Pregnancy and Birth: A Reference Handbook

by Keisha L. Goode, Barbara Katz Rothman

Overview

Pregnancy and Birth: A Reference Handbook provides students with information too often ignored in sex education—on what pregnancy and birth are, have been, and can be as transformative personal and social events.

Pregnancy and Birth: A Reference Handbook is a person-centered reference book on pregnancy and childbirth in the United States. The medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth is a theme; however, primary emphasis is on the historical and contemporary significance of the Midwifery Model of Care and how that can improve outcomes for all.

The volume opens with a background and history of the topic, followed by a chapter on related problems, controversies, and solutions. A Perspectives chapter contains essays from a variety of individuals who are invested in the topic of pregnancy and birth. The remaining chapters provide students with additional information, such as profiles, data and documents, resources, a chronology, and a glossary. This book is accessible to high school and college-level researchers, as well as general-interest readers curious about the topic.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781440869228
Publisher:	ABC-CLIO, Incorporated
Publication date:	06/18/2021
Series:	Contemporary World Issues
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	323
File size:	3 MB

About the Author

Keisha L. Goode, PhD, is visiting assistant professor of sociology at the State University of New York College at Old Westbury.

Barbara Katz Rothman, PhD, is professor of sociology at the City University of New York and Fulbright-Saastamoinen Foundation Distinguished Chair in Health Sciences at the University of Eastern Finland.

Table of Contents

Preface xv

1 Background and History 3

Introduction 3

Part I The Development of the Fetal Patient 3

Part II Birthing Practices 7

Conclusion 22

References 22

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 29

Introduction 29

Indigenous Peoples' Birth Outcomes 29

Historical Context 30

Indigenous Health Care 31

Social Factors Impacting Indigenous Health 32

Transgender Peoples' Birth Experiences 33

Respectful, Affirmative Care for LGBTQ People 36

Professionalization of Caring 37

Media Representations of Pregnancy and Birth 43

Perinatal Health Care System Cost 48

Every Baby Counts 53

Reproductive Justice 54

Conclusion 55

References 56

3 Perspectives, 65

Perinatal Loss Meagan Lyon Leimena 65

Adoption Barbara Katz Rothman 69

Surrogacy Renate Klein 73

Disability and Pregnancy April B. Coughlin 79

Empathy, Pregnancy, and Mental Health Jozette Belmont 87

Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy: Health Consequences and Social Causes Jennifer Leigh 93

Certified Professional Midwives: Leveraging Policy to Improve Health Mary Lawlor

Equity in Midwifery Indra Wood Lusero 106

Labor and Postpartum Doula Support: How Doulas Help the Transitions of Pregnancy Childbirth, and the Postpartum Time and Why They Are Important Kristy Zadrozny 111

Gender and Consumption Alec Call 117

4 Profiles 127

People, General 127

Apgar, Virginia (1909-1974) 127

Callen, Maude E. (1898-1990) 128

DeLee, Joseph (1869-1942) 130

Friedman, Emanuel (1927-) 131

Gaskin, Ina May (1940-) 132

Joseph, Jennie (1959-) 133

Kitzinger, Sheila (1929-2015) 135

Lawlor, Mary 136

Loftman Patricia O. (1949-) 137

Monroe, Shark 138

Myers, Suzy(1949-) 140

Sanger, Margaret (1879-1966) 141

Sims, J. Marion (1813-1883) 143

Smith, Margaret Charles (1906-2004) 144

Stoney, George C. (1916-2012) 145

Social Scientists Studying Birth 147

Davis-Floyd, Robbie (1951-) 147

Anthropologist 147

Jordan, Brigitte (1938-2016), Anthropologist 148

Raphael, Dana (1926-2016), Anthropologist 150

Roberts, Dorothy (1956-), Sociologist and Law Scholar 150

Roberts, Lynn, Public Health Scholar 151

Rothman, Barbara Katz (1948-), Sociologist 152

Stoller Shaw, Nancy (1942-), Sociologist 153

Organizations 154

American College of Nurse-Midwives 154

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 155

American Public Health Association 155

Black Mamas Matter Alliance 156

Black "Women's Health Imperative 157

Elephant Circle 159

In Our Own Voice 159

La Leche League 161

March for Moms 162

March of Dimes 163

Midwives Alliance of North America 164

National Advocates for Pregnant Women 165

National Association of Certified Professional Midwives 167

National Association to Advance Black Birth 168

National Birth Equity Collaborative 169

National Black Midwives Alliance 169

Our Bodies Ourselves 170

Planned Parenthood 171

5 Data and Documents 175

Live Births Data 175

Births and Fertility Rate 175

First Birth Rate 176

Infant Mortality Rate 176

Figure 5.1 Infant Mortality Rate by Race and Ethnicity, 2016 177

Figure 5.2 Infant Mortality Rate by State, 2018 178

Maternal Mortality Rate by Race/Ethnicity 178

Figure 5.3 Maternal Mortality Rate by Race/ Ethnicity, 2007-2016 180

Birth Rate by State/Region 181

Cesarean Rate 182

Source of Payment 182

Period of Gestation 183

Birthweight 184

Multiple Births 185

Abortion/Termination 187

Pregnancy Loss Data 188

Stillbirth 188

Miscarriage 189

Provider Data 189

Midwifery Workforce 189

Figure 5.4 Births Attended by Midwives, 2005-2018 190

Table 5.1 Births by Attendant, Place of Delivery, and Race/and Hispanic Origin of Mother: United States, 2018 192

Obstetrics-Gynecology Workforce 194

Figure 5.5 Estimated Change in Demand for Perinatal and Women's Health Services, 2020 196

Formative Research 197

Strong Start for Mothers and Newborns Initiative, 2012-2016 197

Table 5.2 Outcomes for Strong Start Participants Relative to Similar Medicaid Participants 198

The Giving Voice to Mothers Study and the Mothers on Respect Index 199

Figure 5.6 Mistreatment by Care Providers in Childbirth 202

Mapping Integration of Midwives across the United States 203

Figure 5.7 Mapping of Integration of Midwives in the United States 204

Evidence-Based Doula Care 206

Documents 207

The Sheppard-Towner Act (1921) 207

Childbirth Connection Blueprint for Action (2010) 209

Improving Access to Maternity Care Act (2017) 211

Black Maternal Health Momnibus Act (2020) 213

Organizational Commitments to Equity 221

National Association of Certified Professional Midwives 221

American College of Nurse-Midwives 223

6 Resources 227

Books 227

Articles 245

Reports 261

Internet Resources and Mixed Media 264

7 Chronology 275

Glossary 291

Index 297

Editorial Reviews

A thoughtful look at issues confronting pregnant Americans.” —Library Jourbanal

“This is a source that will interest those involved in public health, women's health, and health policy. Academic and health-sciences libraries will want to add it to their collections.” —Booklist

From the Publisher

★ 09/01/2021

Goode (sociology, State Univ. of New York, Old Westbury) and Rothman (sociology, City Univ. of New York) provide a well-organized overview of the history of pregnancy and birth in the United States, with topics such as midwifery; doulas; physician care; natural childbirth; the experiences of Indigenous peoples and the LGBTQIA+ community, including transgender people; media representations; and perinatal health care costs. Data and primary documents include the Sheppard-Towner Act and the Black Maternal Health Momnibus. A chronology details the move from community-based care to professionalized medical-based care. Profiles highlight 22 individuals (Margaret Sanger, Virginia Apgar) and 18 organizations (La Leche League, Planned Parenthood). Ten signed essays share experiences of miscarriage, adoption, surrogacy, abuse, and more. It would have been beneficial to include an essay on abortion, though it is mentioned in the miscarriage discussion. Similar titles focus on the practical rather than broader pregnancy concerns. VERDICT A thoughtful look at issues confronting pregnant Americans. Will appeal to readers who work in think tanks, those involved with public health, and premed, nursing, midwife, and doula students.—Laurie Selwyn, formerly at Grayson Cty. Law Lib., Sherman, TX

Library Journal