On Being Different: Diversity and Multiculturalism in the North American Mainstream / Edition 4 available in Paperback
On Being Different: Diversity and Multiculturalism in the North American Mainstream / Edition 4
- ISBN-10:
- 0078117011
- ISBN-13:
- 9780078117015
- Pub. Date:
- 06/14/2011
- Publisher:
- McGraw Hill LLC
- ISBN-10:
- 0078117011
- ISBN-13:
- 9780078117015
- Pub. Date:
- 06/14/2011
- Publisher:
- McGraw Hill LLC
On Being Different: Diversity and Multiculturalism in the North American Mainstream / Edition 4
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Overview
On Being Different provides an up-to-date, comprehensive, and interdisciplinary account of diversity and multiculturalism in the United States and Canada. Conrad Kottak and Kathryn Kozaitis clarify essential issues, themes, and topics in the study of diversity, including ethnicity, religion, gender, and sexual orientation. The book also presents an original theory of multiculturalism, showing how human agency and culture work to organize and change society.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780078117015 |
---|---|
Publisher: | McGraw Hill LLC |
Publication date: | 06/14/2011 |
Edition description: | List |
Pages: | 384 |
Product dimensions: | 6.30(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.70(d) |
About the Author
Conrad Phillip Kottak (A.B. Columbia, 1963; Ph.D. Columbia, 1966) is Professor and Chair of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, where he has taught since 1968. In 1991 he was honored for his teaching by the University and the state of Michigan. In 1992 he received an excellence in teaching award from the College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts of the University of Michigan. Professor Kottak has done fieldwork in cultural anthropology in Brazil (since 1962), Madagascar (since 1966), and the United States. In current research projects, Kottak and his colleagues have investigated the emergence of ecological awareness in Brazil, the social context of deforestation in Madagascar, and popular participation in economic development planning in northeastern Brazil.
Table of Contents
Reflections xi
Preface xii
About the Authors xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
American Culture and Cultures 5
Studying Diversity and Multiculturalism 6
Chapter 2 Culture 9
Culture and Its Aspects 11
Culture Is Learned 12
Culture, Space, and Scale 13
Culture Is Shared 14
Culture Is Symbolic 15
Culture and Nature 15
Culture Is All-Encompassing 16
Culture Is Integrated 16
Culture and the Individual: Agency and Practice 16
Culture Is Instrumental, Adaptive, and Maladaptive 18
There Are Levels of Culture 18
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism 19
Universality, Generality, and Particularity 20
Particularity: Patterns of Culture 20
Unifying Factors in Contemporary North American Culture 21
American Pop, Civic, and Public Culture 24
Mechanisms of Cultural Change 25
The Uses of Culture 26
Chapter 3 Globalization and Identity 29
Globalization and Identity Politics 32
Trade and Finance 33
Neoliberalism and Antiglobalization 33
Multilocality and the Media 35
Civil Society, NGOs, and Rights Movements 37
Indigenous Peoples 39
Identity in Indigenous Politics 41
Diasporas and Postmodernity 42
Agency 42
Chapter 4 The Multicultural Society 45
The Power of Culture 47
Conceptualizing Cultural Diversity 48
Assimilation 49
Pluralism 51
Multiculturalism 51
Theory of Multiculturalism 53
Sociocultural Transformation 53
Multiculturalism in the North American Mainstream 54
The Centers of Cultural Production 57
Agency and Resistance 58
Identity Politics 60
The Multicultural Paradox 60
Multiculturalism: The Master Movement 61
Critical Multiculturalism 64
Chapter 5 Ethnicity 66
Ethnicity and Social Statuses 69
Status Shifting 71
Ethnic Groups, Nations, and Nationalities 72
Nationalities and Imagined Communities 73
Ethnic Tolerance and Accommodation 73
Cultural Assimilation 74
The Plural Society 74
Multiculturalism and Ethnic Identity 75
Roots of Ethnic Conflict 80
Prejudice and Discrimination 80
Chips in the Mosaic 82
Aftermaths of Oppression 83
Chapter 6 Religion 86
Church and State 88
Politics and Religion 90
Religion and Solidarity 90
Ritualized Changes in Status and Identity 92
Religious Diversity 94
The World's Major Religions 97
Protestant Values and the Rise of Capitalism 99
Social Control 101
Religion and Change 102
New and Alternative Religious Movements 104
Secular Religion 106
Chapter 7 Race: Its Biological Dimensions 108
Race: A Discredited Concept in Biology 111
Races Are Not Biologically Distinct 112
Genetic Markers Don't Correlate with Phenotype 113
Explanatory Approaches to Human Biological Diversity 114
Explaining Skin Color 115
Lactose Intolerance 118
The Case for Cultural versus Biological Determination of Physical Attractiveness and Sports Abilities 119
The Case for Cultural versus Biological Determination of Intelligence 121
Testing and Affirmative Action 123
Chapter 8 Race: Its Social Construction 126
Race and Racism 129
Race, Ethnicity, and Culture 131
The Cultural Construction of Race 132
Hypodescent: Race in the United States 132
Race in the Census 133
Not Us: Race in Japan 136
Phenotype and Fluidity: Race in Brazil 138
Chapter 9 Gender 142
Sex and Gender 144
Recurrent Gender Patterns 145
Gender Roles and Gender Stratification 151
Reduced Gender Stratification-Matrilineal, Matrilocal Societies 152
Matriarchy 152
Reduced Gender Stratification-Matrifocal Societies 153
Increased Gender Stratification-Patrilineal-Patrilocal Societies 153
Patriarchy and Violence 154
Gender in Industrial Societies 155
The Feminization of Poverty 158
Work and Happiness 160
Beyond Male and Female 161
Chapter 10 Sexual Orientation 165
The Nature and Culture of Sexual Orientation 167
Changing Patterns and Views of Sexual Orientation 171
Varieties of Human Sexuality 173
The Social Construction of Sexual Orientation 175
Cross-Cultural Variation 176
Bisexuality 177
The Political Organization of Sexual Orientation 178
Legal Protection of LGBT 180
Gay Culture 181
Chapter 11 Age and Cohort 184
Ages and Cohorts 187
The Generation Gap 190
An Aging Population 191
The Aging Process 195
Intergenerational Conflict 196
The Gray and the Brown 198
The Tea Party Movement 200
The Social Construction of Childhood 202
The Politics of Age and Aging 203
Chapter 12 Bodies, Fitness, and Health 206
Culture and the Body 208
Well and Sick Bodies 213
People with Disabilities 215
The ADA and Employment Rates 218
Mental Health 219
Diversity in Sickness and in Health 222
Chapter 13 Class 225
Class in America 227
Forms of Socioeconomic Stratification 229
Industrial Stratification 229
Poverty and Homelessness 231
Closed Class Systems 234
Domination, Hegemony, and Resistance 235
Class and Values across Cultures 237
Diversity within Social Categories 239
Social Movements 241
Chapter 14 Places and Spaces 243
Regional Diversity 245
Geographic Mobility 248
Cyberspace 250
Cities and Urbanites 251
Lifestyles and Small Towns 254
The American Periphery 257
The Income Gap by State 259
Chapter 15 Linguistic Diversity 261
Linguistic Relativism 263
Sociolinguistics: The Study of Linguistic Diversity 264
Gender Speech Contrasts 266
Stratification and Symbolic Domination 267
Black English Vernacular (BEV), aka Ebonics 270
Linguistic Diversity and Inequality 272
Nativists and Relativists 273
The Language of Power 274
Chapter 16 Families 277
Changing North American Families 280
All Sorts of Families 280
Family and Work 286
Media and the Family 287
The Cult of Childhood "Success" 289
Kinship and Class 292
Family Diversity 293
Chapter 17 Conclusion 295
Human Diversity, Culture, and Multiculturalism 297
Using Culture to Build Humanity 299
From Civil Rights to Human Rights 302
Human Agency as a Prime Mover of Social Reform 304
Glossary G-1
Bibliography B-1
Photo Credits C-1
Index I-1