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9780190618353
Introduction to Mineralogy / Edition 3 available in Hardcover
Introduction to Mineralogy / Edition 3
by William D. Nesse
William D. Nesse
- ISBN-10:
- 0190618353
- ISBN-13:
- 9780190618353
- Pub. Date:
- 12/14/2016
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- ISBN-10:
- 0190618353
- ISBN-13:
- 9780190618353
- Pub. Date:
- 12/14/2016
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Introduction to Mineralogy / Edition 3
by William D. Nesse
William D. Nesse
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Overview
Introduction to Mineralogy, Third Edition, consolidates much of the material now covered in traditional mineralogy and optical mineralogy courses and focuses on describing minerals within their geologic context. Presenting the important traditional content of mineralogyincluding crystallography, chemical bonding, controls on mineral structure, mineral stability, and crystal growthit provides students with a foundation for understanding the nature and occurrence of minerals.
FEATURES
Describes in detail physical, optical, and X-ray powder diffraction techniques of mineral study
Outlines common chemical analytical methods
Provides thorough descriptions of more than 100 common minerals, emphasizing the geologic contexts within which they occur
Includes tables and diagrams that help students identify minerals using both physical and optical properties
Incorporates numerous line drawings, photographs, and photomicrographs that elucidate complex concepts
Introduction to Mineralogy can be packaged with Daniel Schulze's An Atlas of Minerals in Thin Section for use in your course for a nominal additional fee.
FEATURES
Describes in detail physical, optical, and X-ray powder diffraction techniques of mineral study
Outlines common chemical analytical methods
Provides thorough descriptions of more than 100 common minerals, emphasizing the geologic contexts within which they occur
Includes tables and diagrams that help students identify minerals using both physical and optical properties
Incorporates numerous line drawings, photographs, and photomicrographs that elucidate complex concepts
Introduction to Mineralogy can be packaged with Daniel Schulze's An Atlas of Minerals in Thin Section for use in your course for a nominal additional fee.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780190618353 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
Publication date: | 12/14/2016 |
Edition description: | New Edition |
Pages: | 512 |
Product dimensions: | 8.70(w) x 11.00(h) x 1.10(d) |
About the Author
William D. Nesse is Professor Emeritus of Geology at the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Northern Colorado.
Table of Contents
Each chapter opens with an Introduction and ends with References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading.PART ONE. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1. Introduction
Minerals
Mineraloids
Mineralogy
Mineral Nomenclature
General References on Mineralogy
Minerals and Society
Natural Resources
Minerals and Health
Getting Started
Box 1.1 Getting Started: Mineral Physical Properties
Chapter 2. Crystallography
Translational Symmetry: Two Dimensions
Plane Lattices
Translational Symmetry: Three Dimensions
Space Lattices and Unit Cell
Bravais Lattices and Crystal Systems
Point Symmetry
Reflection
Rotation
Inversion
Compound Symmetry Operations
Symmetry Notation
The 32 Point Groups
Steno's Law
Measurement of Crystal Angles
Determining Crystal System and Crystal Class
Space Groups
Box 2.1 Quasicrystals
Crystal Faces
Laws of Haüy and Bravais
Miller Indices
Indices and Crystal Axes in the Hexagonal Crystal System
Determining Miller Index
Crystallographic Planes
Assigning Miller Indexes by Inspection
Crystallographic Directions
Zones
Crystal Forms
Isometric Forms
Non-isometric Forms
Combining Crystal Forms
Enantiomorphous Forms and Crystals
Positive and Negative Forms
Forms in the Six Crystal Systems
Triclinic Crystal System
Monoclinic Crystal System
Orthorhombic Crystal System
Tetragonal Crystal System
Hexagonal Crystal System
Isometric Crystal System
Crystal Habit
Chapter 3. Crystal Chemistry
The Nature of Chemical Elements
Nucleus
Electrons
Formation of Ions
Abundance of the Elements
Chemical Bonding
Valence-Related Bonding
Relation among Valence-Dependent Bondings
Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors
Bonds Involving Asymmetric Charge Distribution
Size of Atoms and Ions
Oxidation State
Coordination
Chapter 4. Crystal Structure
Illustrating Mineral Structures
Controls of Crystal Structure
Structure Controls with Metallic Bonding
Structure Controls with Covalent Bonding
Structure Controls with Ionic Bonding
Application of Pauling's Rules
Structure Controls with Molecular Crystals
Isostructural Minerals
Polymorphism
Reconstructive Polymorphism
Displacive Polymorphism
Order-Disorder Polymorphism
Polytypism
Mineral Classification
Compositional Variation in Minerals
Substitutional Solid Solution
Omission Substitution Solution
Intersitial Substitution
Mineral Formulas
Graphical Representation
Binary diagrams
Ternary diagrams
Chapter 5. Mineral Growth
Mineral Stability
Stability
Gibbs Free Energy
Mineral Reactions
Phase Diagrams
Single-Component Systems
Binary Systems
Mineral Nucleation
Homogeneous Nucleation
Heterogeneous Nucleation
Crystal Growth
Rate of Growth
Zoned Crystals
Structural Defects
Point Defects
Line Defects
Planar Defects
Twinning
Growth Twinning
Transformation Twinning
Deformation Twinning
Post-crystallization Processes
Ordering
Twinning
Recrystallization
Exsolution
Pseudomorphism
Radioactivity and Minerals
Mineral Evolution
Biomineralization
Biologically Induced Mineralization
Biologically Controlled Mineralization
Applications
PART II: Mineral Properties, Study, and Identification
Chapter 6. Physical Properties of Minerals
Mass Dependent Properties
Density
Specific Gravity
Properties Related to Mechanical Cohesion
Hardness
Tenacity
Cleavage
Fracture
Parting
Color and Luster
Light
Perception of Color
Mineral Luster
Mineral Color
Color from Mechanical Causes
Consistency of Mineral Color
Streak
Luminescence
Magnetism
Diamagnetism
Paramagnetism
Ferromagnetism
Ferrimagnetism
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity
Piezoelectricity
Pyroelectricity
Miscellaneous Properties
Chapter 7. Optical Mineralogy
Introduction
Light
Light Waves
Polarized Light
Interaction of Light and Matter
Optically Isotropic vs. Anisotropic Materials
Reflection and Refraction
Dispersion
Petrographic Microscope
Illuminator
Substage Assembly
Microscope Stage
Objective Lenses
Upper Polarizer
Bertrand Lens
Oculars
Focusing Mechanism
Accessories
Direction Conventions
Isotropic Materials
Anisotropic Minerals
Interference Phenomena
Use of the Interference Color Chart
Extinction
Function of Accessory Plates
Optical Indicatrix
Isotropic Indicatrix
Uniaxial Indicatrix
Biaxial Indicatrix
Mineral Color & Pleochroism
Isotropic Minerals
Uniaxial Minerals
Biaxial Minerals
Extinction Angle and Sign of Elongation
Extinction Angle
Sign of Elongation
Categories of Extinction
Extinction in Uniaxial Minerals
Extinction in Biaxial Minerals
Interference Figures
Uniaxial Interference Figures
Biaxial Interference Figure
Refractometry: Measurement of Index of Refraction
Immersion Method
Refractometry in Thin Section
Isotropic Minerals
Uniaxial Minerals
Biaxial Minerals
Reflected-Light Optics
Observation in Plane-Polarized Light
Observations with Crossed Polarizers
Internal Reflections
Tactics for Mineral Identification
Thin Section Identification
Grain Mount Identification
Polished Section Identification
Chapter 8. Introduction to X-ray Crystallography
X-rays
X-ray Generation
X-ray Detection
X-ray Diffraction
Powder Method
Sample Preparation
Instrumental Output
Data Reduction
Powder Diffraction File
Bragg Reflection Indices
Mineral Identification
Mixed Samples
Estimation of Relative Mineral Abundance
Estimation of Composition
Determining Unit Cell Parameters
Chapter 9. Chemical Analysis of Minerals
Analytical Methods
Wet Chemical
Electron Probe Microanalysis
Scanning Electron Microscopy
X-ray Fluorescence
Mass Spectrometry
Conventions in Reporting Chemical Analyses
Conversion of Chemical Analyses to Structural Formulas
Chapter 10. Strategies for Study
Presentation of Mineral Data
Mineral Identification Tactics
Hand-Sample Identification
Thin Section Identification
Grain Mount Identification
Polished Section Identification
Electron Microprobe
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
X-ray Diffraction
Mineral Separation
Mineral Association
Problems in Paradise
Section III: Mineral Descriptions
Chapter 11. Silicates
Silicate Structure and Classification
Silicate Chemical Formula
Mafic vs. Felsic
Igneous Rocks
Magmatic Processes
Igneous Environments
Terrigenous Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Processes
Sedimentary Environments
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Variables
Metamorphic Processes
Metamorphic Grade, Facies, Mineral Zone Boundaries and Isograds
Major Compositional Groups of Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Environments
Chapter 12. Framework Silicates
Silica Group
Quartz
Box 12.1 Micro- and Non-Crystalline Silica
Tridymite
Cristobalite
Opal
Feldspar Group
Composition
Structure
Al/Si Order/-Disorder
Exsolution in the Feldspars
Other Feldspar Intergrowths
Twinning
Plagioclase
Alkali Feldspar
Distinguishing Features in Hand Sample
Microcline
Orthoclars
Sanidine
Adularia
Anorthoclase
Feldspathoids
Nepheline
Leucite
Sodalite
Zeolite Group
Other Framework Silicates
Scapolite
Chapter 13. Sheet Silicates
Structure and Classification
1:1 Layer Silicates
2:1 Layer Silicates
Polytypism
TO Structures (1:1)
Serpentine (Antigorite, Chrysotile, Lizardite)
Kaolinite
TOT Structures (2:1)
Talc
Pyrophyllite
TOT + c Structures: Mica Minerals (2:1)
Muscovite
Biotite
Lepidolite
Glauconite
TOT + c Structures: Brittle Micas (2:1)
Margarite
Clintonite
TOT + O Structure
Chlorite
Clay Minerals
Structure and Classification
Geology of Clay
Identification
Uses
Clay in the Environment
Other Sheet Silicates
Stilpnomelane
Prehnite
Apophyllite
Chrysocolla
Chapter 14. Chain Silicates
Pyroxene Group
Structure and Classification
Geology of Pyroxenes
Orthopyroxene
Pigeonite
Calcic Clinopyroxene
Aegirine, Aegirine-Augite
Jadeite
Omphacite
Spodumene
Pyroxenoid Group
Introduction
Wollastonite
Rhodonite
Pectolite
Amphibole Group
Structure and Classification
Geology of Amphiboles
Orthoamphibole
Cummingtonite-Grunerite
Tremolite-Ferro-actinolite
Hornblende
Glaucophane-Riebeckite
Other Amphiboles
Chapter 15. Disilicates and Ring Silicates
Disilicates
Structure and Classification
Zoisite
Clinozoisite-Epidote
Allanite
Lawsonite
Pumpellyite
Ring Silicates
Structure & Classification
Beryl
Cordierite
Tourmaline
Chapter 16. Orthosilicates
Olivine Group
Garnet Group
Zircon
Aluminum Silicates
Andalusite
Sillimanite
Kyanite
Staurolite
Chloritoid
Titanite
Topaz
Chapter 17. Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Borates, Tungstates, and Molybdates
Structure and Classification
Carbonates
Rhombohedral Carbonates (Calcite and Dolomite Groups)
Calcite
Box 17.1 Limestone and Dolostone
Magnesite
Siderite
Rhodochrosite
Dolomite-Ankerite
Aragonite Group
Aragonite
Witherite
Strontianite
OH-Bearing Carbonates
Malachite
Azurite
Box 17.2 Evaporites
Sulfates
Gypsum
Anhydrite
Barite
Phosphates
Apatite
Monazite
Xenotime
Tourquoise
Tungstates and Molybdates
Borates
Chapter 18. Oxides, Hydroxides, and Halides
Oxides
X2O Group
Cuprite
Ice
Box 18.1 Paleoclimate
XO Group
XY2O4 Minerals
Spinel Group
Magnetite
Box 18.2 Sedimentary Iron Formations
Chromite
Spinel Series
Chrysoberyl
X2O3 Group
Hematite
Corundum
Ilmenite
XO2 Group
Rutile
Cassiterite
Uraninite
Hydroxides
Brucite
Iron Hydroxide Minerals
Aluminum Hydroxide Minerals
Manganese Oxide and Hydroxide Minerals
Halides
Halite
Sylvite
Fluorite
Chapter 19. Sulfides and Related Minerals
Crystal Chemistry and Classification
Sulfide Paragenesis
Hydrothermal Deposits
Supergene Processes
Sulfide Minerals
Sphalerite
Galena
Pyrrhotite
Chalcopyrite
Cinnabar
Pyrite
Marcasite
Molybdenite
Bornite
Chalcocite
Covellite
Sulfarsenides
Arsenopyrite
Arsenides
Tellurides
Chapter 20. Native Elements
Metals
Gold
Silver
Copper
Semimetals
Nonmetals
Sulfur
Graphite
Box 20.1 Graphitic Carbon
Diamond
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Effective Ionic Radii of the Elements
Appendix B. Determinative Tables
Table B.1. Non-Metallic Minerals with White, Gray, or Other Pale-Colored Streak
Table B.2. Non-Metallic Minerals with Distinctly Colored Streak
Table B.3. Minerals with Metallic and Submetallic Luster
Table B.4. Specific Gravity
Table B.5. Minerals That May Fluoresce
Table B.6. Selected Minerals That Are Ferromagnetic and Ferrimagnetic
Table B.7. Minerals That Effervesce in Dilute HCl
Table B.8. Color of Minerals in Thin Section and Grain Mount
Table B9. Indices of Refraction of Isotropic Minerals
Table B.10. Indices of Refraction of Uniaxial Minerals
Table B.11. Indices of Refraction of Biaxial Negative Minerals in Order of Increasing n6
Table B.12. Indices of Refraction of Biaxial Positive Minerals Arranged in Order of Increasing n6
Table B.13. Minerals That Produce Pleochroic Halos in Surrounding Minerals
Table B.14. Colors Exhibited by Opaque Minerals That Display Internal Reflections with Reflected Light
Appendix C. Mineral Associations
Table C1. Mineralogy of Common Igneous Rocks
Table C2. Mineralogy of Sedimentary Rocks
Table C3. Mineralogy of Common Metamorphic Rocks
Table C4. Mineralogy of Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits
Mineral Index
Subject Index
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