Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation
A comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the emerging paradigm of user and open innovation, offering both theoretical and empirical perspectives.

The last two decades have witnessed an extraordinary growth of new models of managing and organizing the innovation process that emphasizes users over producers. Large parts of the knowledge economy now routinely rely on users, communities, and open innovation approaches to solve important technological and organizational problems. This view of innovation, pioneered by the economist Eric von Hippel, counters the dominant paradigm, which cast the profit-seeking incentives of firms as the main driver of technical change. In a series of influential writings, von Hippel and colleagues found empirical evidence that flatly contradicted the producer-centered model of innovation. Since then, the study of user-driven innovation has continued and expanded, with further empirical exploration of a distributed model of innovation that includes communities and platforms in a variety of contexts and with the development of theory to explain the economic underpinnings of this still emerging paradigm. This volume provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the field of user and open innovation, reflecting advances in the field over the last several decades.

The contributors—including many colleagues of Eric von Hippel—offer both theoretical and empirical perspectives from such diverse fields as economics, the history of science and technology, law, management, and policy. The empirical contexts for their studies range from household goods to financial services. After discussing the fundamentals of user innovation, the contributors cover communities and innovation; legal aspects of user and community innovation; new roles for user innovators; user interactions with firms; and user innovation in practice, describing experiments, toolkits, and crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding.

Contributors
Efe Aksuyek, Yochai Benkler, James Bessen, Jörn H. Block, Annika Bock, Helena Canhão, Jeroen P. J. de Jong, Emmanuelle Fauchart, Dominique Foray, Nikolaus Franke, Johann Füller, Helena Garriga, Fred Gault, Fredrik Hacklin, Dietmar Harhoff, Joachim Henkel, Cornelius Herstatt, Christoph Hienerth, Venkat Kuppuswamy, Karim R. Lakhani, Christopher Lettl, Christian Lüthje, Ethan Mollick, Hidehiko Nishikawa, Alessandro Nuvolari, Susumu Ogawa, Pedro Oliveira, Stefan Perkmann Berger, Frank Piller, Christina Raasch, Susanne Roiser, Fabrizio Salvador, Pamela Samuelson, Tim Schweisfurth, Sonali K. Shah, Christoph Stockstrom, Katherine J. Strandburg, Stefan Thomke, Andrew W. Torrance, Mary Tripsas, Georg von Krogh

1121759023
Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation
A comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the emerging paradigm of user and open innovation, offering both theoretical and empirical perspectives.

The last two decades have witnessed an extraordinary growth of new models of managing and organizing the innovation process that emphasizes users over producers. Large parts of the knowledge economy now routinely rely on users, communities, and open innovation approaches to solve important technological and organizational problems. This view of innovation, pioneered by the economist Eric von Hippel, counters the dominant paradigm, which cast the profit-seeking incentives of firms as the main driver of technical change. In a series of influential writings, von Hippel and colleagues found empirical evidence that flatly contradicted the producer-centered model of innovation. Since then, the study of user-driven innovation has continued and expanded, with further empirical exploration of a distributed model of innovation that includes communities and platforms in a variety of contexts and with the development of theory to explain the economic underpinnings of this still emerging paradigm. This volume provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the field of user and open innovation, reflecting advances in the field over the last several decades.

The contributors—including many colleagues of Eric von Hippel—offer both theoretical and empirical perspectives from such diverse fields as economics, the history of science and technology, law, management, and policy. The empirical contexts for their studies range from household goods to financial services. After discussing the fundamentals of user innovation, the contributors cover communities and innovation; legal aspects of user and community innovation; new roles for user innovators; user interactions with firms; and user innovation in practice, describing experiments, toolkits, and crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding.

Contributors
Efe Aksuyek, Yochai Benkler, James Bessen, Jörn H. Block, Annika Bock, Helena Canhão, Jeroen P. J. de Jong, Emmanuelle Fauchart, Dominique Foray, Nikolaus Franke, Johann Füller, Helena Garriga, Fred Gault, Fredrik Hacklin, Dietmar Harhoff, Joachim Henkel, Cornelius Herstatt, Christoph Hienerth, Venkat Kuppuswamy, Karim R. Lakhani, Christopher Lettl, Christian Lüthje, Ethan Mollick, Hidehiko Nishikawa, Alessandro Nuvolari, Susumu Ogawa, Pedro Oliveira, Stefan Perkmann Berger, Frank Piller, Christina Raasch, Susanne Roiser, Fabrizio Salvador, Pamela Samuelson, Tim Schweisfurth, Sonali K. Shah, Christoph Stockstrom, Katherine J. Strandburg, Stefan Thomke, Andrew W. Torrance, Mary Tripsas, Georg von Krogh

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Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation

Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation

Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation

Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation

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Overview

A comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the emerging paradigm of user and open innovation, offering both theoretical and empirical perspectives.

The last two decades have witnessed an extraordinary growth of new models of managing and organizing the innovation process that emphasizes users over producers. Large parts of the knowledge economy now routinely rely on users, communities, and open innovation approaches to solve important technological and organizational problems. This view of innovation, pioneered by the economist Eric von Hippel, counters the dominant paradigm, which cast the profit-seeking incentives of firms as the main driver of technical change. In a series of influential writings, von Hippel and colleagues found empirical evidence that flatly contradicted the producer-centered model of innovation. Since then, the study of user-driven innovation has continued and expanded, with further empirical exploration of a distributed model of innovation that includes communities and platforms in a variety of contexts and with the development of theory to explain the economic underpinnings of this still emerging paradigm. This volume provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the field of user and open innovation, reflecting advances in the field over the last several decades.

The contributors—including many colleagues of Eric von Hippel—offer both theoretical and empirical perspectives from such diverse fields as economics, the history of science and technology, law, management, and policy. The empirical contexts for their studies range from household goods to financial services. After discussing the fundamentals of user innovation, the contributors cover communities and innovation; legal aspects of user and community innovation; new roles for user innovators; user interactions with firms; and user innovation in practice, describing experiments, toolkits, and crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding.

Contributors
Efe Aksuyek, Yochai Benkler, James Bessen, Jörn H. Block, Annika Bock, Helena Canhão, Jeroen P. J. de Jong, Emmanuelle Fauchart, Dominique Foray, Nikolaus Franke, Johann Füller, Helena Garriga, Fred Gault, Fredrik Hacklin, Dietmar Harhoff, Joachim Henkel, Cornelius Herstatt, Christoph Hienerth, Venkat Kuppuswamy, Karim R. Lakhani, Christopher Lettl, Christian Lüthje, Ethan Mollick, Hidehiko Nishikawa, Alessandro Nuvolari, Susumu Ogawa, Pedro Oliveira, Stefan Perkmann Berger, Frank Piller, Christina Raasch, Susanne Roiser, Fabrizio Salvador, Pamela Samuelson, Tim Schweisfurth, Sonali K. Shah, Christoph Stockstrom, Katherine J. Strandburg, Stefan Thomke, Andrew W. Torrance, Mary Tripsas, Georg von Krogh


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780262029773
Publisher: MIT Press
Publication date: 03/04/2016
Series: The MIT Press
Pages: 600
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.50(d)
Age Range: 18 Years

About the Author

Dietmar Harhoff is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich.

Karim R. Lakhani is Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School.

Dietmar Harhoff is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich.

Karim R. Lakhani is Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School.

Dietmar Harhoff is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich.

Karim R. Lakhani is Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School.

Dominique Foray holds the Chair in Economics and Management of Innovation and is Director of the College of Management of Technology at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. He is the author of The Economics of Knowledge (MIT Press, 2004).

Table of Contents

Preface xi

Contributors xiii

I Revolutionizing Innovation: Fundamentals and New Perspectives Dietmar Harhoff Karim R. Lakhani 1

1 Fundamentals of User Innovation 25

2 Context, Capabilities, and Incentives-The Core and the Periphery of User Innovation Dietmar Harhoff 27

3 Cost Advantages in Innovation-A Comparison of Users and Manufacturers Christian Lüthje Christoph Stockstrom 45

4 The Empirical Scope of User Innovation Jeroen P. J. de Jong 67

5 User Innovation and Official Statistics Fred Gault 89

II The Community Perspective 107

6 Managing Communities and Contests to Innovate with Crowds Karim R. Lakhani 109

7 Knowledge Sharing among Inventors: Some Historical Perspectives James Bessen Alessandro Nuvolari 135

8 Private-Collective Innovation: The Effects of the Number of Participants and Social Factors Georg von Krogh Helena Garriga Efe Aksuyek Fredrik Hacklin 157

9 On the Democratization of Innovation through Communal Organizations Emmanuelle Fauchart Dominique Foray 175

10 When von Hippel Innovation Met the Networked Environment: Recognizing Decentralized Innovation Yochai Benkler 195

III Legal Aspects of User and Community Innovation 215

11 Freedom to Tinker Pamela Samuelson 217

12 Intellectual Property at the Boundary Katherine J. Strandburg 235

13 Will Innovation Thrive without Patents? A Natural Experiment in Biotechnology Andrew W. Torrance 259

IV User-Innovators in New Roles 283

14 When Do User-Innovators Start Firms? A Theory of User Entrepreneurship Sonali K. Shah Mary Tripsas 285

15 Users as Service-Innovators: Evidence across Healthcare and Financial Services Pedro Oliveira Helena Canhão 309

16 Technique Innovation Christoph Hienerth 331

17 The Power of Community Brands-How User-Generated Brand Emerge Johann Füller 353

V User Interactions with Firms 377

18 Selling to Competitors? Competitive Implications of User-Manufacturer Integration Joachim Henkel Annika Stiegler Jörn H. Block 379

19 When Passion Meets Profession: How Embedded Lead Users Contribute to Corporate Innovation Cornelius Herstatt Tim Schweisfurth Christina Raasch 397

20 Exploring Why and to What Extent Lead Users Share Knowledg with Producer Firms Christopher Lettl Stefan Perkmann Berger Susanne Roiser 421

21 Crowdsourcing at MUJI Susumu Ogawa Hidehiko Nishikawa 439

VI From Theory to Practice: Experiments, Toolkits, and Crowdfunding for Innovation 457

22 The Innovators' Tools Stefan Thomke 459

23 Design Toolkits, Organizational Capabilities, and Firm Performance Frank Piller Fabrizio Salvador 483

24 The Value of Toolkits for User Innovation and Design Nikolaus Franke 511

25 Crowdfunding: Evidence on the Democratization of Start-up Funding Ethan Mollick Venkat Kuppuswamy 537

Index 561

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