Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God
What if there is no strong evidence that God exists? Is belief in God when faced with a lack of evidence illegitimate and improper? Evidentialism answers yes. According to Evidentialism, it is impermissible to believe any proposition lacking adequate evidence. And if any thesis enjoys the status of a dogma among philosophers, it is Evidentialism. Presenting a direct challenge to Evidentialism are pragmatic arguments for theism, which are designed to support belief in the absence of adequate evidence. Pascal's Wager is the most prominent theistic pragmatic argument, and issues in epistemology, the ethics of belief, and decision theory, as well as philosophical theology, all intersect at the Wager. Other prominent theistic pragmatic arguments include William James's celebrated essay, 'The Will to Believe'; a posthumously published and largely ignored pragmatic argument authored by J.S. Mill, supporting the propriety of hoping that quasi-theism is true; the eighteenth-century Scottish essayist James Beattie's argument that the consoling benefit of theistic belief is so great that theistic belief is permissible even when one thinks that the existence of God is less likely than not; and an argument championed by the nineteenth-century French philosopher Jules Lachelier, which based its case for theistic belief on the empirical benefits of believing as a theist, even if theism was very probably false. In Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God, Jeff Jordan explores various theistic pragmatic arguments, and the objections employed against them. Jordan presents a new version of the Wager, what he calls the 'Jamesian Wager', and argues that the Jamesian Wager survives the objections hurled against theistic pragmatic arguments and provides strong support for theistic belief. In addition to arguing for a sound version of the Wager, Jordan also argues that there is a version of Evidentialism compatible with a principled use of pragmatic arguments, and that the Argument from Divine Silence fails. Objections found in Voltaire, Hume, and Nietzsche against the Wager are scrutinized, as are objections issued by Richard Swinburne, Richard Gale, and other contemporary philosophers. The ethics of belief, the many-gods objection, the problem of infinite utilities, and the propriety of a hope based acceptance are also examined.
1101399775
Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God
What if there is no strong evidence that God exists? Is belief in God when faced with a lack of evidence illegitimate and improper? Evidentialism answers yes. According to Evidentialism, it is impermissible to believe any proposition lacking adequate evidence. And if any thesis enjoys the status of a dogma among philosophers, it is Evidentialism. Presenting a direct challenge to Evidentialism are pragmatic arguments for theism, which are designed to support belief in the absence of adequate evidence. Pascal's Wager is the most prominent theistic pragmatic argument, and issues in epistemology, the ethics of belief, and decision theory, as well as philosophical theology, all intersect at the Wager. Other prominent theistic pragmatic arguments include William James's celebrated essay, 'The Will to Believe'; a posthumously published and largely ignored pragmatic argument authored by J.S. Mill, supporting the propriety of hoping that quasi-theism is true; the eighteenth-century Scottish essayist James Beattie's argument that the consoling benefit of theistic belief is so great that theistic belief is permissible even when one thinks that the existence of God is less likely than not; and an argument championed by the nineteenth-century French philosopher Jules Lachelier, which based its case for theistic belief on the empirical benefits of believing as a theist, even if theism was very probably false. In Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God, Jeff Jordan explores various theistic pragmatic arguments, and the objections employed against them. Jordan presents a new version of the Wager, what he calls the 'Jamesian Wager', and argues that the Jamesian Wager survives the objections hurled against theistic pragmatic arguments and provides strong support for theistic belief. In addition to arguing for a sound version of the Wager, Jordan also argues that there is a version of Evidentialism compatible with a principled use of pragmatic arguments, and that the Argument from Divine Silence fails. Objections found in Voltaire, Hume, and Nietzsche against the Wager are scrutinized, as are objections issued by Richard Swinburne, Richard Gale, and other contemporary philosophers. The ethics of belief, the many-gods objection, the problem of infinite utilities, and the propriety of a hope based acceptance are also examined.
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Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God

Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God

by Jeff Jordan
Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God

Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God

by Jeff Jordan

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Overview

What if there is no strong evidence that God exists? Is belief in God when faced with a lack of evidence illegitimate and improper? Evidentialism answers yes. According to Evidentialism, it is impermissible to believe any proposition lacking adequate evidence. And if any thesis enjoys the status of a dogma among philosophers, it is Evidentialism. Presenting a direct challenge to Evidentialism are pragmatic arguments for theism, which are designed to support belief in the absence of adequate evidence. Pascal's Wager is the most prominent theistic pragmatic argument, and issues in epistemology, the ethics of belief, and decision theory, as well as philosophical theology, all intersect at the Wager. Other prominent theistic pragmatic arguments include William James's celebrated essay, 'The Will to Believe'; a posthumously published and largely ignored pragmatic argument authored by J.S. Mill, supporting the propriety of hoping that quasi-theism is true; the eighteenth-century Scottish essayist James Beattie's argument that the consoling benefit of theistic belief is so great that theistic belief is permissible even when one thinks that the existence of God is less likely than not; and an argument championed by the nineteenth-century French philosopher Jules Lachelier, which based its case for theistic belief on the empirical benefits of believing as a theist, even if theism was very probably false. In Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God, Jeff Jordan explores various theistic pragmatic arguments, and the objections employed against them. Jordan presents a new version of the Wager, what he calls the 'Jamesian Wager', and argues that the Jamesian Wager survives the objections hurled against theistic pragmatic arguments and provides strong support for theistic belief. In addition to arguing for a sound version of the Wager, Jordan also argues that there is a version of Evidentialism compatible with a principled use of pragmatic arguments, and that the Argument from Divine Silence fails. Objections found in Voltaire, Hume, and Nietzsche against the Wager are scrutinized, as are objections issued by Richard Swinburne, Richard Gale, and other contemporary philosophers. The ethics of belief, the many-gods objection, the problem of infinite utilities, and the propriety of a hope based acceptance are also examined.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780191537578
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publication date: 10/26/2006
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
File size: 531 KB

About the Author

University of Delaware

Table of Contents


Abbreviations     xi
Introduction: The Castaway's Fire     1
A Preview     2
Excursus I: A Note on the Pensees Text     5
Pascal's Wager     7
The Apologetic Role of the Wager     8
Decision-Making     10
A Family of Wagers     16
The Many-Gods Objection     26
The Logic of Pascal's Wagers     29
The Maximin Version     31
What Is Ahead?     35
The Ethics of Belief     37
Doxastic Voluntarism     38
Two Kinds of Pragmatic Arguments     39
Six Kinds of Evidentialism     42
A Defense of Pragmatic Reasoning     47
Six Objections     53
All Things Considered?     61
The Cupidity Objection     64
Final Matters     69
Excursus II: Moral Arguments as Pragmatic Arguments     70
An Embarrassment of Riches?     73
The First Possibilist Formulation     77
The Second Possibilist Formulation     82
The Actualist Version and Ecumenicity     84
Escape of the Jamesian Wager     87
Three Steps to Success     95
The Kantian Gap     96
The Many-Theologies Objection     98
The Many-Gods Objection: A Eulogy     100
The Problem of Infinite Utilities     102
The Indeterminacy Problem: Version One     103
The Indeterminacy Problem: Version Two     105
The Problem of the Priors or Natural Theology and the Pascalian     109
The St Petersburg Paradox     110
The Wager and Standard Decision Theory     118
A Finite Wager?     123
Hyperreals to the Rescue?     125
As Things Stand     126
Showstoppers?     127
The Charge of Unworthiness     127
Mercenary Faith?     131
The Migration Problem     133
The Problem of Dwindling Markets     135
The Problem of Surpassable Saturation Points     140
Predestination and Pascalian Wagering     143
The Pascalian Divine Plan and Implausibility     146
The Impotence and Corruption of Otherworldliness     149
The Decadence of This-Worldliness     160
God, Hope, and Evidence     164
Evidence and Right Dispositions     166
James and the Will to Believe     174
The Topography of Hope     185
A License to Hope     187
Consolation and Hope     190
The Abdication of Belief     194
Excursus III: A Theology of Hope     196
Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God     199
The Sounds of Silence     199
The Divine Hiddenness Argument     200
Why the Divine Hiddenness Argument Fails     206
Lighting the Fire     210
Bibliography     212
Index     223
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