Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision
In Africa, where poor roads, ports, and railways often constrain efficient transportation, air transport holds great potential as a lever for economic growth and development. Yet Africa has suffered several decades of inefficient air services. Uncompetitive flag carriers, set up by newly independent African states, offered primarily intercontinental flights, while the domestic air service market remained underdeveloped and underserved. The 1999 pan-African treaty on liberalization of access to air transport markets, the Yamoussoukro Decision, attempted to address these shortcomings. Yet a decade later, only partial liberalization has been achieved. 'Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision' reviews progress made in carrying out the treaty and suggests ways in which the liberalization process can be encouraged. The book analyzes the completed and still-pending steps toward implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision, both on a pan-African level and within various regions. Special focus is given to the challenges posed by the poor aviation safety and security standards that exist in most African countries. Finally, the book measures the impact that certain policy steps of the Yamoussoukro Decision have had and evaluates the economic significance of air transportation and its full liberalization in Africa. The book concludes that the process of liberalizing African air services must continue, and provides policy recommendations for the way forward.
1100314184
Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision
In Africa, where poor roads, ports, and railways often constrain efficient transportation, air transport holds great potential as a lever for economic growth and development. Yet Africa has suffered several decades of inefficient air services. Uncompetitive flag carriers, set up by newly independent African states, offered primarily intercontinental flights, while the domestic air service market remained underdeveloped and underserved. The 1999 pan-African treaty on liberalization of access to air transport markets, the Yamoussoukro Decision, attempted to address these shortcomings. Yet a decade later, only partial liberalization has been achieved. 'Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision' reviews progress made in carrying out the treaty and suggests ways in which the liberalization process can be encouraged. The book analyzes the completed and still-pending steps toward implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision, both on a pan-African level and within various regions. Special focus is given to the challenges posed by the poor aviation safety and security standards that exist in most African countries. Finally, the book measures the impact that certain policy steps of the Yamoussoukro Decision have had and evaluates the economic significance of air transportation and its full liberalization in Africa. The book concludes that the process of liberalizing African air services must continue, and provides policy recommendations for the way forward.
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Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision

Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision

by Charles E Schlumberger
Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision

Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision

by Charles E Schlumberger

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Overview

In Africa, where poor roads, ports, and railways often constrain efficient transportation, air transport holds great potential as a lever for economic growth and development. Yet Africa has suffered several decades of inefficient air services. Uncompetitive flag carriers, set up by newly independent African states, offered primarily intercontinental flights, while the domestic air service market remained underdeveloped and underserved. The 1999 pan-African treaty on liberalization of access to air transport markets, the Yamoussoukro Decision, attempted to address these shortcomings. Yet a decade later, only partial liberalization has been achieved. 'Open Skies for Africa: Implementing the Yamoussoukro Decision' reviews progress made in carrying out the treaty and suggests ways in which the liberalization process can be encouraged. The book analyzes the completed and still-pending steps toward implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision, both on a pan-African level and within various regions. Special focus is given to the challenges posed by the poor aviation safety and security standards that exist in most African countries. Finally, the book measures the impact that certain policy steps of the Yamoussoukro Decision have had and evaluates the economic significance of air transportation and its full liberalization in Africa. The book concludes that the process of liberalizing African air services must continue, and provides policy recommendations for the way forward.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780821382059
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Publication date: 06/23/2010
Series: Directions in Development - Infrastructure
Pages: 260
Product dimensions: 5.98(w) x 9.02(h) x 0.55(d)

Table of Contents

Foreword xi

Acknowledgments xiii

About the Author xv

Abbreviations xvii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Notes 7

Chapter 2 Elements and Entry into Force of the Yamoussoukro Decision 9

The Yamoussoukro Declaration 9

The Yamoussoukro Decision 10

The Abuja Treaty and Its Entry into Force 16

Entry into Force of the Yamoussoukro Decision 20

Conclusion 27

Notes 27

Chapter 3 Status Quo of the Implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision 29

Policy Implementation 31

Operational Implementation 37

The African Air Transport Industry and Liberalization 41

Safety and Security Requirements 42

Implementation: Condition Precedent or Subsequent? 52

Notes 57

Chapter 4 Regional Implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision 61

North Africa 62

West Africa 72

Central Africa 86

Southern and East Africa 92

Conclusion 110

Notes 112

Chapter 5 Impact of Liberalization 115

Data Sources and Methodology 115

General Traffic Analysis 119

General Fleet Analysis 121

Effects of Liberalization on Traffic and Air Carriers by Region 124

Conclusions 146

Notes 148

Chapter 6 Economic Aspects of Liberalizing Air Services in Africa 149

Economic Benefits of the Air Transport Sector 150

Potential Impact of Liberalizing of Air Transport Services 157

Economic Significance of Liberalizing African Air Transport Services 165

Conclusion 168

Notes 170

Chapter 7 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations 171

Appendix A Ethiopian Air Service Agreements with Other African States 177

Appendix B African Country Overview of Air Transport and the Yamoussoukro Decision 191

Appendix C Safety Review and Rating of African States 199

Appendix D Aviation Laws and Regulations Adopted and Enacted by the West African Economic and Monetary Union 207

References 215

Index 229

Boxes

1.1 Freedoms of the Air 4

3.1 Duties and Responsibilities of the Monitoring Body 56

Tables

3.1 Major Accidents of African Carriers Operating Western-Built Aircraft, October 1998-June 2008 45

3.2 Accidents of African Carriers Operating Western- or Eastern-Built Older Aircraft, February 1998-October 2007 49

3.3 Quality and Progress of Safety Oversight by RECs as of 2009 53

5.1 Grading of RECs on Their Liberalization of Air Services as of 30 June 2009 120

5.2 Estimated Number of Seats on International Flights within and between RECs, Selected Years 121

5.3 International Flights, REC City Pairs, Selected Years 122

5.4 Changes in Fleet Composition by REC, 2001-07 123

5.5 Fleet Analysis, Africa, Selected Years 125

5.6 Changes in the Number of Seats by REC 126

5.7 Fifth Freedom Flights by Carriers of Each REC, Selected Years 127

5.8 Fifth Freedom Flights by African Carriers of Other RECs, Selected Years 128

5.9 Fifth Freedom Flights by Non-African Carriers, Selected Years 128

5.10 Fleet Analysis, North Africa, Selected Years 129

5.11 Fleet Analysis, West Africa, Selected Years 131

5.12 Fleet Analysis, Central Africa, Selected Years 135

5.13 Out of Region Carriers Providing Intraregional Service in CEMAC, 2007 136

5.14 Fleet Analysis, East Africa, Selected Years 138

5.15 Fleet Analysis, Southern Africa, Selected Years 141

5.16 Fleet Evolution of Major South African Carriers, Selected Years l42

5.17 Fleet Analysis, Indian Ocean Island Countries, Selected Years 145

A.l Bilateral Air Service Agreements Concluded by Ethiopia with Other African States as of October 2006 178

A.2 Summary of Intra-African Bilateral Air Service Agreements Concluded by Ethiopia in Conformity with the Yamoussoukro Decision and Actual Routes Flown 188

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