Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System

by Italo Biaggioni (Editor), Kirsteen Browning (Editor), Gregory Fink (Editor), Jens Jordan (Editor), Phillip A. Low (Editor)

Overview

Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System, Fourth Edition provides a concise and accessible overview of autonomic neuroscience for students, scientists, and clinicians. The book's 142 chapters draw on the expertise of more than 215 basic scientists and clinicians who discuss key information on how the autonomic nervous system controls the body, particularly in response to stress. This new edition also focuses on the translational crossover between basic and clinical research. In addition to comprehensively covering all aspects of autonomic physiology and pathology, topics such as psychopharmacology decoding and modulating nerve function are also explored.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780323854924
Publisher:	Elsevier Science
Publication date:	12/09/2022
Edition description:	4th ed.
Pages:	882
Product dimensions:	8.50(w) x 10.88(h) x (d)

About the Author

Dr. Biaggioni has almost 40 years’ experience investigating the interaction between neural (autonomic) metabolic (renin- angiotensin, insulin) and local (adenosine, nitric oxide) factors involved in cardiovascular regulation. He has had continued NIH funding that has resulted in over 330 peer-reviewed publications. Dr. Biaggioni directs the Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, a multidisciplinary program dedicated to applying clinical research to development novel treatment strategies. His group has discovered 4 novel congenital autonomic disorders and has participated in the development of new medications, have repurposed many approved drugs, and developed novel devices.

Dr. Kirsteen Browning is a Professor of Neural and Behavioral Science at Penn State University. She is also Associate Director of the MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program. Her research interest is in the regulation of gastrointestinal vagal neurocircuits and vagally mediated peripheral sensation and signaling.

Dr. Gregory Fink is a Professor in Pharmacology and Toxicology at Michigan State University. His research continues to concern central and peripheral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation in hypertension, but other important interests are the renin-angiotensin system, endothelin and the role of venous function and body fluid volume distribution in control of blood pressure. Fink has served on the executive committee and as treasurer for the Inter-American Society of Hypertension, as chairman of the National Institutes of Health, or NIH , Experimental Cardiovascular Sciences Study Section and he just recently finished a two-year term as chair of the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension.

Jens Jordan is Head of the Institute of Aerospace Medicine at the German Aerospace Center and the University of Cologne in Germany. Previously, he directed the Institute for Clinical pharmacology at Hannover Medical School. His group pursues cardiovascular control mechanisms and molecular mechanisms responsible for premature cardiovascular and metabolic disease in human beings. The overall goal is to find ways of extending the healthy lifespan on earth and in space.

Dr. Phillip Low is a Neurologist at the Mayo Clinic focusing on Autonomic Disorders. Phillip A. Low, M.D. has a long-standing research focus on clinical and laboratory research into the cause and treatment of autonomic disorders. Efforts have been concentrated on following major areas: multiple system atrophy; development of novel biomarkers and tests and instruments to study autonomic disorders; diagnosis and treatment of autonomic neuropathies; conducting randomized clinical trials. Dr. Low's research has been continuously funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for over the past 30 years.

Professor Paton is the Director of Manaaki Manawa – the Centre for Heart Research in Auckland. Through modulation of the autonomic nervous system, his research aims to inform new potential ways to control blood pressure in the condition of hypertension and to alleviate heart failure and sleep apnoea. He uses an inter-disciplinary approach involving mathematical modelling, pre-clinical and first-in-human studies incorporating novel drugs and device based therapeutic strategies.

Table of Contents

Contributors xi

Preface xix

Acknowledgments xxi

I Introduction

1 Evolution of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in vertebrates Tobias Wang Renato Filogonio William Joyce 3

2 Central autonomic control Kamal Shouman Eduardo E. Benarroch 11

3 Peripheral autonomic nervous system Waqar Waheed Margaret A. Vizzard 17

II Biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms

4 Noradrenergic neurotransmission David S. Goldstein 33

5 Antidepressant-sensitive norepinephrine transporters: structure and regulation Maureen K. Hahn 39

6 α₁-Adrenergic receptors Xenia Kaidonis Marion C. Mohl Robert M. Graham 43

7 Alpha₂-adrenergic receptors Eduardo Listik Qin Wang 49

8 β-Adrenergic receptors Vsevolod V. Gurevich 53

9 Dopaminergic neurotransmission Graeme Eisenhofer Timo Siepmann Heinz Reichmann 57

10 Dopamine receptors Sean M. Peterson Nikhil Urs Marc G. Caron 63

11 Cholinergic neurotransmission Brett A. English Carrie K. Jones 67

12 Acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors Katharina Brandl Nora Laiken 73

13 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic nervous system Ursula H. Winzer-Serhan 77

14 Neuropeptide Y and the autonomic nervous system Calum Robertson David J. Paterson Neil Herring 81

15 Serotonin receptors Charles D. Nichols 89

16 Purinergic neurotransmission and nucleotide receptors Samuel J. Fountain 93

17 Nitric oxide and the autonomic nervous system Alfredo Gamboa 99

18 Glutamatergic neurotransmission Deborah Bauer Michael B. Robinson 103

19 Pharmacology: GABAergic neurotransmission Kirill A. Zavalin Andre H. Lagrange 109

20 Renin-angiotensin Amy C. Arnold Debra I. Diz 113

21 Aldosterone, the mineralocorticoid receptor, and sympathetic nervous system Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez 119

22 Vasopressin in central autonomic regulation Soledad Barez-Lopez David Murphy Nina Japundzic-Zigon 123

23 Calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin Ambrish Kumar Jay D. Potts Donald J. Dipette 129

24 Leptin signaling and energy homeostasis Michael M. Scott Kevin W. Williams 135

25 The endothelin system Nathanne S. Ferreira Ernesto L. Schiffrin 141

26 Pharmacology of the neurotransmission of the baro- and chemoreflex in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius David D. Kline Benedito H. Machado Daniela Accorsi-Mendonça 147

III Autonomic physiology

27 Rhythms in sympathetic nerve activity Susan M. Barman 157

28 Circadian rhythms and autonomic function Diego A. Golombék Daniel E. Vigo 161

29 Cardiorespiratory interactions in health and disease Daniel B. Zoccal Benedito H. Machado Davi J.A. Moraes 165

30 Baroreceptor reflexes Mark W. Chapleau 171

31 Cardiac and other visceral afferents Han-Jun Wang Joseph Hadaya Jeffrey L. Ardell 179

32 Sympathetic control of the heart Jakub Tomek Neil Herring David J. Paterson 185

33 Cardiac vagal ganglia David J. Adams Jesse L. Ashton Johanna M. Montgomery 193

34 Physiology of the upright posture Wouter Wieleng Victoria E. Claydon 199

35 Cerebral circulation Ronald Schondorf 203

36 Autonomic control of the pupil Karen M. Joos Reid Longmuir 209

37 Gastrointestinal function Michael Camilleri 213

38 Extrinsic control of gastrointestinal function Kirsteen N. Browning R. Alberto Travagli 219

39 The splanchnic circulation Gregory D. Fink John W. Osborn 223

40 Autonomic control of the kidney Edwin Kerry Jackson 227

41 Autonomic control of the lower urinary tract Takeya Kitta Naoki Yoshimura 235

42 Bladder function in health and disease Marcus J. Drake Brian A. Parsons 241

43 Physiology and pathophysiology of female sexual function Max J. Hilz Ruihao Wang 247

44 Regulation of sweating Elizabeth A. Coon Phillip A. Low 253

45 Autonomic innervation of the skeleton Florent Elefteriou Preston J. Campbell Maria-Bernadette Madel 257

46 Regulation of metabolism by the autonomic nervous system Christopher Bell 263

47 Sex differences in autonomic function Qi Fu 267

48 Autonomic control during pregnancy Virginia L. Brooks 273

49 Aging and the autonomic nervous system Ralf Habermann Italo Biaggioni 279

50 Autonomic function in sleep and sleep deprivation Ian M. Greenlund Jason R. Carter 283

51 Telemetric autonomic monitoring Carolyn J. Barrett Sarah-Jane Guild Fiona D. McBryde 287

IV Autonomic response to environmental challenges

52 Exercise Meredith Bryarly Qi Fu Benjamin D. Levine 295

53 Psychological stress and the autonomic nervous system Viktor Oubaid 301

54 Hypoglycemia Italo Biaggioni 305

55 Autonomic response to hypovolemic shock Victor A. Convertino Natalie J. Koons 309

56 Physiology of thermoregulation; central and peripheral mechanisms Nisha Charkoudian Shaun F. Morrison 315

57 Effects of high altitude Ulrich Limper 323

58 Space physiology Gilles Clément Scott Wood 329

59 Noise, air pollution, and the autonomic nervous system Jens Jordan Eva-Maria Elmenhorst 333

V Pathophysiological mechanisms

60 The autonomic inflammatory reflex Robin M. McAllen Michael J. McKinley Davide Martelli 341

61 Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress Rhian M. Touyz Livia L. Camargo 345

62 Insulin resistance and the autonomic nervous system Alfredo Gamboa Italo Biaggioni Elisabeth Lambert 353

63 Salt sensitivity of blood pressure Cheryl L. Laffer Fernando Elijovich 357

64 Airway afferent nerves Joyce S. Kim Bradley J. Undem 367

VI Evaluation of autonomic function

65 Clinical evaluation of autonomic disorders Paola Sandroni 375

66 Autonomic function testing Wolfgang Singer Phillip A. Low 379

67 Tilt table testing Brennan A. Ballantyne Satish R. Raj 385

68 Patient symptom and rating scales: OHQ, COMPASS, UMSARS Wolfgang Singer 391

69 Sympathetic microneurography and clinical applications Vaughan G. Macefield 395

70 Assessment of the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system by a frequency domain approach Andre Diedrich Raffaello Furlan 403

71 Evaluation of sudomotor function Elizabeth A. Coon 409

72 Plasma catechols David S. Goldstein 415

73 Imaging cortical and subcortical sites involved in cardiovascular control Vaughan G. Macefield Luke A. Henderson 421

74 Clinical sympathetic neuroimaging Guillaume Lamotte David S. Goldstein 427

75 Cutaneous autonomic innervation: assessment by skin biopsy Christopher H. Gibbons 433

76 Sympatho-effector transduction James P. Fisher Lauro C. Vianna Paul J. Fadel 439

VII Cardiovascular disorders

77 Neurally mediated syncope (Autonomically mediated syncope) Brennan A. Ballantyne Satish R. Raj 447

78 Otthostatic hypotension Italo Biaggioni 453

79 Spectrum of orthostatic hypotension Wolfgang Singer Phillip A. Low 457

80 Baroreflex failure Jens Jordan 461

81 Essential hypertension Gino Seravalle Guido Grassi 467

82 Obesity-associated hypertension Alfredo Gamboa Luis E. Okamoto Cyndya A. Shibao Italo Biaggioni 471

83 Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma Christina Pamporaki Jacques W.M. Lenders Graeme Eisenhofer 475

84 Autonomic dysfunction in heart failure Mark B. Badrov John S. Floras 483

85 Myocardial stunning and takotsubo cardiomyopathy Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann 489

86 The autonomic nervous system and cardiac arrhythmias Aadhavi Sridharan Peter Hanna Kalyanam Shivkumar 495

VIII Congenital autonomic disorders

87 Deficiencies of tetrahydrobiopterin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Keith Hyland Lauren A. Hyland 503

88 Congenital disorders of noradrenergic neurotransmission Italo Biaggioni Emily M. Garland Cyndya A. Shibao 507

89 Monoamine oxidase deficiency Jacques W.M. Lenders Graeme Eisenhofer 513

90 Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) and PHOX2B pathogenic variants Debra E. Weese-Mayer Casey M. Rand Kai Lee Yap 515

91 Hereditary autonomic neuropathies Kamal Shouman 521

92 Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome) Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann Horacio Kaufmann 527

IX Autonomic synucleinopathies

93 α-Synuclein and neurodegeneration Nadia Stefanova 535

94 Multiple system atrophy Guillaume Lamotte Elizabeth A. Coon 539

95 Parkinson disease John Y. Fang 549

96 Dementia with Lewy bodies Fabian Leys Alessandra Fanciulli Gregor K. Wenning 553

97 Pure autonomic failure Horacio Kaufmann David S. Goldstein 559

X Peripheral autonomic disorders

98 Small fiber neuropathy Amanda C. Peltier 565

99 Diabetic autonomic dysfunction Amanda C. Peltier Stephen N. Davis 569

100 Amyloidosis and autonomic failure Pitcha Chompoopong Michelle L. Mauermann 575

101 Autoimmune autonomic syndromes Steven Vernino Phillip A. Low 585

102 Paraneoplastic autonomic dysfunction Andrew McKeon Jennifer A. Tracy 591

103 Autonomic disturbances following spinal cord injury Christopher J. Mathias David A. Low Victoria E. Claydon 599

104 Drug-induced autonomic dysfunction Amr Wahba James M. Luther 607

XI Autonomic syndromes

105 Postural tachycardia syndrome. Pathophysiological mechanisms Italo Biaggioni Julian Stewart 613

106 Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) Guillaume Lamotte Phillip A. Low 619

07 Joint hypermobility and dysautonomia Mohammed Ruzieh Blair P. Grubb 623

108 Mast cell activation and autonomic disorders John M. Fahrenholz, II Cyndya A. Shibao 627

109 Chronic fatigue syndrome and the autonomic nervous system Lauren E. Stiles Luis E. Okamoto 631

XII Special clinical conditions

110 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Amy E. Brown Andrew Giritharan Fenna T. Phibbs 637

111 Migraine and autonomic nervous system Pietro Cortelli Umberto Pensato Giulia Pierangeli 641

112 Autonomic regulation in epilepsy Dmitry Zhuravlev Alla Guekht Max J. Hilz 645

113 Autonomic complications of acute brain injury and stroke Alejandro A. Rabinstein 651

114 Sleep apnea Thomas Konecny Virend Somers 657

115 Panic disorder: Autonomic nervous mechanisms of risk Murray Esler Gavin Lambert David Kaye Elisabeth Lambert Rosemary Esler Ling Guo Marlies Alvarenga 663

116 Disorders of sweating Elizabeth A. Coon Robert D. Fealey 671

117 Complex regional pain syndrome Wilfrid Jänig 679

118 Abdominal pain and cyclic vomiting Gisela Chelimsky Thomas C. Chelimsky 685

119 Male erectile dysfunction Douglas F. Milam 691

XIII Management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension

120 Management of orthostatic hypotension, Introduction Italo Biaggioni 699

121 Physical measures Wouter Wieling Roland D. Thijs 705

122 Dietary sodium and fludrocortisone Cyndya A. Shibao Italo Biaggioni Rose Marie Robertson 709

123 Water and the osmopressor response Jens Jordan 713

124 Midodrine Jose-Alberto Palma Horacio Kaufmann 717

125 Droxidopa Jose-Alberto Palma Horacio Kaufmann 721

126 Pyridostigmine in autonomic disorders Guillaume Lamotte Phillip A. Low Wolfgang Singer 729

127 Norepinephrine transporter inhibitors in autonomic disorders Cyndya A. Shibao 733

128 Acarbose and octreotide for the treatment of postprandial hypotension Cyndya A. Shibao 737

129 Management of supine hypertension in patients with autonomic failure Luis E. Okamoto Italo Biaggioni 741

130 Anesthetic considerations in patients with autonomic dysfunction John R. Shannon 747

131 Chronic constitutional hypotension Giris Jacob Raffaello Furlan 753

XIV Autonomic neuromodulation as a treatment strategy

132 Renal denervation as therapeutic intervention Murray Esler Gavin Lambert Elisabeth Lambert Ling Guo Markus Schlaich 759

133 Baroreflex amplification by carotid sinus stimulation Jens Jordan Jens Tank 767

134 Targeting carotid body chemoreceptors as a therapeutic intervention Emma N. Bardsley Harold D. Schultz Piotr Niewinski Julian F.R. Paton 771

135 Bionic baroreflex Takayuki Sato André Diedrich Kenji Sunagawa 779

136 Therapeutic targeting of splanchnic nerves Abu Baker Sheikh Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas Marat Fudim 785

XV Novel approaches in autonomic neuroscience

137 Modeling the autonomic nervous system Alona Ben-Tal 795

138 Optogenetics: application to central autonomic regulatory pathways Andrew M. Allen Clément Menuet 801

139 Mapping the autonomic nervous system: the SPARC project Mahyar Osanlouy Mabelle Lin Ellas Soltani Peter Hunter 807

140 Autonomic nervous system-gut-microbiome axis in chronic diseases Jasenka Zubcevic Mohan K. Raizada 815

141 Novel fluid biomarkers in synucleinopathies Wolfgang Singer Phillip A. Low 821

142 Novel disease-modifying treatments for synucleinopathies Wolfgang Singer Jose-Alberto Palma Horacio Kaufmann Phillip A. Low 825

Index 831

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

Concise and accessible overview of autonomic neuroscience for students, scientists and clinicians

Editorial Reviews

Reviewer: Heping Sheng, MD (Thomas Jefferson University)
Description: This book provides an updated overview of the autonomic nervous system, starting with basic biochemistry and physiology, followed by its involvement in a variety of disorders and areas of future research and therapeutics. This fourth edition is an update to the previous version, which was published in 2011.
Purpose: The book strives to provide an updated, inclusive, and accessible overview of the autonomic nervous system in health and disease while offering key references for more in-depth information. Covering a lesser understood and actively researched area of biomedical science, this is a worthy endeavor to make new findings available to a wider audience.
Audience: With contributions from a long list of content experts, the book explicitly targets a diverse audience, including students, scientists, and clinicians, and achieves a good balance of translational science, pathophysiology, and clinical pearls. Its comprehensive nature makes the book suitable as a text for students learning about the autonomic nervous system or a reference for practitioners of science and medicine looking for continued education or a refresher on workup and management of specific diseases.
Features: The book is organized into 15 sections, each containing several chapters that cover different aspects of a broad topic. It introduces the biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms of the autonomic nervous system, with each chapter examining one neurotransmitter system. The subsequent chapters outline the physiology behind different functions of the autonomic nervous system, such as temperature regulation. After a section on clinical evaluation of autonomic symptoms, the remainder of the book largely focuses on how the autonomic nervous system is involved in several different conditions ranging from common disorders like diabetes to rare diseases like congenital causes of dysautonomia. The book ends with an overview of upcoming novel therapeutics and research methods. Each chapter is structured like a mini review article, complete with color figures and tables that summarize key content and a reference section for suggested further reading. Compared to prior editions, the book provides up-to-date information and an added emphasis on upcoming research.
Assessment: This book is a concise yet comprehensive guide for anyone with a biology background interested in learning more about the autonomic nervous system, a key aspect of human physiology that profoundly impacts health and disease but remains a challenging area of medicine regarding diagnosis and management.

Doody's Review Service

3 Stars from Doody

This book is an update of the autonomic nervous system. "The purpose is to present to neuroscientists a review of the autonomic nervous system. "The audience includes neuroscientists, neurologists, anesthesiologists, neurosurgeons, internists, and pharmacists. "This book contains an excellent review of the autonomic nervous system. The references are appropriate and pertinent. "This book is an excellent review of the autonomic nervous system. This book represents a great effort on the part of the American Autonomic Society to educate students and scientists on the autonomic nervous system.

Manuel Dujovny