Table of Contents
Map of the Greater Northwest 6
Introduction 7
Identification Key for Northwest Trees 11
Part 1 Conifers
Western White Pine 25
Sugar Pine 30
Whitebark Pine 35
Limber Pine 43
Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pine 49
Knobcone Pine 58
Lodgepole and Shore Pine 61
Western Larch 70
Alpine Larch 76
Sitka Spruce 83
Engelmann and Brewer Spruce 91
White Spruce and Its Hybrids 97
Douglas-fir 101
Western Hemlock 110
Mountain Hemlock 117
Pacific Silver Fir 122
Grand and White Fir 128
Subalpine Fir 135
Noble and Shasta Red Fir 143
Incense-cedar 149
Western Redcedar 155
Yellow-cedar 163
Port Orford-cedar 169
Junipers and Modoc Cypress 174
Pacific Yew and Redwood 181
Part 2 Broad-Leaved Trees
Willows 190
Black Cottonwood and Its Relatives 196
Quaking Aspen 203
Alders 208
Paper and Water Birch 215
Golden Chinkapin 221
Tanoak 225
Oregon White or Garry Oak 229
California Black Oak 234
Canyon Live Oak 239
Native Fruit Trees 241
Bigleaf Maple 251
Smaller Maples 257
Cascara 262
Pacific Dogwood 267
Pacific Madrone 271
California-laurel 277
Oregon Ash 280
Naturalized Trees 283
Acknowledgments 289
References 290
Index 297