Iran, Islam and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change

Iran, Islam and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change

by Ali M. Ansari
Iran, Islam and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change

Iran, Islam and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change

by Ali M. Ansari

Hardcover(Third Edition, Revised)

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Overview

The surprise election of Hasan Rouhani in 2013 has refocused attention on the dynamics between Islam and democracy in Iran after the hiatus of the Ahmadinejad presidency. With comparisons being drawn between Rouhani and his predecessor, the late Reformist President Mohammad Khatami, there has never been a better time for a close look at the rise and fall of the Reform movement in Iran, situating it within the context of the “politics of managing change.” This revised and updated edition incorporates recent work on the presidential election crisis of 2009, along with the election of Rouhani in 2013, and an additional essay on the idea of reformism in Iran in historical context. The study remains then most comprehensive account of the politics of reform and, in situating the Rouhani presidency within that context, it shines a clear light on the pressures and pitfalls Iran faces in politics and international relations.
 

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781909942981
Publisher: Gingko
Publication date: 05/15/2019
Edition description: Third Edition, Revised
Pages: 220
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 2.00(d)

About the Author

Ali M. Ansari is the founder and director of the Institute for Iranian Studies at St Andrews University and the president of the British Institute for Persian Studies.
 

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements to the Third Edition xi

Preface to the Third Edition xiii

Part I Iran, Islam and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change 1

Introduction 3

Structure of the book 5

Sources 6

1 Iran, Islam and Democracy: The Theoretical Contest 9

Iran, Islam and the 'secularisation thesis' 13

Civil society and democratic development 20

2 The Polities of Managing Change 27

A contested inheritance 27

The roots of democratic development 28

The constitutional period, 1906-1921 28

Reza Shah and the Pahlavi autocracy 32

The interregnum, 1941-1953 34

The restoration of autocracy, 1953-1979 38

3 Revolution, Republic and War 43

The dialectics of the 'collective will' 43

The limits of 'charisma' 45

Competing movements 47

Religious nationalism 48

An unorthodox legacy 49

The ideological dimensions of power 51

Causes of authoritarian domination 52

The war 52

4 Rafsanjani and the Ascendancy of the Mercantile Bourgeoisie 55

The roots and development of the 'mercantile bourgeois republic' 56

Developments in intellectual life 67

The intellectual revitalisation of the myth of political emancipation 73

The theoretical foundations of an Islamic democracy 76

Social responses to the bourgeois republic 83

5 The Failure of the Mercantile Bourgeois Republic and the Election of Khatami 86

Parties and personalities 87

The election campaign 98

The election of 2 Khordad 112

6 Contested Hegemonies and the Institutionalization of Power 114

The reformist worldview 116

Policies 118

Agents of change (1): students 120

Agents of change (2): the press 122

Agents of obstruction 123

A new beginning 126

The foreign policy of reintegration 134

7 The Dialectics of Reform 146

The politics of managing change 147

The parameters of 'civil society' 149

Constitutionalism and historical appropriation 154

Reform and reaction 155

The politics of economic reform 174

8 The Tide of Reform 182

The imprisonment of Kadivar 187

The student riots 193

The campaign for the Sixth Majlis and the arrest of Nuri 203

The dialectic, returns 214

High tide? 221

9 The Tide Stemmed 225

The attempted assassination of Hajjarian 226

The Berlin conference 229

The emasculation of the Majlis 230

The presidential elections of 2001 235

Reform in the shadow of 9/11 237

Iranian-US relations in the shadow of Afghanistan 239

The 'axis of evil' 243

Gridlock and the pursuit of constitutional reform 248

10 Full Circle? 253

Lost opportunities: Aghajari, Shahroudi, Taheri 253

America and the pollsters 261

Reform in the shadow of Iraq 263

Iran and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 267

The arrogance of power 270

Conclusion: From Reform to Neo-conservatism 277

Opportunities lost 280

The end of an era? 290

Appendix I A Crisis Every Nine Days: Khatami's First Term 295

Appendix II Ayatollah Taheri's Resignation Letter 308

Appendix III Letter from 127 Deputies to the Leader Ayatollah Khamenei 313

Part II Iran under Ahmadinejad: Populism and its Malcontents 321

The routmisation of charisma 326

The reinvention of charisma 331

Part III Preliminary Analysis of the Voting Figures in Iran's 2009 Presidential Election 345

Executive summary 347

Irregularities in voter turnout 348

Where did Ahmadinejad's new votes come from? 350

Do rural voters support Ahmadinejad? 353

Appendix 356

Part IV Crisis of Authority: Iran's 2009 Presidential Election 365

Introduction 369

Sources and methodology 374

The 2009 presidential election: the background 379

A brief history of elections in the Islamic Republic 384

The 2009 presidential election campaign 387

Countdown to victory 388

The primaries 394

Raising the stakes 397

A tale of two cities: Iran's opposing worldviews 398

Towards election day 402

Groundhog Day: from the sublime to the ridiculous 409

Fallout 415

Crisis of authority 416

The crisis escalates 425

The incoherence of dominance 429

'A global conspiracy' 431

A conservative crisis 433

Longer-term consequences and policy implications 437

Domestic questions 437

Assessing the integrity of the election 438

Post-election violence and the fundamentals of governance 438

Government options 440

Assessing government support 441

The spectre of 1978 442

The opposition and the Green Movement 443

The economy 444

The direction of travel 445

Iran and the West 447

The necessary tools 448

Engaging Iran and the Iranians 449

Mastering Iranian narratives 450

Iran and the United States 451

Iran and the United Kingdom 453

Iran and the EU 454

Iran, Russia and China 455

Geopolitical lessons 456

Conclusion 457

An inconvenient truth? 460

Part V Iran's eleventh Presidential Election: The Politics of Managing Change Revisited 465

Introduction 467

The burden of history 469

The ghost of Khatami 469

The spectre of Ahmadinejad 470

The campaign 470

Public scepticism 471

Hardline divisions 472

Building a drama out of a crisis 474

The election process 476

The diplomatic sheikh 477

Election day 482

A fractured elite 482

The result 484

A new dawn of prudence, moderation and hope? 487

Postscript: the politics of managing change 491

Part VI The United States, Iran, and the Politics of the JCPOA 497

Introduction 499

The arc of history 500

A nuclear narrative 507

An inconvenient truth? 511

Heroic flexibility 515

Manufacturing consent 519

The 'Guns of August' 524

The agreement 528

Looking forward 536

Conclusion 540

Part VII Epilogue: Britain, Iran, and the idea of the Reform 543

Glossary 567

Chronology 569

Bibliography 572

Index 615

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