Table of Contents
Acknowledgements v
Foreword vii
Introduction xi
1 Glass Technical Data 1
2 Basic Tools and Equipment for Scientific Glassblowing 11
3 Working Environment Regulations - Workshop Layout 17
4 Safe Glass Handling 25
5 Hand Techniques 33
5.1 Cutting of Glass - Tubing, Rod and Flat 33
5.2 Spear Points 49
5.3 Straight Joins 59
5.4 Unequal Joins 66
5.5 T Pieces 74
5.6 Y Pieces 77
5.7 90° Bends 81
5.8 U Bends 91
5.9 Button Seal 100
5.10 Supported internal Seal 110
5.11 Items 1-9 Repeated in Progressive Larger Diameters 121
5.12 Bulb Blowing 149
5.13 Spiral Winding 161
5.14 Liebig Condenser 167
5.15 Spiral Condenser 175
5.16 Capillary Joins 186
5.17 Repeat - Alternative Techniques 196
5.18 Cones, Sockets, Spherical Joints, Screw Joints, Flat Flanges and Buttress Joints - Their Application - The Use of Mechanical Aids Such as Lathes, Cut-Off Machines, Linisher Belts Diamond and Carborundum Lapping Machines 211
5.19 Flange Making - Dewar Seals, Sinters 236
5.20 Safe Working Pressures (Positive) - Vacuum 250
5.21 Glass to Metal Seals, Recrystallised Alumina to Glass Seals Graded Seals 254
5.22 Various Techniques 271
6 Hand Torch Techniques 311
7 Vacuum Manifold - Vacuum Measurement - Schlenk Lines 335
8 Silvering of Glassware 347
9 Packed Columns 353
10 Round Bottomed Flasks - Various Techniques for Attaching Side Arms 357
11 Standards of Competence 367
12 Drawing on Experience 371
12.1 The Manufacture of a Quartz UV High Temperature Coil Photoreactor 371
12.2 Laser Cutting Quartz Glass 374
12.3 Fit, Form and Function 376
12.4 Combining Artistic Glass Working Techniques within a Scientific Glassware Context 379
12.5 The Foster Cell 389
12.6 The Design and Construction of his Masterpiece 398
12.7 Variable Temperature Gas Inlet for Surface Science Ultra-High Vacuum Molecular Beam System 408
12.8 Former Apprentice of Seven Years 420
Index 433