Molecular Basis of Calcium Signaling in Lymphocytes: STIM and ORAI
Ca2+ entry into cells of the peripheral immune system occurs through highly Ca2+-selective channels known as CRAC (calcium release-activated calcium) channels. CRAC channels are a very well-characterized example of store-operated Ca2+ channels, so designated because they open when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store becomes depleted. Physiologically, Ca2+ is released from the ER lumen into the cytoplasm when activated receptors couple to phospholipase C and trigger production of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 binds to IP3 receptors in the ER membrane and activates Ca2+ release. The proteins STIM and ORAI were discovered through limited and genome-wide RNAi screens, respectively, performed in Drosophila cells and focused on identifying modulators of store-operated Ca2+ entry. STIM1 and STIM2 sense the depletion of ER Ca2+ stores, whereas ORAI1 is a pore subunit of the CRAC channel. In this review, we discuss selected aspects of Ca2+ signaling in cells of the immune system, focusing on the roles of STIM and ORAI proteins in store-operated Ca2+ entry.
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Molecular Basis of Calcium Signaling in Lymphocytes: STIM and ORAI
Ca2+ entry into cells of the peripheral immune system occurs through highly Ca2+-selective channels known as CRAC (calcium release-activated calcium) channels. CRAC channels are a very well-characterized example of store-operated Ca2+ channels, so designated because they open when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store becomes depleted. Physiologically, Ca2+ is released from the ER lumen into the cytoplasm when activated receptors couple to phospholipase C and trigger production of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 binds to IP3 receptors in the ER membrane and activates Ca2+ release. The proteins STIM and ORAI were discovered through limited and genome-wide RNAi screens, respectively, performed in Drosophila cells and focused on identifying modulators of store-operated Ca2+ entry. STIM1 and STIM2 sense the depletion of ER Ca2+ stores, whereas ORAI1 is a pore subunit of the CRAC channel. In this review, we discuss selected aspects of Ca2+ signaling in cells of the immune system, focusing on the roles of STIM and ORAI proteins in store-operated Ca2+ entry.
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Molecular Basis of Calcium Signaling in Lymphocytes: STIM and ORAI
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Product Details
| BN ID: | 2940013316911 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Annual Reviews |
| Publication date: | 10/21/2011 |
| Series: | Annual Review of Immunology , #28 |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 42 |
| File size: | 7 MB |
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