Martians of Science: Five Physicists Who Changed the Twentieth Century
If science has the equivalent of a Bloomsbury group, it is the five men born at the turn of the twentieth century in Budapest: Theodore von Kármán, Leo Szilard, Eugene Wigner, John von Neumann, and Edward Teller. From Hungary to Germany to the United States, they remained friends and continued to work together and influence each other throughout their lives. As a result, their work was integral to some of the most important scientific and political developments of the twentieth century.
István Hargittai tells the story of this remarkable group: Wigner won a Nobel Prize in theoretical physics; Szilard was the first to see that a chain reaction based on neutrons was possible, initiated the Manhattan Project, but left physics to try to restrict nuclear arms; von Neumann could solve difficult problems in his head and developed the modern computer for more complex problems; von Kármán became the first director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, providing the scientific basis for the U.S. Air Force; and Teller was the father of the hydrogen bomb, whose name is now synonymous with the controversial "Star Wars" initiative of the 1980s. Each was fiercely opinionated, politically active, and fought against all forms of totalitarianism.
Hargittai, as a young Hungarian physical chemist, was able to get to know some of these great men in their later years, and the depth of information and human interest in The Martians of Science is the result of his personal relationships with the subjects, their families, and their contemporaries.
"1117317278"
Martians of Science: Five Physicists Who Changed the Twentieth Century
If science has the equivalent of a Bloomsbury group, it is the five men born at the turn of the twentieth century in Budapest: Theodore von Kármán, Leo Szilard, Eugene Wigner, John von Neumann, and Edward Teller. From Hungary to Germany to the United States, they remained friends and continued to work together and influence each other throughout their lives. As a result, their work was integral to some of the most important scientific and political developments of the twentieth century.
István Hargittai tells the story of this remarkable group: Wigner won a Nobel Prize in theoretical physics; Szilard was the first to see that a chain reaction based on neutrons was possible, initiated the Manhattan Project, but left physics to try to restrict nuclear arms; von Neumann could solve difficult problems in his head and developed the modern computer for more complex problems; von Kármán became the first director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, providing the scientific basis for the U.S. Air Force; and Teller was the father of the hydrogen bomb, whose name is now synonymous with the controversial "Star Wars" initiative of the 1980s. Each was fiercely opinionated, politically active, and fought against all forms of totalitarianism.
Hargittai, as a young Hungarian physical chemist, was able to get to know some of these great men in their later years, and the depth of information and human interest in The Martians of Science is the result of his personal relationships with the subjects, their families, and their contemporaries.
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Martians of Science: Five Physicists Who Changed the Twentieth Century

Martians of Science: Five Physicists Who Changed the Twentieth Century

by Istvan Hargittai
Martians of Science: Five Physicists Who Changed the Twentieth Century

Martians of Science: Five Physicists Who Changed the Twentieth Century

by Istvan Hargittai

Paperback(Reprint)

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Overview

If science has the equivalent of a Bloomsbury group, it is the five men born at the turn of the twentieth century in Budapest: Theodore von Kármán, Leo Szilard, Eugene Wigner, John von Neumann, and Edward Teller. From Hungary to Germany to the United States, they remained friends and continued to work together and influence each other throughout their lives. As a result, their work was integral to some of the most important scientific and political developments of the twentieth century.
István Hargittai tells the story of this remarkable group: Wigner won a Nobel Prize in theoretical physics; Szilard was the first to see that a chain reaction based on neutrons was possible, initiated the Manhattan Project, but left physics to try to restrict nuclear arms; von Neumann could solve difficult problems in his head and developed the modern computer for more complex problems; von Kármán became the first director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, providing the scientific basis for the U.S. Air Force; and Teller was the father of the hydrogen bomb, whose name is now synonymous with the controversial "Star Wars" initiative of the 1980s. Each was fiercely opinionated, politically active, and fought against all forms of totalitarianism.
Hargittai, as a young Hungarian physical chemist, was able to get to know some of these great men in their later years, and the depth of information and human interest in The Martians of Science is the result of his personal relationships with the subjects, their families, and their contemporaries.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780195365566
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publication date: 06/09/2008
Edition description: Reprint
Pages: 368
Product dimensions: 6.10(w) x 9.20(h) x 1.10(d)

About the Author

István Hargittai is Professor of Chemistry and head of the George A. Olah PhD School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. He is a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and has lectured in some 30 countries and taught at several universities in the United States. His books include the Candid Science series of his collected interviews with famous scientists, The Road to Stockholm, and Our Lives.

Table of Contents


Introduction     xix
Arrival and Departure     3
Family Origins and Early Childhood     3
Gem and Less: Gimnazium Experience     11
Background in Hungary and First Transition     17
Turning Points in Germany     33
Theodore von Karman     33
Leo Szilard     42
Eugene P. Wigner     50
John von Neumann     57
Edward Teller     59
Second Transition: To the United States     65
Theodore von Karman     66
Leo Szilard     71
Eugene P. Wigner     79
John von Neumann     81
Edward Teller     83
"To Protect and Defend": World War II     89
Theodore von Karman     90
Leo Szilard     96
Eugene P. Wigner     115
John von Neumann     122
Edward Teller     126
To Deter: Cold War     131
Theodore von Karman     133
Leo Szilard     138
Eugene P. Wigner     154
John von Neumann     156
Edward Teller     160
Being Martian     187
Comparisons     187
Traits     211
Religion and Jewishness     225
Being Hungarian     227
Epilogue     229
Greatness in Science     229
Had They Lived...     234
Conclusion     238
Sampler of Quotable Martians     241
Notes     253
Select Bibliography     289
Chronologies     295
Index     303
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