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Overview
Sources for metals are sorted by metal and alloy and backed by basic chemical background information and process set up. Overviews on worldwide ore distribution, refined metal and alloy production numbers are another focus of the book.
- Discusses sources, key processes and applications.
- Connects what students learn in class to real, large-scale metals chemistry that makes modern life possible.
- Intended for students, graduate students and beginners in the fiield of Chemistry, Chemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science.
- Visit degruyter.com for more information on books by Mark A. Benvenuto: Industrial Chemistry (2013), Industrial Chemistry: For Advanced Students (2015) and Industrial Inorganic Chemistry (2015).
About the Author:
Mark Anthony Benvenuto
A Fellow of the American Chemical Society, he received his PhD in inorganic chemistry from the University of Virginia. After a post-doctoral fellowship at the Pennsylvania State University, he joined the University of Detroit Mercy, where he is now the Department Chairman and teaches an industrial chemistry course.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9783110407846 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | De Gruyter |
| Publication date: | 06/06/2016 |
| Series: | De Gruyter Textbook |
| Pages: | 165 |
| Product dimensions: | 6.69(w) x 9.45(h) x (d) |
| Age Range: | 18 Years |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface v
1 Introduction and overview 1
1.1 Historic, ancient 1
1.2 Large-scale use 1
1.3 Eighteenth and nineteenth century discoveries 2
1.4 Modern, niche uses 2
1.5 Modern, major use metals 3
1.6 Recycling and re-use 3
2 Copper 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Refining and isolation 6
2.3 Uses 8
2.3.1 Piping 8
2.3.2 Wiring and machinery 8
2.3.3 Coinage 8
2.4 Bronze 10
2.5 Brass 10
2.6 Other alloys 11
2.7 Possible substitutes 11
2.8 Recycling 12
3 Tin 13
3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Refining and isolation 13
3.3 Tin, uses and applications 15
3.3.1 Solders 15
3.3.2 Plating 15
3.3.3 Niobium-tin 16
3.3.4 Glass production 16
3.3.5 Tin in polyvinyl chloride 16
3.4 Possible substitutes 17
3.5 Recycling 17
4 Zinc 19
4.1 Introduction 19
4.2 Refining and isolation 19
4.3 Uses 21
4.3.1 Galvanizing 21
4.3.2 Nickel silver 21
4.3.3 Solders 22
4.3.4 Paint pigments 22
4.3.5 Sacrificial anodes 23
4.3.6 Batteries 23
4.4 Possible substitutes 23
4.5 Recycling 24
5 Pewter 25
5.1 Introduction 25
5.2 Production 25
5.3 History and traditional uses 26
5.4 Modern applications 26
5.5 Recycling 26
6 Gold 29
6.1 Introduction 29
6.2 Refining and isolation 29
6.3 The carat system - 18,14,12,10 Carat 33
6.4 Uses 33
6.4.1 Jewelry 33
6.4.2 Investment coins 34
6.4.3 Electronics 35
6.5 White gold 35
6.6 Possible substitutes 36
6.7 Recycling 36
7 Silver 37
7.1 Introduction 37
7.2 Retining and Isolation 38
7.3 Uses 39
7.3.1 Jewelry 39
7.3.2 Silverware 40
7.3.3 Investment coins 40
7.3.4 Photography 40
7.3.5 Batteries 41
7.3.6 Electronics 41
7.3.7 Ethylene oxide 41
7.4 Possible substitutes 42
7.5 Recycling 42
8 Iron and steel 43
8.1 Introduction 43
8.2 Ore sources 45
8.3 Steel production 47
8.4 Uses of iron and steel 50
8.5 By-product production 51
8.6 Recycling 52
9 Platinum group metals 55
9.1 Introduction 55
9.2 Sources, refining and isolation 55
9.3 Uses 58
9.3.1 Ruthenium 58
9.3.2 Osmium 59
9.3.3 Rhodium 59
9.3.4 Iridium 59
9.3.5 Palladium 60
9.3.6 Platinum 61
9.4 Possible substitutes 62
9.5 Recycling 62
10 Nickel 65
10.1 Introduction 65
10.2 Refining and isolation 66
10.3 Uses 67
10.3.1 Steels 67
10.3.2 Superalloys 67
10.3.3 Shape memory alloys 68
10.3.4 Plating 68
10.3.5 Nickels 68
10.4 Possible substitutes 69
10.5 Recycling 70
11 Aluminum 71
11.1 Introduction 71
11.2 Refining and isolation, the Hall-Heroult process 72
11.3 Uses 73
11.4 Possible substitutes 74
11.5 Recycling 75
12 Titanium 77
12.1 Introduction 77
12.2 Location and sources 77
12.3 Refining and isolation 79
12.3.1 The Kroll process 79
12.3.2 The Hunter process 80
12.4 Uses 80
12.4.1 High strength alloys 80
12.4.2 Pigments, titanium white or titanium dioxide 81
12.5 Possible substitutes 81
12.6 Recycling 82
13 Magnesium 83
13.1 Introduction 83
13.2 Refining and isolation 83
13.3 Uses 85
13.3.1 Elemental magnesium 85
13.3.2 Magnesium-aluminum alloys 86
13.3.3 Castings 86
13.3.4 Automotive 87
13.3.5 Aerospace 87
13.3.6 Electronic 87
13.4 Possible substitutes 88
13.5 Recycling 88
14 Uranium and thorium 89
14.1 Introduction 89
14.2 Refining and isolation 89
14.2.1 Uranium isolation and refining 89
14.2.2 Thorium isolation and refining 91
14.3.1 Power generation 93
14.3.2 Weaponry 93
14.3.3 Compounds and uses 93
14.4 Possible substitutes 94
14.5 Recycling 94
15 Americium 97
15.1 Introduction 97
15.2 Refining and isolation 97
15.3 Uses 98
15.3.1 Smoke detectors 98
15.3.2 Other uses 98
15.4 Recycling 99
16 Mercury 101
16.1 Introduction 101
16.2 Refining and isolation 101
16.3 Uses 103
16.3.1 Chlor-alkali process 103
16.3.2 Barometers and thermometers 104
16.3.3 Amalgams and compounds 104
16.4 Possible substitutes 104
16.5 Recycling 105
17 Lanthanides 107
17.1 Introduction 107
17.2 Refining and isolation 107
17.3 Uses 112
17.3.1 Catalysts 113
17.3.2 Magnets, Nd2Fe14B, plus SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 113
17.3.3 Alloys 114
17.3.4 Heavy rare earth element uses 115
17.4 Possible substitutes 115
17.5 Recycling 115
18 Lead 117
18.1 Introduction 117
18.2 History 117
18.3 Refining and isolation 118
18.4 Uses 121
18.4.1 Batteries 121
15.4.1 Construction material 121
18.4.1 Ammunition, hunting and military 122
18.4.2 Alloys 122
18.5 Possible substitutes 122
18.6 Recycling 122
19 Tungsten 125
19.1 Introduction 125
19.2 Refining and isolation 129
19.3 Uses 130
19.3.1 Carbide parts 130
19.3.2 High-strength alloys 131
19.4 Possible substitutes 131
19.5 Recycling 131
20 Tantalum and niobium 133
20.1 Introduction 133
20.2 Refining and isolation 135
20.3 Uses 136
20.3.1 Major uses 136
20.3.2 Wiring and magnets 137
20.3.3 Niobium coinage 137
20.4 Possible substitutes 137
20.5 Recycling 138
21 Sodium 139
21.1 Introduction 139
21.2 Refining and isolation 140
21.2.1 Downs cell 140
21.2.2 Chlor-alkali process 141
21.3 Uses 141
21.3.1 Sodium borohydride 142
21.3.2 Sodium azide, NaN3 142
21.3.3 Triphenylphosphine, P(C6H5)3 143
21.3.4 Reactor moderator material 143
21.3.5 Alloying agent 143
21.5.1 Sodium vapor lamps 143
21.4 Recycling 144
22 Lithium 145
22.1 Introduction 145
22.2 Refining and isolation 145
22.3 Uses 146
22.3.1 Lightweight alloys 147
22.3.2 Batteries 147
22.4 Possible substitutes 148
22.5 Recycling 148
Index 151