Atomic, Molecular, And Nuclear Physics: Personal Study Notes
This volume encompasses three chapters from my personal study notes which covers all courses and notes in my study of Nuclear Engineering, from high school throughout my post-doctorate associateship.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 14: Artificial Transmutation
VAN DE GRAAFF ELECTROSTATIC HIGH TENSION GENERATOR
COCKCROFT AND WALTON TENSION MULTIPLIER
RESONANCE ACCELERATOR—CYCLOTRON
MORE POWERFUL PARTICLE-ACCELERATING MACHINES
METHOD OF SCINTILLATIONS
METHOD OF CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS
MAGNETIC SPECTROGRAPH METHOD IONIZATION CHAMBER METHOD
COUNTER METHOD
1. THE GEIGER COUNTER
2. THE SCINTILLATION COUNTER
3. THE CRYSTAL COUNTER
CLOUD CHAMBER METHOD
Diffusion cloud chamber
PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION METHOD
(1) Bohr's theory of nuclear disintegration
(2) General scheme of nuclear reactions
(3) Complexity of nuclear reactions
(4) Equations of transmutations
(5) Nuclear cross-section (σ)
1. Substitutional reactions
2. Radiative capture reactions
3. Resonance disintegrations
4. Exchange reactions
5. Photodisintegration
6. Disintegration by electrons
THE NEUTRON
(i) Production of neutrons
(ii) Detection of neutrons
(iii) Distribution in speed of neutrons—fast and slow neutrons
(iv) Transmutations produced by neutrons
(v) The mass of the neutron
(vi) Absorption of neutrons in matter
(vii) Diffraction of neutrons
(viii) Mean life of free neutrons
(ix) Some practical applications of neutrons
2. ARTIFICIAL OR INDUCED RADIOACTIVITY
K ELECTRON CAPTURE
NUCLEAR ISOMERISM
3. NUCLEAR FISSION
(1) Means of inducing fission
(2) Detection of fission
(3) Fission products
(4) Energy liberated in fission
(5) Production of secondary neutrons in fission
(6) Chain reaction
(7) Transuranic elements
THE REACTOR OR PILE
THE ATOM BOMB
(1) Source of stellar energy
(2) The hydrogen bomb
(3) The rigged H-bomb
(4) Controlled thermonuclear reaction
CHAPTER 15: Cosmic Rays
A. The cosmic ray ionization chamber
B. The coincidence counters
C. The scintillation counters
D. The counter controlled cloud chamber
E. The photographic emulsion method
F. The bubble chamber method
1. THE LATITUDE EFFECT
3. THE AZIMUTH EFFECT—EAST-WEST ASYMMETRY
4. THE NORTH-SOUTH EFFECT
5. SEASONAL AND DIURNAL CHANGES IN COSMIC RAY INTENSITY
6. THE ALTITUDE EFFECT
7. THE ABSORPTION OF COSMIC RAYS IN MATTER
8. MEASUREMENT OF THE ENERGY OF COSMIC RAYS
9. THE POSITRON
A. Materialization of radiant energy
B. Emission of positrons by artificially produced radioelements
The mass of the positron
The charge on the positron
Absorption of positrons in matter
Annihilation of matter
10- THE MESOTRON
Mass of the meson
Mean life of the meson
Classification of the fundamental particles
11. COSMIC RAY SHOWERS
12. HEAVY PARTICLE COMPONENTS OF COSMIC RADIATION
13. NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF COSMIC RADIATION
14. ORIGIN OF COSMIC RAYS
CHAPTER 16: Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
1. STRUCTURE OF NUCLEI
A. Theories of nuclear composition
(a) The proton-electron theory
(b) The proton-neutron theory
(c) The neutron-positron theory
(d) The negative proton-neutron theory
B. Nuclear Models
2. SIZE OF NUCLEI
A. NUCLEAR METHODS
(a) α-particle scattering
(b) The scattering of protons
(c) Neutron interaction
B. ELECTRIC METHODS
(a) Scattering of fast electrons by atomic nuclei
(b) Mesic atoms
(c) Isotope structure
(d) Mirror nuclei
3. NUCLEAR MASS
4. NUCLEAR CHARGE
5. NUCLEAR QUANTUM STATES
6. NUCLEAR STATISTICS
7. NUCLEAR SPIN AND MAGNETIC MOMENT
(i) ANALYSIS OF THE HYPERFINE STRUCTURE IN ATOMIC SPECTRA
Nuclear electric quadrupole moments
(a) Counting the number of hyperfine components
(b) Measuring the relative separations of the members of a state cluster
(c) Measuring the relative intensities of the components of the hyperfine pattern
(d) Counting the number of hyperfine components in Zeeman effect
(ii) METHOD OF ALTERNATING INTENSITIES IN BAND SPECTRA
(iii) MAGNETIC DEFLECTION OF MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC BEAMS
(iv) STUDY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRA
(v) ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE SPECTRA
BIBLIOGRAPHY
