Table of Contents
Foreword Miriam Hansen ix
Introduction: On New Public Spheres xliii
1 The Public Sphere as the Organization of Collective Experience 1
The Concept of Experience and the Public Sphere 3
The Concept of the Public Sphere in Classical Bourgeois Theory 9
The Classical Bourgeois Public Sphere-in Practice 11
The Processing of Social Experience by the New Public Spheres of Production 12
The Life-Historical Construction of Experience-the Differing Time Scales of Learning Processes 18
Primary Socialization as the Cultivation of the Capacity for Experience 21
The Fate of the Cognitive Drives: Experience through Production of Knowledge 22
The Appropriation of Mediated Experience within the Learning Rhythms of Immediate Experience 27
The Blocking of Social Experience in the Proletarian Context of Living 28
The Workings of Fantasy as a Form of Production of Authentic Experience 32
Solidarity That Can Be Grasped with the Senses 38
The Desire for the Simplification of Social Circumstances-Personalization 40
The "Materialist Instinct" 43
Language Barriers 45
The So-called Public Sphere of the Factory 49
2 On the Dialectic between the Bourgeois and the Proletarian Public Sphere 54
The Proletarian Public Sphere as a Historical Counterconcept to the Bourgeois Public Sphere 57
The Assimilation of Elements of the Proletarian Context of Living into the Integrative Mechanism of the Bourgeois Public Sphere 58
The Self Organization of Working-Class Interests in a Proletarian Public Sphere That Establishes Itself as a Separate Camp in Opposition to Capitalist Society 60
Decaying Forms of the Bourgeois Public Sphere 63
1 Contradictions of the State's Power Monopoly 64
2 The State's Power Monopoly and the Theory of Delegation 69
3 The Public Sphere as an Illusory Synthesis of the Totality of Society 73
The Material Core of the Illusion 75
The Reversal of the Functions of Power and Illusion 77
The Superstructure of Society Lags Behind the Development of the Productive Forces; the Illusory Public Sphere Is Ahead of Them 79
The Proletarian Public Sphere and the Social Production of Use-Value 80
The Medium of the Production of Social Wealth 82
The Public Sphere of the Student Movement 84
Workers' Protest Activities-Surrounded by a Disintegrating Bourgeois Public Sphere 91
3 Public-Service Television: The Bourgeois Public Sphere Translated into Modem Technology 96
Television as a Programming Industry 96
The Television Screen's Appearance of Immediacy-the Reality of Television Production as an Industrial Enterprise 103
Short-Term and Long-Term Valorization Interest in the Mass Media 104
The Juncture of Public-Service Television and Private Industry 109
Levels of Societilization of Television and Viewers 112
Wealth of Material, Lack of Time, Distortions of Communication 115
Limitations of Television That Derive from the Labor Process 121
Television and Criticism 124
4 The Individual Commodity and Collections of Commodities in the Consciousness Industry 130
Excursus 1 to Chapter 4 The Media Cartel and the Political Sphere-an Example of the Over determination of the Bourgeois Public Sphere by the Public Sphere of Production 135
Excursus 2 to Chapter 4 Individual Resistance to the Media Cartel? 138
Excursus 3 to Chapter 4 The Public Sphere of Knowledge Production and the Media Conglomerate 144
Public Service or Private Structure of the Consciousness Industry? 147
5 The Context of Living as the Media Cartel's Object of Production 149
The Sensuality of the Classical Media 151-The Sensory Reception Basis of the New Mass Media 154
6 Changes in the Structure of the Public Sphere: Capitalist "Cultural Revolution" -Proletarian Cultural Revolution 160
Violence, the Nonpublic Sphere, Objective Illusion, Accumulation 164
Classical Imperialism and its Public Sphere 165
The Phase of Imperialist Mass Mobilization (Fascism, National Socialism) 166
The Latest Stage of Imperialism: Inward Imperialism 170
The Transformation of Commodities into Fantasy Values 172
The Conservatism of Feelings and Its Exploitation in the Consciousness Industry 175
The Dialectic of Real and Formal Subsumption of the Public Sphere under Capital 177
Primary and Secondary Exploitation 180
Tendencies toward and Enrichment of the Context of Capital: Planning, the Institutionalized Production of Use-values, the Context of Living as an Object of Production 181
Intellectual Activity as the Most Important Raw Material and Possibility for the Realization of the New Range of Products 183
Proletarian Publicity as a Form of Resistance against Real Subsumption under Capital 185
Commentaries on the Concept of Proletarian Public Sphere 187
1 The. Proletarian Public Sphere as an Organizational Model for the Whole Nation (the Development of the English Labor Movement) 187
2 Lenin's Concept of the Self-Experience of the Masses 201
3 The Ideology of the Camp: The Public Sphere of the Working Class as a Society within Society 205
4 919: Maximalism in Italy; 1934: Austro-Marxism-Two Sides of the Same Phenomenon 214
5 Austro-Marxism (1918-34) 222
6 Camp Mentality of the KPD before 1933 231
7 "Social Fascism" 234
8 Fetish "Politics" and Working-Class Politics 236
9 The Proletarian Public Sphere and the Election of Hindenburg 240
10 Learning from Defeats? 243
11 The Temporal Structure of the Experience of Historical Struggles 24?
12 Class Consciousness as a Program Concept That Requires Development by a Proletarian Public Sphere 250
13 Class Consciousness as a Mechanism of Pigeonholing-Georg Lukács 255
14 The Bourgeois Ideal Association and the Party Question 258
15 Frederick Engels on the Party Press and the Public Sphere 264
16 Vocabulary and the Proletarian Public Sphere 272
17 The Public Sphere of Monuments-the Public Sphere and Historical Consciousness 276
18 The Public Sphere of Children 283
19 The Nonpublic Sphere as a Form of Rule-Class "In Itself and Class "For Itself" 289
20 The Proletariat-as a Substance and as an Aggregate of Qualities 294
Index 299
