337
Jose M Sabater-Navarro, Jose M Vicente-Samper, Sofia Aledo and Pedro L. Solarte

15.1 Introduction 337

15.2 XR and Surgery 338

15.3 Future Research Agenda and Roadmap 351

References 352

Index 357