Table of Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Preface viii
Introduction ix
1 A rationale for outdoor play in early childhood education and care 1
Children's voices 1
Can you remember? 2
What are children's views? 4
Changing landscapes 6
Children's health 7
An environment for all kinds of learning 9
Gender issues 10
2 The place of the garden in the historical development of early childhood education 13
Friedrich Froebel 15
Margaret McMillan 16
Susan Isaacs 17
The historical tradition of play 18
3 Perspectives on young children and outdoor play 21
Psychological perspectives 22
Geographical perspectives 33
Sociological perspectives 35
Playwork perspectives 37
Outdoor play decisions 39
Programme structure 40
1- and 2-year-old quarrels: managing conflict 43
Unpredictable weather 46
All kinds of weather 49
Messy play 54
Gender 56
Inclusion 60
Listening to children 64
Health and safety 68
5 Planning an outdoor curriculum in the early years 73
Curriculum frameworks internationally 75
The observation and planning cycle 81
Long-term planning: designing the outdoor space 82
Defining spaces 84
Long-term planning: areas of provision 86
Evaluating long-term plans 96
Medium-term planning for outdoor learning 98
Short-term planning for outdoor learning 104
The adult role 106
6 Outdoor learning in early-years curricula internationally 115
The Villetta pre-school in Reggio Emilia 116
Forest Schools 117
Growing Schools in England 119
Sources of advice, guidance and support 121
References 123
Index 131