Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xi
List of Illustrations xiii
Preface for Instructors 1
Why Digital Literacy? 1
Features of This Guide 4
New to the Second Edition 5
The Crucial Role of Librarians 6
1 What Is Digital Literacy? 7
Principles That Inform This Guide 8
How This Guide Is Organized 14
2 Understanding Filters and Algorithms, Bots, and Visual Manipulation 16
Filters and Algorithms 16
Algorithmic Bias 19
Bots 21
Visual Manipulation 22
Read about It 25
"The Polarization of Extremes," Cass R. Sunstein 25
3 Understanding Online Searches 31
What Is the Difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet? 31
Understanding Domain Names 33
Scholarly Peer Review 34
Try It 35
1 Represent the relation between the Internet and the World Wide Web.
2 Practice keeping track of your daily website visits.
3 Test your knowledge of domain names.
4 Ponder the role of domain names in judging credibility.
5 Review types of online information sources.
4 Conducting Online Research 37
Choosing Keywords to "Catch the Tenor" of the Conversation 37
Conducting Broad Searches 38
Conducting Narrow Searches 40
Navigating Google Scholar 45
Practicing Inclusive Search and Citation Habits 45
Using a Search Engine's Help Features 46
Searching Library Catalogs and Databases 47
Reviewing Your Search Results 48
Determining a Source's Relevance 49
Try It 53
1 Contemplate your role in source driven writing.
2 Understand relevance.
3 Recognize the value of inclusive search and citation practices.
4 Practice documenting a broad search.
5 Practice narrowing online searches.
5 Go to the (Primary) Source! 57
What Are Primary and Secondary Sources? 57
I Found the Primary Source-Now What? 63
Try It 76
1 Practice finding primary sources.
2 Practice distinguishing primary sources from secondary sources.
3 Practice rhetorical reading.
4 Compose a rhetorical analysis of a visual source.
5 Practice writing a twenty-five-word summary.
6 Surveying the Conversation by Reading Laterally 78
What Is Reading Laterally? 78
Lateral and Vertical Reading Compared 79
Planning Where to Go Next 83
Understanding Your Biases and Emotional Responses As You Read Laterally 84
Recognizing Psychological Phenomena As You Read 89
Try It 89
1 Understand what it means to read laterally.
2 Practice reading laterally.
3 Practice recognizing your emotional responses to sources.
4 Address the implications of psychological phenomena on your research.
7 Exploring the Credibility of Sources 91
Exploring an Author's Credibility 91
Exploring a Source's Credibility through Publication Context 93
Recognizing Bias: A Closer Look 96
What about the Credibility of Wikipedia and Other Wikis? 101
Recognizing Misinformation and Disinformation 101
Try It 105
1 Practice determining an author's credibility.
2 Practice determining sources' biases.
3 Pay attention to an author's word choice.
4 Notice labeling.
5 Explore Wikipedia.
Read about It 107
"A Real History of Fake News," John Maxwell Hamilton Heidi Tworek 107
8 Working with Your Sources 114
How to Use Sources 114
Synthesizing Your Sources 115
Avoiding Plagiarism 116
Try It 117
1 Explore how an author uses sources.
2 Explore how an author contributes ideas to a conversation.
3 Practice using sources for more than support.
4 Annotate to reflect on your use of sources.
5 Conduct research about how a discipline uses sources
9 Additional Strategies and Resources 121
Fact-Checking Websites 121
Conducting Reverse Searches 123
Try It 129
1 Ponder the uses of reverse searches.
2 Practice conducting a reverse image search.
3 Practice using fact checking sites.
4 Locate other fact checking sites and determine their biases.
5 Determine hoaxes.
10 Composing in Digital Spaces 131
Drawing on What You Already Know about Digital Composition 131
Creating Multimodal Projects in Digital Spaces 132
Rhetorical Considerations for Multimodal Composing in Digital Spaces 134
Additional Considerations for Composing in Digital Spaces 135
Try It 138
3 Identify the five modes of communication.
2 Practice working with the modes of communication.
3 Practice conveying a visual argument.
4 Understand accessibility.
5 Define Creative Commons licensing
11 Customizing Your Online Experience 139
Adjusting Your Preferences 139
Making Informed Decisions about Social Media Platforms 140
Using Sharing, Liking, and Other Social Signals to Your Advantage 140
Avoiding Clickbait 141
Try It 143
1 Ponder the value of customizing your online experience.
2 Research social media platforms.
3 Practice adjusting niters.
4 Develop clickbait headlines.
5 Recognize how clickbait works.
Appendix: Sample Lesson Plans 145
Lesson Plan 1 Searching for Sources and Analyzing Their Credibility 145
Lesson Plan 2 Reading Sources 147
Lesson Plan 3 Exploring the Concept of Fake News 149
Lesson Plan 4 Understanding Algorithmic Bias and Personalization 152
Works Cited 155
