Table of Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Preface Gregory D. Smithers Brooke N. Newman ix
Introduction: "What Is an Indian?"-The Enduring Question of American Indian Identity Gregory D. Smithers 1
Part 1 Adapting Indigenous Identities for the Colonial Diaspora
1 Indigenous Identities in Mesoamerica after the Spanish Conquest Rebecca Horn 31
2 Rethinking the Middle Ground: French Colonialism and Indigenous Identities in the Pays d'en Haut Michael A. McDonnell 79
3 Identity Articulated: British Settlers, Black Caribs, and the Politics of Indigeneity on St. Vincent, 1763-1797 Brooke N. Newman 109
4 Religion, Race, and the Formation of Pan-Indian Identities in the Brothertown Movement, 1700-1800 Linford D. Fisher 151
5 "Decoying Them Within": Creek Gender Identities and the Subversion of Civilization Felicity Donohoe 187
Part 2 Asserting Native Identities through Politics, Work, and Migration
6 Mastering Language: Liberty, Slavery, and Native Resistance in the Early Nineteenth-Century South James Taylor Carson 209
7 Resistance and Removal: Yaqui and Navajo Identities in the Southwest Borderlands Claudia B. Haake 235
8 Progressivism and Native American Self-Expression in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Joy Porter 273
9 Mixed-Descent Indian Identity and Assimilation Policy Katherine Ellinghaus 297
10 "All Go to the Hop Fields": The Role of Migratory and Wage Labor in the Preservation of Indigenous Pacific Northwest Culture Vera Parham 317
Part 3 Twentieth-Century Reflections on Indigenous and Pan-Indian Identities
11 Tribal Institution Building in the Twentieth Century Duane Champagne 349
12 Disease and the "Other": The Role of Medical Imperialism in Oceania Kerri A. Inglis 385
13 "Why Injun Artist Me": Acee Blue Eagle's Diasporic Performative Bill Anthes 411
14 Asserting a Global Indigenous Identity: Native Activism Before and After the Cold War Daniel M. Cobb 443
15 From Tribal to Indian: American Indian Identity in the Twentieth Century Donald L. Fixico 473
Contributors 497
Index 503