Table of Contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
How to use this book x
List of abbreviations xi
Normal range for investigations xiv
Part 1 Basics 1
Basic science 1
Approach to the patient 8
Clinical overview 13
Part 2 Cases 30
Patients with acute renal failure
Case 1 An 84-year-old man with reduced urine output 30
Case 2 A 74-year-old man with acute renal failure 37
Case 3 A 64-year-old man with back pain and polydipsia 45
Case 4 A 20-year-old woman with facial swelling and coke-coloured urine 51
Case 5 A 68-year-old man with hearing loss, fatigue and arthralgia 56
Case 6 A 19-year-old man with macroscopic haematuria 62
Case 7 A 27-year-old woman with a rash and renal impairment 68
Case 8 A 26-year-old man with haemoptysis and oliguria 72
Case 9 A 25-year-old woman presents with rash and joint pain 78
Case 10 An 18-year-old girl with lethargy and headache 86
Patients with nephrotic syndrome
Case 11 A 56-year-old man with ankle swelling 93
Case 12 An 80-year-old man with abdominal discomfort and ankle swelling 98
Case 13 A 23-year-old obese woman with ankle swelling 106
Case 14 A 15-year-old girl with facial swelling and frothy urine 113
Patients with hypertension
Case 15 A 50-year-old woman with hypertension 117
Case 16 A 60-year-old male smoker with hypertension and renal impairment 123
Patients with urine dipstick abnormalities
Case 17 A 25-year-old woman with dysuria and urine dipstick abnormalities 128
Case 18 A 40-year-old ex-intravenous drug user with protein and blood on urine dipstick 133
Case 19 A 35-year-old man with macroscopic haematuria 138
Case 20 An 82-year-old woman with dark urine 143
Acid-base and electrolyte problems
Case 21 A 28-year-old type I diabetic man with abdominal pain and vomiting 148
Case 22 A 22-year-old man with weakness and lethargy 154
Case 23 A 58-year-old type II diabetic with confusion and hyponatraemia 159
Patients with chronic kidney disease/end-stage renal failure
Case 24 A 49-year-old man with headache and malaise 163
Case 25 A 23-year-old man with shortness of breath 169
Case 26 A 34-year-old man on haemodialysis 176
Case 27 A 54-year-old man with end-stage renal failure 181
Case 28 A 50-year-old man on peritoneal dialysis with abdominal pain 187
Renal transplantation
Case 29 A 49-year-old man with chronic kidney disease 193
Case 30 A 38-year-old man with a rise in creatinine 2 weeks post renal transplant 201
Case 31 A 45-year-old man with a renal transplant and fever 210
Part 3 Self-assessment 215
MCQs 215
EMQs 220
SAQs 227
Answers 229
Index of cases by diagnosis 246
Index 247