Oversold and Underused: Computers in the Classroom

by Larry Cuban

Overview

Impelled by a demand for increasing American strength in the new global economy, many educators, public officials, business leaders, and parents argue that school computers and Internet access will improve academic learning and prepare students for an information-based workplace. But just how valid is this argument? In Oversold and Underused, one of the most respected voices in American education argues that when teachers are not given a say in how the technology might reshape schools, computers are merely souped-up typewriters and classrooms continue to run much as they did a generation ago. In his studies of early childhood, high school, and university classrooms in Silicon Valley, Larry Cuban found that students and teachers use the new technologies far less in the classroom than they do at home, and that teachers who use computers for instruction do so infrequently and unimaginatively. Cuban points out that historical and organizational economic contexts influence how teachers use technical innovations. Computers can be useful when teachers sufficiently understand the technology themselves, believe it will enhance learning, and have the power to shape their own curricula. But these conditions can’t be met without a broader and deeper commitment to public education beyond preparing workers. More attention, Cuban says, needs to be paid to the civic and social goals of schooling, goals that make the question of how many computers are in classrooms trivial.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780674030107
Publisher:	Harvard University Press
Publication date:	07/01/2009
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	256
File size:	653 KB

About the Author

Larry Cuban is Professor Emeritus of Education at Stanford University and past president of the American Educational Research Association.

Table of Contents

Contents Introduction: Reforming Schools through Technology 1. The Setting 2. Cyberteaching in Preschools and Kindergartens 3. High-Tech Schools, Low-Tech Learning 4. New Technologies in Old Universities 5. Making Sense of Unexpected Outcomes 6. Are Computers in Schools Worth the Investment? Appendix: Rationale for Choices of School Levels Notes Acknowledgments Index

What People are Saying About This

American schools are making a multi-billion dollar bet: if we wire our classrooms, students will be better learners and smarter people. It may be too late to ask whether this is really wise. If it isn't, educators, school board members, and parents need to read Larry Cuban's book--and then begin a serious conversation about whether more computers will really make for better brains.

Diane Ravitch

Larry Cuban's reflections on the uses of new technologies in the classroom give us good reason to pause and think again about where we go from here, rather than be swept along by enthusiasm for the latest innovations. A thoughtful and timely book.
— Diane Ravitch, New York University

Neal Postman

American schools are making a multi-billion dollar bet: if we wire our classrooms, students will be better learners and smarter people. It may be too late to ask whether this is really wise. If it isn't, educators, school board members, and parents need to read Larry Cuban's book--and then begin a serious conversation about whether more computers will really make for better brains.
— Neal Postman, New York University

Editorial Reviews

Challenging "the belief that if technology were introduced to the classroom, it would be used; and if it were used, it would transform schooling," Stanford education professor Larry Cuban (Teachers and Machines) provides a jargon-free, critical look at the actual use of computers by teachers and students in early childhood education, high school and university classrooms in Oversold and Underused: Computers in the Classroom. Combining an historical overview of school technologies with statistical data and direct observation of classroom practices in several Silicon Valley schools, he concludes that, "Without a broader vision of the social and civic role that schools perform in a democratic society, our excessive focus on technology use in schools runs the danger of trivializing our nation's core ideals." (Sept.) Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.

Publishers Weekly

Cuban (education, Stanford) has written extensively about school reform (e.g., How Scholars Trumped Teachers). In his latest work, he disputes the policymakers who have thrust computers into schools without much regard for the educators who are expected to improve students' learning with the new technologies. In fact, Cuban's 2001-2000 study of Silicon Valley schools, discussed and analyzed in the first two-thirds of the book, showed that less than ten percent of the teachers used their classroom computers at least once a week. Another unanticipated finding was that there was no evidence that information technologies increased students' academic achievement. Arguing that the educational revolution that computers were expected to incite has progressed far too slowly, he recommends that administrators involve teachers in the planning and implementation of technology plans and allow them more unstructured time, technical support, and professional development opportunities to optimize the educational benefits that computers offer. Highly recommended for academic and public libraries. Will Hepfer, SUNY at Buffalo Libs. Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.

Library Journal

Larry Cuban's reflections on the uses of new technologies in the classroom give us good reason to pause and think again about where we go from here, rather than be swept along by enthusiasm for the latest innovations. A thoughtful and timely book.

Diane Ravitch

[Cuban] shows that most investments in computers in the schools provide very poor returns...Cuban and his associates studied some Silicon Valley elementary and high schools, and also looked at how many Stanford professors were using computers. It was found that a majority of college professors, and nearly 90 percent of elementary and secondary teachers, still give lectures the old-fashioned way...So most computers in schools are banished to laboratories, and are primarily for Internet searches and for word processing...Far better, [Cuban] argues in his persuasive little book, for schools to spend the money they would spend for computers on keeping school buildings maintained—and on hiring good teachers skilled in getting children to learn to read, write and count.

Washington Times - Martin Morse Wooster

Over the last decade, the idea that computers will revolutionize the classroom has been obsessively hyped, by the business and tech communities, politicians, academics, and even some teachers. Larry Cuban...confronts this challenge in his insightful new book...This slim volume raises weighty questions...Cuban doesn't provide simple answers. But in explaining the history of computer technology in education, and by suggesting why desired outcomes have or haven't come about, he provides clear-minded insights into how educators can develop what remains a largely untapped resource.

Washington Monthly - Alexander Wohl

[Conducting] field studies in early childhood settings, a high school, and a university in Northern California's Silicon Valley...[Cuban] discovered no substantial evidence of students' increasing their academic achievement as a result of using information technologies; the majority of teachers employed technology to sustain existing teaching patterns rather than to innovate; and only a tiny percentage of high school and university teachers used the new technologies to accelerate student-centered and project-based teaching practices. Cuban concluded that teachers, like other professionals, have been selective in their uses of technology in the classroom; that the "computer age" may be a slow revolution with incremental change over a generation or two; and that teachers may be forced by the history and contexts of schooling to accept technology. An interesting volume.

Choice - D. L. Stoloff

American schools are making a multi-billion dollar bet: if we wire our classrooms, students will be better learners and smarter people. It may be too late to ask whether this is really wise. If it isn't, educators, school board members, and parents need to read Larry Cuban's book—and then begin a serious conversation about whether more computers will really make for better brains.

Neal Postman

In his interesting and readable study, Cuban notes other innovations that were to have transformed American education: film, radio, and TV. As we know, none of them did. Not for lack of trying, but because no matter how sophisticated or dazzling the technology, teaching boils down to communication. Electronic technology in the classroom is just another new gadget in a teacher's toolbox...Cuban examines first-hand, rather than relying on self-reporting, how nursery and high school teachers in Silicon Valley actually use computers...Through application of historical background and current research, the book advocates discussion.

Christian Science Monitor - Bob Blaisdell

It is estimated that US public schools spent $5.5 billion and universities an additional $2.7 billion on computer hardware, software and infrastructure in 1999. Yet what has this tremendous investment in technology brought to American schools? Larry Cuban's response...is a poignant and emphatic one—nothing...Cuban's book is a must-read for politicians, parents, school administrators, teachers, technophiles and technophobes.

Times Higher Education Supplement - P. Karen Murphy

Oversold and Underused will benefit educational researchers and policy makers and anyone with an interest in computers. Indeed, Cuban directs at politicians and other policy makers many of his pleas to re-evaluate the uses of computers in schools. State department officials involved in educational decision-making would benefit from reading Cuban's proposal to limit spending on technology and instead focus on such goals as reducing class sizes, renovating buildings, and offering full-day preschool and kindergarten and innovative arts programs in the primary grades. One hopes Cuban's arguments will cause some educational leaders to reconsider their priorities.

techdirections - Chris Zirkle

Using national data and his own school surveys in the high-tech capital of Silicon Valley. Cuban offers a thought-provoking analysis of why technology has failed to live up to its promises. His findings contradict those who label educators as technophobes, wedded to traditional methods and materials. Instead, he points the finger at reformers who assumed technology would transform teaching and learning, but neglected to consider school organization, teachers' classroom experiences, or the broader purpose of education in a democratic society.

NEA Today - Mary Anne Hess

It is estimated that US public schools spent $5.5 billion and universities an additional $2.7 billion on computer hardware, software and infrastructure in 1999. Yet what has this tremendous investment in technology brought to American schools? Larry Cuban's response...is a poignant and emphatic one--nothing...Cuban's book is a must-read for politicians, parents, school administrators, teachers, technophiles and technophobes.
— P. Karen Murphy

Times Higher Education Supplement

[Cuban] shows that most investments in computers in the schools provide very poor returns...Cuban and his associates studied some Silicon Valley elementary and high schools, and also looked at how many Stanford professors were using computers. It was found that a majority of college professors, and nearly 90 percent of elementary and secondary teachers, still give lectures the old-fashioned way...So most computers in schools are banished to laboratories, and are primarily for Internet searches and for word processing...Far better, [Cuban] argues in his persuasive little book, for schools to spend the money they would spend for computers on keeping school buildings maintained--and on hiring good teachers skilled in getting children to learn to read, write and count.
— Martin Morse Wooster

Washington Times

Using national data and his own school surveys in the high-tech capital of Silicon Valley. Cuban offers a thought-provoking analysis of why technology has failed to live up to its promises. His findings contradict those who label educators as technophobes, wedded to traditional methods and materials. Instead, he points the finger at reformers who assumed technology would transform teaching and learning, but neglected to consider school organization, teachers' classroom experiences, or the broader purpose of education in a democratic society.
— Mary Anne Hess

NEA Today

[Conducting] field studies in early childhood settings, a high school, and a university in Northern California's Silicon Valley...[Cuban] discovered no substantial evidence of students' increasing their academic achievement as a result of using information technologies; the majority of teachers employed technology to sustain existing teaching patterns rather than to innovate; and only a tiny percentage of high school and university teachers used the new technologies to accelerate student-centered and project-based teaching practices. Cuban concluded that teachers, like other professionals, have been selective in their uses of technology in the classroom; that the "computer age" may be a slow revolution with incremental change over a generation or two; and that teachers may be forced by the history and contexts of schooling to accept technology. An interesting volume.
— D. L. Stoloff

Choice

In his interesting and readable study, Cuban notes other innovations that were to have transformed American education: film, radio, and TV. As we know, none of them did. Not for lack of trying, but because no matter how sophisticated or dazzling the technology, teaching boils down to communication. Electronic technology in the classroom is just another new gadget in a teacher's toolbox...Cuban examines first-hand, rather than relying on self-reporting, how nursery and high school teachers in Silicon Valley actually use computers...Through application of historical background and current research, the book advocates discussion.
— Bob Blaisdell

Christian Science Monitor

Over the last decade, the idea that computers will revolutionize the classroom has been obsessively hyped, by the business and tech communities, politicians, academics, and even some teachers. Larry Cuban...confronts this challenge in his insightful new book...This slim volume raises weighty questions...Cuban doesn't provide simple answers. But in explaining the history of computer technology in education, and by suggesting why desired outcomes have or haven't come about, he provides clear-minded insights into how educators can develop what remains a largely untapped resource.
— Alexander Wohl

Washington Monthly

Oversold and Underused will benefit educational researchers and policy makers and anyone with an interest in computers. Indeed, Cuban directs at politicians and other policy makers many of his pleas to re-evaluate the uses of computers in schools. State department officials involved in educational decision-making would benefit from reading Cuban's proposal to limit spending on technology and instead focus on such goals as reducing class sizes, renovating buildings, and offering full-day preschool and kindergarten and innovative arts programs in the primary grades. One hopes Cuban's arguments will cause some educational leaders to reconsider their priorities.
— Chris Zirkle

techdirections