Table of Contents
List of Figures and Tables xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Author xix
Chapter 1 Understanding the History and Formation of MTSS 1
Learning Objectives 1
The Need for MTSS 1
Introduction to MTSS and Intervention Service Delivery Models 2
Steps to Building the MTSS House 3
Foundations of MTSS 4
Connection Between School Psychology, Teaching, and MTSS 5
Emphasis on Phycho-Education Testing 6
Introduction to the Severe Discrepancy Model 7
Controversy Surrounding the Severe Discrepancy Model 8
Adoption of the Public Health Model 10
Movement away From the Severe Discrepancy Model 14
Response to Intervention and the Problem-Solving Process 15
Integration of Intervention Service Delivery Models Under MTSS 17
Conclusion 19
Discussion Questions 20
Chapter 2 Components of MTSS 21
Learning Objectives 21
The Four Pillars of MTSS 21
Pillar 1 Varying Levels of Evidence-Based Supports 22
Pillar 2 Universal Screening 25
Pillar 3 Progress Monitoring 27
Pillar 4 Data-Based Decision-Making 29
Conclusion 31
Discussion Questions 34
Chapter 3 Response to Intervention 35
Learning Objectives 35
Background 35
Introduction to Response to Intervention 36
Description of Response to Intervention Tiers 37
Tier 1 37
Tier 2 38
Tier 3 39
Data Collection and Data-Based Decision-Making Under RTI 40
Culturally Responsive Practices and RTI 43
Defining Culturally Responsive Practices 43
Incorporating Culturally Responsive Practice into RTI 45
Conclusion 46
Case Example 48
Discussion Questions 49
Chapter 4 School-Wide Positive Behavior Support 50
Learning Objectives 50
Introduction to School-Wide Positive Behavior Support 50
Description of School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Tiers 52
Tier 1 52
Tier 2 55
Tier 3 59
Data Collection and Decision-Making Under SWPBS 62
Office Discipline Referrals 62
Systemic Screening Measures 66
Systemic Screening Measures 66
Student Risk Screening Scale-Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE) 66
Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screening (SAEBRS) 67
Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS) 67
Behavior Intervention Monitoring Assessment System 2 (BIMAS-2) 67
Culturally Responsive Practices and SWPBS 68
Identity 68
Voice 69
Supportive Environment 69
Situational Appropriateness 69
Data for Equity 70
Conclusion 70
Case Example 74
Discussion Questions 76
Chapter 5 Social Emotional RTI and Embedding Trauma-Informed Practices 77
Learning Objectives 77
Background on Children's Mental Health Services 77
Reasons Why Children Turn to Educators for Support 78
Social-Emotional Learning 81
Introduction to Social-Emotional RTI 84
Description of Social-Emotional RTI Tiers 85
Tier 1 85
Tier 2 88
Tier 3 91
Social-Emotional RTI With Embedded Trauma Practices 93
Adverse Childhood Experiences 94
Tier 1 94
Tier 2 95
Tier 3 96
Data Collection and Decision-Making Under Social-Emotional RTI 97
Devereux Student Strengths Assessment Mini (DESSA-mini) 97
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire 98
Culturally Responsive Practices and Social-Emotional RTI 99
Conclusion 100
Case Example 104
Discussion Questions 106
Chapter 6 Suicide Intervention and Prevention 107
Learning Objectives 107
Introduction to Suicide Prevention and Intervention 107
Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment 109
Description of Tiers Under Suicide Prevention and Intervention 112
Tier 1 113
Tier 2 116
Tier 3 119
Helping Students At-Risk for Suicide Program 122
Data Collection and Decision-Making Under Suicide Prevention and Intervention 124
Viewing Suicide Through a Cultural Lens 127
Cultural Theory and Model of Suicide 128
Culturally Responsive Practices and Suicide Prevention and Intervention 129
Conclusion 130
Case Example 134
Discussion Questions 136
Chapter 7 Overcoming Challenges to MTSS Implementation 137
Learning Objectives 137
Challenges to MTSS Implementation 137
Misperceptions Regarding MTSS 138
Obtaining Educator Buy-In 139
Maintaining Fidelity 140
Addressing Concerns Over School Resources 141
Overcoming Barriers to MTSS Implementation 142
Creating a Needs Assessment 142
Step 1 Identification of Key Stakeholders 143
Step 2 Identification of Goals, Objectives, and Parameters 143
Step 3 Identification of Perceived Strengths and Weaknesses 143
Step 4 Collection of Existing Data and Analysis 144
Step 5 Pilot Testing the Needs Assessment 144
Step 6 Outlining a Timeline and Data Collection 144
Resource Mapping 145
Enhancing Educator Buy-In 146
Maintaining Fidelity 147
Addressing Concerns Over Time and Resources 149
Optimizing MTSS Through Implementation Science 150
Implementation Drivers 151
Conclusion 153
Discussion Questions 154
Chapter 8 Roles and Responsibilities Under MTSS 155
Learning Objectives 155
Introduction 155
Evolution of School Psychology 156
School Psychologist Roles and Responsibilities 157
Program Evaluation 158
Fidelity Management 160
Data Collection and Interpretation 162
Current Limitations in School Psychology Practice 163
Administrative Support for School Psychologist Role Reallocation 164
General Education Teacher Roles and Responsibilities 166
Evolution of Special Education Teacher Practice 167
Current Special Education Teacher Roles and Responsibilities 167
School Counselor Roles and Responsibilities 168
School Administrator Roles and Responsibilities 169
Conclusion 172
Discussion Questions 173
Chapter 9 Implementation of MTSS in Alternative Settings 174
Learning Objectives 174
An Introduction to Alternative Practice Settings 174
The Need for MTSS in Alternative Practice Settings 175
Characteristics of Individuals in Alternative Practice Settings 176
Considerations for implementing MTSS in Alternative Settings 177
Consideration 1 Individuals in Alternative Settings Have Significant Concerns 177
Consideration 2 Personnel Working in Alternative Settings 178
Consideration 3 Overcoming Foully Past Practices 179
Consideration 4 Data Collection and Analysis 179
Consideration 5 24-Hour MTSS Implementation 180
Consideration 6 Acquisition of School Psychologists 181
Conclusion 182
Case Example 183
Discussion Questions 185
Appendix A Response to Intervention Flowchart 186
Appendix B School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Flowchart 187
Appendix C Social-Emotional RTI Flowchart 188
Appendix D Suicide Prevention and Intervention Flowchart 189
Appendix E All Intervention Service Delivery Models 190
Glossary 193
References 198
Index 217
