Prescription Drug Abuse: A Reference Handbook

Prescription Drug Abuse: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton
Prescription Drug Abuse: A Reference Handbook

Prescription Drug Abuse: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton

Hardcover

$66.00 
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Overview

This outstanding resource guide for students and young adults provides an introduction to the history of prescription drug abuse that explains how this problem has arisen and examines the social, political, economic, and health issues associated with prescription drug abuse in modern society.

Evidence suggests that both adults and youth are abusing a wider range of prescription drugs and abusing them more frequently than has been the case in the past. Prescription drugs are the second most common class of drugs abused by Americans, more than twice as commonly abused as cocaine, and five times as commonly abused as heroin. This book provides readers with information about the specific health effects that can result from using certain types of medical chemicals, particularly opioid analgesics, stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogenics; explains the most important factors that have led to the growth of prescription drug problems; and reviews the current status of the issue in the United States and other nations.

Readers will learn about the dangers associated with the use of prescription drugs for nonmedical purposes, the methods that have been put in place and are being developed to prevent the abuse of prescription drugs, and the trends in prescription drug misuse, with possible explanations for these trends. The book also reviews some of the steps being taken by governments and other organizations and agencies to combat the problem of prescription drug abuse.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781440839788
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 12/07/2015
Series: Contemporary World Issues
Pages: 392
Product dimensions: 6.30(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.30(d)

About the Author

David E. Newton, EdD, has been a freelance writer of nonfiction books and ancillary materials for young adults for nearly 55 years.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii

1 Background and History 3

Drug Use in the Ancient World 5

A Short History of Opium 10

A Multitude of Opium Products 13

Laudanum 13

Morphine 16

Other Natural Opiates 19

Semisynthetic Opioids 20

Synthetic Opioids 23

Rising Concerns about the Opioids 24

Opium Addiction among the Chinese and Other Immigrants 25

Opium Addiction among Women 27

Opium Availability 29

Patent Medicines 30

Legislative Responses 32

Controlled Substance Act of 1970 40

The Evolution of Prescription Drugs 41

Prescription Drugs in the 21st Century 45

Conclusion 49

References 50

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 69

Demographics 71

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs: Statistics 71

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs: Mortality and Morbidity Data 76

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs: First-Time Use 79

The International Scene 80

Misused Prescription Drugs 82

Opioids 84

Stimulants 88

CNS Depressants 92

Over-the-Counter Medications 94

Prevention 97

The Etiology of Prescriprion Drug Abuse 98

Sources of Prescription Drugs 101

Prevention Programs 104

Tracking and Monitoring 109

Proper Medication Disposal 111

Enforcement 112

Treatment 115

Opioids 116

Stimulants and Depressants 118

Summary and Conclusion 118

References 119

3 Perspectives 131

State Efforts to Curb the Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic: Carmen A. Catizone 131

Communicative Behavior: Nicholas E. Hagemeier 136

A Perfect Storm for Prescription Drug Misuse: Kenneth M. Hale 140

Prescription Drug Abuse: Ginger Katz 145

The Dangers of Smart Drugs: College Students' Prescription Drug Addiction: Troy Keslar 148

Fighting Prescription Opioid Abuse Shouldn't Increase Pain for Patients: Srinivas Nalamachu 151

Prescription Drugs and the Brain: Maia Pujara 156

Can Information Technology Help Curb Prescription Drug Abuse?: Jeremy Summers 160

4 Profiles 167

Alliance for Safe Online Pharmacies 167

American Society of Addiction Medicine 169

AwarXE 172

Hale Boggs (1914-1972/1973) 175

Mary Bono (1961-) 176

Center for Lawful Access and Abuse Deterrence 178

Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America 180

Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859) 183

Drug Enforcement Administration 185

Carl Durham (1892-1974) 187

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction 190

Francis B. Harrison (1873-1957) 191

Felix Hoffmann (1868-1946) 193

Hubert Humphrey (1911-1978) 194

The Medicine Abuse Project 197

Mothers against Prescription Drug Abuse 199

The National Alliance of Advocates for Buprenorphine Treatment 200

National Association of State Controlled Substances Authorities 202

National Coalition Against Prescription Drug Abuse 204

National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc. 205

National Council on Patient Information and Education 207

National Institute on Drug Abuse 209

Nope Task Force 212

Office of National Drug Control Policy 213

Pain Therapy Access Physicians Working Group 216

PhRMA, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America 217

Harold ("Hal") Rogers (1937-) 218

Friedrich Sertürner (1783-1841) 220

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 221

Charles E. Terry (1878-1945) 224

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 227

Hamilton Wright (1867-1917) 229

5 Data and Documents 233

Data 233

Table 5.1 Prescription Drug Overdose Death Rates by Selected Characteristics (2008) 233

Table 5.2 Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic Drug in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 and Over, by Age, Sex, Race, and Race/Ethnicity: United States, Selected Years 2002-2012 (Percentage of Population) 234

Table 5.3 Rates of Drug Overdose Death, Nonmedical Use of Opioid Pain Relievers (OPR), and OPR Sales, by State (2008) 235

Table 5.4 Death Rates for Drug Poisoning and Drug Poisoning Involving Opioid Analgesics, by Sex, Age, Race, and Race/Ethnicity: United States, Selected Years 1999-2010 (Drug Poisoning Deaths Involving Opioid Analgesics per 100,000 Resident Population) 237

Table 5.5 Emergency Department (ED) Visits Involving Nonmedical Use of Pharmaceuticals, by Selected Drugs 2011 238

Table 5.6 Trends in Annual Prevalence of Use of Various Drug for Grades 8, 10, and 12 Combined (as Percentages) 241

Table 5.7 Trends in Harmfulness of Drugs as Perceived by 12th Graders (as Percentages) 241

Documents 242

Opium Exclusion Act of 1909 242

Harrison Narcotic Act (1914) 243

United States v, Jin Fuey Moy (1916) 245

United States v. Doremus (1919) 245

Webb v. United States (1919) 245

Durham-Humphrey Amendment (1951) 249

Controlled Substances Act (1970) 250

Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008 255

Prescription Monitoring Program. State of Oregon (2009) 258

Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-273, 124 Stat. 2858) 260

Between Peril and Promise: Facing the Dangers of VA's Skyrocketing Use of Prescription Painkillers to Treat Veterans (2013) 262

Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (2014) 264

State Doctor Shopping Laws 267

6 Resources 271

7 Chronology 313

8 Glossary 325

Index 331

About the Author 369

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