Pulmonary Physiology, Tenth Edition

by Michael G. Levitzky

Overview

Gain a complete understanding of the aspects of pulmonary physiology essential to clinical medicine

A Doody's Core Title for 2023!

For more than 35 years, this trusted review has provided students, residents, and fellows with a solid background in the aspects of pulmonary physiology that are essential for an understanding of clinical medicine.

Pulmonary Physiology clearly describes how and why the human respiratory system works in a style that is easy to absorb and integrate with your existing knowledge of other body systems.

Features:

• Thoroughly updated with new figures, tables, and end-of-chapter references and clinical correlations
• Each chapter includes clearly stated learning objectives, summaries of key concepts, illustrations of essential concepts, clinical correlations, problems, and pulmonary function test data to interpret, and suggested readings
• Enables you to understand the basic concepts of pulmonary physiology well enough to apply them with confidence in future practice
• Provides detailed explanations of physiologic mechanisms and demonstrates how they apply to pathologic states

If you’re in need of a concise, time-tested, basic review of pulmonary physiology—one that encourages comprehension rather than memorization, your search ends here.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781264270040
Publisher:	McGraw Hill LLC
Publication date:	08/30/2022
Edition description:	10th ed.
Pages:	336
Sales rank:	226,756
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Michael G. Levitzky, PhD, is Emeritus Professor of Physiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine.

Table of Contents

Preface vii

Chapter 1 Function and Structure of the Respiratory System 1

Functions of the Respiratory System 1

Structure of the Respiratory System 4

Key Concepts 11

Suggested Readings 11

Chapter 2 Mechanics of Breathing 12

Generation of a Pressure Difference Between Atmosphere and Alveoli 13

Pressure-Volume Relationships in the Respiratory System 21

Interaction of Lung and Chest Wall: The Static Pressure-Volume Curve 32

Airways Resistance 35

The Work of Breathing 54

Key Concepts 55

Clinical Problems 56

Suggested Readings 58

Chapter 3 Alveolar Ventilation 60

The Lung Volumes 60

Measurement of the Lung Volumes 63

Anatomic Dead Space and Alveolar Ventilation 71

Measurement of Alveolar Ventilation 73

Alveolar Ventilation and Alveolar Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels 78

Regional Distribution of Alveolar Ventilation 82

The Closing Volume 86

The Effects of Aging 88

Key Concepts 90

Clinical Problems 90

Suggested Readings 93

Chapter 4 Blood Flow to the Lung 95

The Bronchial Circulation 96

The Functional Anatomy of the Pulmonary Circulation 98

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance 101

The Regional Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow: The Zones of the Lung 108

Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction 115

Effects of Mechanical Ventilation on Pulmonary Blood Flow 117

Pulmonary Edema 118

Key Concepts 121

Clinical Problems 122

Suggested Readings 123

Chapter 5 Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships 125

The Concept of Matching Ventilation and Perfusion 125

Consequences of High and Low V/Q 126

Testing for Nonuniform Distribution of Inspired Gas and Pulmonary Blood Flow 128

Regional V/Q Differences and Their Consequences in the Lung 138

Key Concepts 142

Clinical Problems 142

Suggested Readings 144

Chapter 6 Diffusion of Gases and Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests 145

Fick's Law for Diffusion 146

Limitations of Gas Transfer 148

Diffusion of Oxygen 150

Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide 152

Measurement of Diffusing Capacity 152

Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests 155

Key Concepts 157

Clinical Problems 157

Suggested Readings 159

Chapter 7 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood 160

Transport of Oxygen by the Blood 160

Hemoglobin and the Physiologic Implications of the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 163

Influences on the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 167

Transport of Carbon Dioxide by the Blood 174

The Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve 176

The Bohr and Haldane Effects Explained 177

Key Concepts 179

Clinical Problems 179

Suggested Readings 181

Chapter 8 Acid-Base Balance 182

The Chemistry of Acids, Bases, and Buffers 182

Buffer Systems of the Human Body 185

Acidosis and Alkalosis 191

Respiratory and Renal Compensatory Mechanisms 195

Clinical Interpretation of Blood Gases and Acid-Base Status 197

The Causes of Hypoxia 200

Key Concepts 203

Clinical Problems 204

Suggested Readings 208

Chapter 9 Control of Breathing 209

The Generation of Spontaneous Rhythmicity 210

The Medullary Respiratory Center 212

The Pontine Respiratory Groups 214

Spinal Pathways 214

Reflex Mechanisms of Respiratory Control 215

Influences of Higher Centers 220

The Response to Carbon Dioxide 221

The Response to Hydrogen Ions 229

The Response to Hypoxia 230

The Response to Exercise 230

Altered Breathing Patterns 234

Key Concepts 234

Clinical Problems 235

Suggested Readings 236

Chapter 10 Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung 238

Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms 238

Nonrespiratory Functions of the Polmonary Circulation 245

Metabolic Functions of the Lung 247

Key Concepts 250

Suggested Readings 252

Chapter 11 The Respiratory System Under Stress 253

Exercise and the Respiratory System 253

Altitude and Acclimatization 260

Diving and the Respiratory System 267

Sleep and the Respiratory System 274

Key Concepts 276

Clinical Problems 276

Suggested Readings 281

Clinical Problem Answers 284

Appendix 297

I Symbols Used in Respiratory Physiology 297

II The Laws Governing the Behavior of Gases 297

III Frequently Used Equations 298

IV Table of Normal Respiratory and Circulatory Values 299

Index 301

Editorial Reviews

Reviewer: Thad E. Wilson, PhD (University of Kentucky College of Medicine)
Description: This book covers all the necessary structure-function relations of the lung and pulmonary system. The book contains a well-written narrative, figures, and tables. Each chapter contains learning objectives, key concepts, clinical problems with annotated answers, and clinical correlations with discussion. The previous edition of the book was published in 2018.
Purpose: The book is intended for medical and other health professions students. Pulmonary physiology is often difficult for health professions students, with its integration of physiology, chemistry gas laws, and physics principles. The book works through these concepts and principles elegantly and strikes a nice balance between detail and practicality.
Audience: The book is primarily written for pre-clinical medical students in the U.S. It does have utility for other health professions and practitioners who would like a review but not a tome. The author is a credible scholar in both pulmonary and physiology education. He authored all previous editions of the book as well as three other books.
Features: This book covers all the standard physiology content with breathing mechanics, ventilation, perfusion, gas exchange and transport, and system stressors (environmental, exercise, and postural). There are more detailed chapters, compared to other respiratory/pulmonary physiology texts, on acid-base balance and the control of breathing. The "other functions of the lungs" section is also an asset and an often-overlooked topical area. The Clinical Problem Answers are a helpful addition to the book and will aid students in retrieval practice learning. A shortcoming of the book is the figure art. While data figures work nicely with simple graphs, structural art could be enhanced with more detail and richness.
Assessment: This book improves on the previous edition. Its biggest comparator is West's Respiratory Physiology, 11th Edition, West and Luks (Wolters Kluwer, 2021). This book eclipses the competition as the best resource for health professions students based on its more descriptive narratives, which give a helpful adjunct to medical school lecture slides.

Doody's Review Service