Managing Diversity: Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace

by Michalle E. Mor Barak

Overview

The award-winning Managing Diversity: Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace uses an interdisciplinary approach to provide you with an understanding of diversity from a global perspective. Author Michalle E. Mor Barak offers practical guidelines to help managers create an inclusive workplace and develop an organizational culture that embraces diversity. The Fifth Edition includes expanded coverage of environmental justice, disability diversity, LGBTQ+ diversity, and inclusive leadership.

 

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781544333076
Publisher:	SAGE Publications
Publication date:	02/16/2022
Edition description:	Fifth Edition
Pages:	512
Sales rank:	1,006,666
Product dimensions:	7.38(w) x 9.12(h) x (d)

About the Author

Michàlle Mor Barak, Ph D, is the Dean Endowed Professor of Social Work and Business at the University of Southern California (USC) with a joint appointment at the Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and the Marshall School of Business. She served as the Founding Chair of the Department of Social Change and Innovation (SCI) and the Chair of the Ph D Program. A Principal Investigator on several large research projects, she has published extensively in the areas of global diversity and inclusion climate. Her research and scholarly work were funded by national and international foundations and corporations, including the Rockefeller Foundation, the Department of Defense, Army Research Institute (DOD-ARI), Nike, TRW Aerospace & Defense, Southern California Edison, and the Wellness Foundation.

Mor Barak was invited to give keynote addresses at national and international gatherings such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Global Inclusion Conference, Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) International Conference, and the Women’s Global Forum on the Economy and Society. She received grants to lead prestigious conferences around the world, including from the Rockefeller Foundation to lead an international conference on global workforce diversity at the Foundation’s Villa Serbelloni in Bellagio, Italy, and from the Borchard Foundation’s grant to lead a global think tank of scholars on diversity management at the Château de la Bretesche, in France. Her original measures of diversity climate and climate for inclusion have been widely used nationally and internationally and were translated to more than 10 languages, including Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, and Turkish.

Mor Barak won Best Paper awards including the Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, from the Academy of Management Annual Conference, and from the Journal of Human Service Organizations and was ranked among the top authors of the most influential articles in the social work discipline. She was inducted to the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare (AASWSW) and received awards of distinction, including a Fulbright award, Academy of Management Division of Gender and Diversity in Organizations, the Lady Davis award, the University of California Regents Award, and the Franklin C. Sterlin Distinguished Faculty Award. The first edition of this book, Managing Diversity: Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace, received accolades in academic journals such as the Academy of Management Learning and Educational Journal, Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, and Profiles in Diversity Journal, and won the Association of College and University Libraries’ Choice Award for Best Titles and the Academy of Management’s prestigious Terry Best Book award for “the most significant contribution to management knowledge”.

Table of Contents

List of Boxes, Figures, and Tables xv

Preface xx

Acknowledgments xxx

About the Author xxxiv

Chapter 1 Introduction and Conceptual Framework 1

The Challenge of Managing Diversity in a Global Context 2

Tensions Posed by Global Workforce Trends 4

Diversity and Exclusion: A Critical Workforce Problem 6

The Inclusive Workplace Model 8

Conceptual Framework and Organization of the Book 10

Summary and Conclusion 11

Note 12

Part I The Global Context for Diversity Management 13

Chapter 2 Diversity Legislation in a Global Perspective: Equality and Fairness in Employment 14

The International Bill of Human Rights and Employment Rights 14

Importance and Influence of the Declaration of Human Rights 20

Implementation 22

Diversity-Related Employment Legislation 24

Broad-Based Anti-discrimination Legislation 25

Race-South Africa 28

Gender-Japan 28

Equal Remuneration-United Slates 30

Sexual Orientation-International 31

Gender Identity-United States and International 32

Antisexual Harassment Legislation-International 37

Practical Implications 44

Summary and Conclusion 46

Supplement 2.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 47

Universal Declaration of Human Rights 47

Supplement 2.2 Global Antidiscrimination and Equal Rights Legislation Checklist of Protections Offered by a Select Number of Countries 53

Notes 57

Chapter 3 Discrimination, Equality and Fairness in Employment: Social Policies and Affirmative/Positive Action Programs 59

Discrimination and Equality in Employment 60

Theoretical Perspectives of Discrimination and Affirmative Action 64

Social Policies and Affirmative/Positive Action Programs 65

Legal Arrangements for Affirmative 3nd Positive Action Policies 66

Principles of Affirmative Action and Positive Action Programs 70

Specific Goats and Target Population 70

Policies and Activities 71

Enforcement, Incentives, and Sanctions 74

The Public Debate Over Affirmative and Positive Action Policies 74

Summary and Conclusion 79

Notes 81

Websites 81

Chapter 4 Global Demographic Trends: Impact on Workforce Diversity 82

International Population Trends 83

Trends in the Working Age Population 86

Migration Ti ends 90

National Trends 96

Gender Diversity 96

Age Diversity 99

Racial and Ethnic Diversity 102

Ability and Disability Diversity 105

Sexual Orientation Diversity 106

Gender Identity Diversity 106

Summary and Conclusion 107

Notes 108

Chapter 5 Socioeconomic Transitions: The New Realities of the Global Workforce 110

Worker Migration 112

Occupational Diversity 116

Migration of Employers 119

Implications for Diversity of Gender, Disability, and Sexual Orientation 124

Educational Trends and Workforce Diversity 126

Summary and Conclusion 130

Notes 131

Part II Social Psychological Perspectives of Workplace Diversity 133

Chapter 6 Defining Diversity in a Global Context: Prejudice and Discrimination 134

Workforce Diversity Defined 136

Narrow Category-Based Diversity Definitions 138

Broad Category-Based Diversity Definitions 146

Diversity Definitions Based on a Conceptual Rule 148

Moving Toward a Global Definition of Diversity 149

Stereotypes and Prejudice 152

Dehumanization and Oppression 164

Employment-Related Discrimination 166

Summary and Conclusion 168

Notes 170

Chapter 7 Vive la Différence?: Theoretical Perspectives on Diversity and Exclusion in the Workplace 172

Diversity and Exclusion: A Critical Workforce Problem 173

Overview of Social Psychological Theories of Diversity and Exclusion 176

Theoretical Underpinnings of the Inclusion-Exclusion Construct 177

Orienting Theories of Diversity and Exclusion 177

Explanatory Theories of Diversity and Exclusion 179

Explanatory Theories Addressing Question 1: Why Do Employees Feet Excluded in Their Workplace? 179

Limitation of Social Identity Theory in Understanding Diversity and Exclusion 186

Implications of Social Identity Theory to Diversity and Exclusion 187

Social Comparison Theory and Symbolic Interaction Theory 190

Explanatory Theories Addressing Question 2: How Can Experiences of Exclusion Influence Employee Attitudes, Behaviors and Performance? 191

Explanatory Theories Addressing Question 3: Why Are There Conflicts Between Groups in the Workplace? 196

Research on Organizational Demography Documenting Exclusion 196

Summary and Conclusion 201

Notes 204

Chapter 8 Culture and Communication in the Global Workplace 205

The Cultural Context for the Global Workplace 205

Cultural Value Dimensions 207

Power Distance 209

Individualism Versus Collectivism 209

Masculinity Versus Femininity 210

Avoidance of Uncertainty 211

Long- Versus Short-Term Orientation 212

Indulgence Versus Restraint 212

Summary and Critique of Hofstede's Framework 213

The GLOBE Study 215

Cross-Cultural Communication 216

Effective Cross-Cultural Communication 218

Verbal Communication 219

Language Fluency and Cultural Fluency 222

Nonverbal Communication 223

Cross-Cultural Communication Styles 227

Summary and Conclusion 229

Notes 230

Chapter 9 Interpersonal Relationships in a Global Work Context 231

Cultural Styles and Relational Mental Models 233

Diversity in Interpersonal Relationships 236

Emotional Detachment Versus Emotional Involvement 236

Conflict and Harmony 240

Interpersonal Relationships and Cross-Cultural Communication 241

Theoretical Perspectives on Interpersonal Cross-Cultural Communication 242

Face and Harmony Orientation 244

Relationship Versus Task Orientation 244

Direct Versus Indirect Communication 245

Summary and Conclusion 247

Note 248

Part III Managing a Diverse Workforce in the Global Context: The Inclusive Workplace 249

Chapter 10 Diversity Management: Paradigms, Rationale, and Key Elements 250

Defining Diversity Management 250

From Equal Rights Laws to Affirmative/Positive Action, to Diversity Management 254

Diversity Management Paradigms 258

The Human Resource Paradigm in Diversity Management 258

The Multicultural Organization Paradigm in Diversity Management 262

Models of Global Diversity Management 263

The Impetus for Implementing Diversity Management 265

Characteristics and Limitations of Diversity Management 267

Summary and Conclusion 269

Notes 270

Chapter 11 Inclusive Leadership: Unlocking the Diversity Potential 271

Leadership Dilemmas and the Diversity Paradox 272

Transformational Leadership, Inclusive Leadership, and the Organizations Competitive Advantage 273

Organizational Leadership and Inclusion 275

Inclusive Leadership 275

Leadership and Policy-Practice Decoupling 277

Policy-Practice Decoupling Within Levels and Between Levels 279

Inclusive Leadership from the Ground Up-Leadership Emergence 280

Inclusive Leadership from the Top: The Central Role of CEOs 281

Inclusive Leadership in the Middle: Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) 285

Summary and Conclusion 287

Chapter 12 Overview of the Inclusive Workplace Model 289

Level I Inclusion Through Diversity Within the Work Organization 289

Overview of the Inclusive Workplace Model 290

The inclusive Workplace: Level I 292

Inclusive Policies and Practices 293

Barriers and Benefits of Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level I 297

Barriers 297

Benefits 298

Summary and Conclusion 302

Chapter 13 The Inclusive Workplace Model 303

Level II Inclusion Through Corporate-Community Collaborations 303

Level III Inclusion Through State/National Collaborations 303

Level II Inclusion Through Corporate-Community Collaborations 303

Inclusive Policies and Practices 305

Barriers and Benefits of Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level II 308

Barriers 308

Benefits 309

Level II Summary and Conclusion 310

Level III Inclusion Through State/National Collaborations 311

Barriers and Benefits of Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level III 314

Barriers 314

Benefits 314

Level III Summary and Conclusion 316

Chapter 14 The Inclusive Workplace Model 318

Level IV Inclusion Through International Collaborations 318

Level V Inclusion Through Environmental Sustainability and Justice 318

The Inclusive Workplace: Level IV 318

Barriers and Benefits to Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level IV 322

Barriers 322

Benefits 322

Summary and Conclusion Level IV 324

The Inclusive Workplace: Level V 324

Barriers and Benefits to Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level V 326

Barriers 326

Benefits 326

Summary and Conclusion Level V 328

Notes 329

Chapter 15 Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace: Putting the Pieces Together 331

The Value Base for the Inclusive Workplace 332

Implementation of the Inclusive Workplace 333

Practical Steps for Creating an Inclusive Workplace: Climate for Diversity, Climate for Inclusion, and Survey Scales 337

Climate for Diversity and Climate for inclusion 338

Assessment of Climate for Diversity and Climate for Inclusion-Survey Scales 340

The Climate for Inclusion-Exclusion Scale [MBIE] 340

Psychometric Properties and Previous Research Using the Measure 342

The Mor Barak et al. Diversity Climate Scale 348

Overview 348

Psychometric Properties and Previous Research Using the Measure 350

Conclusion 354

Note 356

Appendix 1 Case Illustration: Level I-Inclusion Through Diversity Within Work Organizations-Denny's, Inc. 357

Homogenous History 357

The "New Face" of Denny's 359

Diversity Changes 359

Awards and Impact 363

Continued Legal Trouble 364

Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 366

Summary and Conclusion 366

Appendix 2 Case Illustration: Level II-Inclusion Through Corporate-Community Collaboration-Unilever 367

Unilever and Palm Oil 367

Importance of Palm Oil 368

The Oil Palm Tree Industry 368

Current Trends 368

Impact of Palm Plantations 369

Environmental 369

Social 369

Economic 370

Unilever's Sustainability Development 370

Sustainable Agriculture Initiative 372

Implementation of the Sustainable Development Plan 373

Unilever's Commitments Related to Palm Oil 374

Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 375

Appendix 3 Case Illustration: Level III-Inclusion of Disadvantaged Groups at the National/State Level-Eurest 376

History of the Aboriginals 376

Australia's Plan to Mend the Injustices 377

New Laws and Policies 377

Indigenous Employment Policy 378

Eurest/Compass 379

Indigenous Training and Employment Program 379

Awards 381

Continuing Controversy 381

Closing the Gap 382

Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 383

Appendix 4 Case Illustration: Level IV-Inclusion Through Global Collaborations-Fair Trade Company 384

Fair Trade History 385

Principles of Fair Trade 386

Market Expansion 386

Example of the Costs of Fair-Trade Goods 386

Global Village and Fair-Trade Company 387

Need for Options in Japan 387

Fair Trade and Gender Inequality in Less-Developed Countries 387

Formula for Success 388

Fair Trade Future 389

Fair Trade Product Certifications 389

Fair Trade Impact on Producing Countries 389

Fair Trade Towns, Colleges, Schools, and Congregations 389

Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 390

Appendix 5 Case Illustration: Level V-Inclusion Through Sustainability and Environmental Justice-Uranium Nines Deadly Legacy at the Navajo Nation 391

History of Uranium Mines on Navajo Land 391

Health impacts 392

Legal Action 392

Cleanup Efforts and Lingering Mistrust 393

Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 394

References 395

Index 461

Editorial Reviews

"An excellent text focusing on the concept of diversity from a global perspective. It provides models that businesses, as well as governments, can use to increase inclusiveness not inside an organization, but for the stakeholders as well."

Dan Krejci

“I like the globalization aspect of the text. We, as a business school, embrace the notion and incorporate globalization as much as possible in most of our classes.”

Ralph Braithwaite

Praise from the previous edition:
"A useful introduction into diversity issues for all professions, but especially to my business students specializing into HRM."

Ms Elizabeth San Miguel

Praise from the previous edition:
"It is challenging to find text books that offer a global perspective on diversity. This proved to be a useful text."

Mrs Michelle Blackburn

“An excellent resource to develop, theorize, and work out the inclusive workplace in a very comprehensive, encompassing, and interdisciplinary way…Boxes, tables, graphs, and figures as well as practical examples and empirical illustrations…make the book very interesting for both the conceptual, pedagogical research interest and the practical, educational interest.”

Cordula Barzantny

Praise from the previous edition:
"The book provides a succinct account of the historical and theoretical development leading to managing diversity in the workplace. Its inclusion of checklist and comparison tables of national legislations relating to equality and fairness in employment is most useful for students and managers to understand the wide adoption of measures leading to managing the globally invlusive workplace. Professor Mor Barak has rightly developed her managing diversity theory in organizational, community, state and international contexts upon the global social, economic and demographic trends. She has also developed in detail how managing diversity is achieved in various levels. It provides a handy handbook for students pursuing a course on diversity workplace."

Mr. Hoi Wah MAK

Praise from the previous edition:
"For those students undertaking a Business Degree or Human Resource Management course, this book provides some excellent guidance on how to manage diversity in the workplace. It gives some useful examples and expands the concept of diversity to wider elements."

Mrs. Anita Mc Gowan

“This book introduces a unique and refreshing prism that is highly useful for managers and scholars alike. The authentic examples and case studies bring the content to life and make this book a very interesting and captivating read. Managing Diversity is a ‘must read’ for managers who need to effectively manage today’s diverse work force in order to survive and thrive in the global economy.”

Alan D. Levy

Praise from the previous edition:
"This is a very interesting book that is well organized and written for today's management student. The combination of theory, cases, and straightforward, practical insight make this a fine text to work with for a course dealing with management across global culture."

Dr. Keith Hunter

“Excellent focus, nice tone, and easy to read. The students like it!”

Anke Arnaud

“Mor Barak’s text blends research with practice and shows students that diversity and equity are not just ‘programs’. One of the big advantages of this book [is that it] includes the tables and charts. Many of today’s students expect visuals and this book does not disappoint.”

Cheryl Coan

“Coverage of the topic on workforce diversity is thorough. The framework of moving toward a globally inclusive workplace is compelling. The author uses some nice examples and ties her concepts to issues of inclusion–exclusion related to stereotypes and prejudices…I like the focus on social and psychological perspectives of workforce diversity. This is the most powerful part of the book.”

Jean Lau Chin

Praise from the previous edition:
"The book provides different frameworks on workplace global diversity. It is written in a manner that will be easy and interesting for my undergraduate students to read and understand. Finally, the book is organized in manner that takes into consideration the intersectionalities of diversity and equity."

Maria Pabon

“The material is covered thoroughly. No author that I am aware of includes differing personalities as a factor in managing diversity…The author’s personal interviews and knowledge of differing environments is very impressive…[she] uses her personal relationships and interviewing skills to make her points. She is better at doing this than any other author with whom I am familiar. Keep up the good work!”

Marilyn Lutz

Praise from the previous edition:
"Good coverage of the key issues"

Mr Nicholas Snowden

Praise from the previous edition:
"An interesting book for those interested in a more global perspective, and one that applies consideration of values and ethics. An excellent text."

Dr. Kim Robinson

“A comprehensive approach to this complex topic that provides sound underpinning for any course in the area of diversity fairness and equality in the workplace, with some excellent comparative international data…It is the most comprehensive text I have discovered that is suitable for my course.”

Peter Mc Gunnigle

Praise from the previous edition:

"For those students undertaking a Business Degree or Human Resource Management course, this book provides some excellent guidance on how to manage diversity in the workplace. It gives some useful examples and expands the concept of diversity to wider elements."

Mrs. Anita McGowan

“A comprehensive approach to this complex topic that provides sound underpinning for any course in the area of diversity fairness and equality in the workplace, with some excellent comparative international data…It is the most comprehensive text I have discovered that is suitable for my course.”

Peter McGunnigle