Table of Contents
Introduction: The vital importance of play for all ages xiii
Part 1 Play and You
1 Play and pleasure: which is which? 3
2 Playing to learn 11
Copying and attunement 11
Testing 16
Evolving play 20
3 What is a game? 27
What makes a game good to play? 29
Do the opposite 32
Trends in play 34
4 Why don't we play (more)? 39
The dark side of play: Cheats, spoilsports and crazy stuff 40
The right to play 45
Play, power and identity 47
Choosing homogenous vs diverse societies 50
The challenge of joining in 53
Impostor syndrome 54
5 Easing yourself back into play 57
Making time 59
Adopting a play mindset 64
What sort of player are you? 67
Part 2 Play and the City
6 Play and pleasure 75
Pleasure and the city; Gardens and girls 76
Play and the Proto-city 79
7 Play in the city over time 83
Happy cities - the new urban ideal 108
The city: A lovely place to visit, a lovely place to leave 113
8 Winners and losers 115
The oppressed: Slaves, immigrants, minorities, and the poor 115
The excluded 120
Women in the city 121
Kids in the city: Angels 123
Youth in the city: Devils 126
9 Conceptualising the city as a game (that is good to play) 131
Key places for a playful city 135
Linking it all up 149
10 Planning the playful city 153
Is your city playful? 158
Playful cities for everyone 162
The best cities are complex and contradictory 174
Part 3 Playing the City
11 How you can bring more play into the city 183
Enjoy the city 184
Attunement or finding your place in the city 185
The city as a place to test new experiences 188
Observing mastery in the city 189
Joining in 190
Making an offer 193
Adopting a (new) identity in the city 196
12 Reconnecting to nature in the city 199
Water 199
Snow 202
Hills, mountains and volcanoes 203
Natural rhythms 205
13 Your play personality in the city 215
14 Playing on the edge 241
Playing at breaking the rules 242
Breaking the rules to find solutions 247
Play as a way to explore possibilities 251
The opportunities for and dangers of breaking the system 253
15 Playing together nicely 257
The team of five million 257
Filling the gaps 261
Sustaining enthusiasm in big projects 266
16 Levelling up 269
An encouraging final point 273
References 275
Acknowledgements 289
Index 291