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Overview
In 1925-26, the future Nobel prize-winner Max Born presented two series of lectures at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology: one on the structure of the atom, the other on the lattice theory of rigid bodies. This volume contains the text of every lecture from both series, offering a remarkable look at the transition from the quantum theory of Bohr to a new direction in atomic dynamics.
"At the time I began this course of lectures," Born writes, "Heisenberg's first paper on the new quantum theory had just appeared. Here his masterly treatment gave the quantum theory an entirely new turn. The paper of Jordan and myself, in which we recognized the matrix calculus as the proper formulation of Heisenberg's ideas, was in press, and the manuscript of a third paper by the three of us was almost completed." In the course of the lecture series, Born introduced new developments as they occurred: Pauli's fourth quantum number, Dirac's formalism, and elements of his own work on a general operational calculus.
Appropriate for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, Problems of Atomic Dynamics represents the foundations of quantum theory and offers a vivid look at science in the making, presenting clear-cut results that have withstood decades of experimentation.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780486438733 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Dover Publications |
| Publication date: | 11/30/2004 |
| Series: | Dover Books on Physics Series |
| Pages: | 224 |
| Product dimensions: | 5.37(w) x 8.50(h) x (d) |
Table of Contents
| Foreword | vii | |
| Preface | ix | |
| Series I | The Structure of the Atom | |
| Lecture 11 | ||
| Comparison between the classical continuum theory and the quantum theory | ||
| Chief experimental results on the structure of the atom | ||
| General principles of the quantum theory | ||
| Examples | ||
| Lecture 212 | ||
| General introduction to mechanics | ||
| Canonical equations and canonical transformations | ||
| Lecture 321 | ||
| The Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation | ||
| Action and angle variables | ||
| The quantum conditions | ||
| Lecture 425 | ||
| Adiabatic invariants | ||
| The principle of correspondence | ||
| Lecture 532 | ||
| Degenerate systems | ||
| Secular perturbations | ||
| The quantum integrals | ||
| Lecture 638 | ||
| Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom | ||
| Relativity effect and fine structure | ||
| Stark and Zeeman effects | ||
| Lecture 747 | ||
| Attempts towards a theory of the helium atom and reasons for their failure | ||
| Bohr's semi-empirical theory of the structure of higher atoms | ||
| The optical electron and the Rydberg-Ritz formula for spectral series | ||
| The classification of series | ||
| The main quantum numbers of the alkali atoms in the unexcited state | ||
| Lecture 854 | ||
| Bohr's principle of successive building of atoms | ||
| Arc and spark spectra | ||
| X-ray spectra | ||
| Bohr's table of the completed numbers of electrons in the stationary states | ||
| Lecture 960 | ||
| Sommerfeld's inner quantum numbers | ||
| Attempts toward their interpretation by means of the atomic angular momentum | ||
| Breakdown of the classical theory | ||
| Formal interpretation of spectral regularities | ||
| Stoner's definition of subgroups in the periodic system | ||
| Pauli's introduction of four quantum numbers for the electron | ||
| Pauli's principle of unequal quantum numbers | ||
| Report on the development of the formal theory | ||
| Lecture 1068 | ||
| Introduction to the new quantum theory | ||
| Representation of a coordinate by a matrix | ||
| The elementary rules of matrix calculus | ||
| Lecture 1175 | ||
| The commutation rule and its justification by a correspondence consideration | ||
| Matrix functions and their differentiation with respect to matrix arguments | ||
| Lecture 1279 | ||
| The canonical equations of mechanics | ||
| Proof of the conservation of energy and of the "frequency condition" | ||
| Canonical transformations | ||
| The analogue of the Hamilton-Jacobi differential equation | ||
| Lecture 1383 | ||
| The example of the harmonic oscillator | ||
| Perturbation theory | ||
| Lecture 1489 | ||
| The meaning of external forces in the quantum theory and corresponding perturbation formulas | ||
| Their application to the theory of dispersion | ||
| Lecture 1594 | ||
| Systems of more than one degree of freedom | ||
| The commutation rules | ||
| The analogue of the Hamilton-Jacobi theory | ||
| Degenerate systems | ||
| Lecture 1699 | ||
| Conservation of angular momentum | ||
| Axial symmetrical systems and the quantization of the axial component of angular momentum | ||
| Lecture 17106 | ||
| Free systems as limiting cases of axially symmetrical systems | ||
| Quantization of the total angular momentum | ||
| Comparison with the theory of directional quantization | ||
| Intensities of the Zeeman components of a spectral line | ||
| Remarks on the theory of Zeeman separation | ||
| Lecture 18113 | ||
| Pauli's theory of the hydrogen atom | ||
| Lecture 19119 | ||
| Connection with the theory of Hermitian forms | ||
| Aperiodic motions and continuous spectra | ||
| Lecture 20125 | ||
| Substitution of the matrix calculus by the general operational calculus for improved treatment of aperiodic motions | ||
| Concluding remarks | ||
| Series II | The Lattice Theory of Rigid Bodies | |
| Lecture 1133 | ||
| Classification of crystal properties | ||
| Continuum and lattice theories | ||
| Geometry of lattices | ||
| Lecture 2139 | ||
| Molecular forces | ||
| Polarizability of atoms | ||
| Potential energy and inner forces | ||
| Homogeneous displacements | ||
| The conditions of equilibrium | ||
| Examples of regular lattices | ||
| Lecture 3146 | ||
| Elimination of inner motions | ||
| Compressibility | ||
| Elasticity and Hooke's law | ||
| Cauchy's relations | ||
| Dielectric displacement and piezoelectricity | ||
| Residual-ray frequencies | ||
| Lecture 4155 | ||
| Ionic lattices | ||
| Kossel's and Lewis' theory | ||
| Calculation of the lattice energy according to Madelung and Ewald | ||
| Lecture 5163 | ||
| The energy of the rock-salt lattice | ||
| Repulsive forces | ||
| Derivation of the properties of salt crystals from the properties of inert gases | ||
| Lecture 6168 | ||
| Experimental determination of the lattice energy by means of cyclic processes | ||
| The electron affinity of halogens | ||
| Heat of dissociation of salt molecules | ||
| Theory of molecular structure | ||
| Lecture 7176 | ||
| Chemical crystallography | ||
| Coordination lattices | ||
| Hund's theory of lattice types | ||
| Molecule, radical and layer lattices | ||
| Lecture 8183 | ||
| Physical mineralogy | ||
| The parameters of asymmetrical lattices | ||
| The molecule lattice of hydrochloric acid | ||
| Bragg's calculation of the rhombohedral angle of calcite | ||
| Rutile and anatase | ||
| Influence of the polarizability on elastic and electric constants | ||
| The breaking stress of rock salt | ||
| Lecture 9189 | ||
| Crystal optics | ||
| Refraction and double refraction | ||
| Optical activity | ||
| Thermodynamics | ||
| Quantum theory of specific heats | ||
| Distribution of frequencies in phase space | ||
| Lecture 10196 | ||
| Thermal expansion and pyroelectricity | ||
| Concluding remarks |