This edition features
• a linked Table of Contents, linked Footnotes, and linked Index
• 127 illustrations
CONTENTS
BOOK I. (Chapters I. to XIII.)
historical sketch of the progress of geology, with a series of essays to show that the monuments of the ancient state of the earth and its inhabitants, which this science interprets, can only be understood by a previous acquaintance with terrestrial changes now in progress, both in the organic and inorganic worlds.
CHAPTER I
Geology defined — Its relation to other Sciences
CHAPTER II.
Oriental and Egyptian Cosmogonies — Doctrines of the Greeks and Romans bearing on Geology
CHAPTER III.
Historical progress of Geology — Arabian Writers — Italian, French, German, and English geologists before the 19th century — Physico-theological school
CHAPTER IV.
Werner and Hutton — Modern progress of the science
CHAPTER V.
Prepossessions in regard to the duration of past time, and other causes which have retarded the progress of Geology
CHAPTER VI.
Agreement of the ancient and modern course of nature considered — Changes of climate
CHAPTERS VII. VIII.
Causes of vicissitudes in climate, and their connection with changes in physical geography
CHAPTER IX.
Theory of the progressive development of organic life at successive periods considered — Modern origin of Man
CHAPTER X
Supposed intensity of aqueous forces at remote periods — Erratic blocks — Deluges
CHAPTER XI.
Supposed former intensity of the igneous forces — Upheaval of land — Volcanic action
CHAPTER XII.
Causes of the difference in texture of older and newer rocks — Plutonic and Metamorphic. action
CHAPTER XIII.
Supposed alternate periods of repose and disorder — Opposite doctrine, which refers geological phenomena to an uninterrupted series of changes in the organic and inorganic world, unattended with general catastrophes, or the development of paroxysmal forces
BOOK II. (Chapters XIV. to XXXII.)
observed changes in the inorganic world now in progress: first, the effects of aqueous causes, such as rivers, springs, glaciers, waves, tides, and currents; secondly, of igneous causes, or subterranean heat, as exhibited in the volcano and the earthquake.
CHAPTER XIV.
Aqueous causes — Excavating and transporting power of rivers
CHAPTER XV
Carrying power of river-ice — Glaciers and Icebergs
CHAPTER XVI.
Phenomena of springs
CHAPTER XVII
Reproductive effects of rivers — Deltas of lakes and inland seas
CHAPTER XVIII.
Deltas of the Mississippi, Ganges, and other rivers exposed to tidal action
CHAPTERS XIX. XX. XXI.
Denuding, transporting, and depositing agency of the waves, tides, and currents — Waste of sea-cliffs on the coast of England — Delta of the Rhine — Deposition of sediment under the influence of marine currents
CHAPTER XXII.
Observed effects of igneous causes — Regions of active volcanoes
CHAPTERS XXIII. XXIV.
History of the volcanic eruptions of the district round Naples — Structure of Vesuvius — Herculaneum and Pompeii
CHAPTER XXV.
Etna — Its eruptions — Structure and antiquity of the cone
CHAPTER XXVI.
Volcanoes of Iceland, Mexico, the Canaries, and Grecian Archipelago — Mud volcanoes
CHAPTER XXVII.
Earthquakes and the permanent changes attending them
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Earthquake of 1783 in Calabria
CHAPTER XXIX.
Elevation and subsidence of dry land, and of the bed of the sea during earthquakes — Evidence of the same afforded by the Temple of Serapis near Naples
CHAPTER XXX.
Elevation and subsidence of land in regions free from volcanoes and earthquakes — Rising of land in Sweden
CHAPTERS XXXI. XXXII.
Causes of earthquakes and volcanoes — Theory of central fluidity of the earth — Chemical theory of volcanoes — Causes of permanent upheaval and depression of land ,
BOOK III. (Chapters XXXIII to L.)
observed changes of the organic world now in progress; first, nature and geographical distribution of species, and theories respecting their creation and extinction; secondly, the influence of organic beings in modifying physical geography; thirdly, the laws according to which they are imbedded in volcanic, freshwater, and marine deposits.
CHAPTERS XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI.
Whether species have a real existence in nature — Theory of transmutation of species — Variability of species — Phenomena of hybrids in animals and plants , , ,
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Laws which regulate the geographical distribution of species — Distinct provinces of peculiar species of plants — Their mode of diffusion
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