Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermosciences / Edition 2

by Colin R. Ferguson, Allan T. Kirkpatrick

Overview

THE PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID MECHANICS, AND HEAT TRANSFER APPLIED TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

This completely revised text applies the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer to internal combustion engines. Every chapter has been reorganized and updated to clearly present current modeling and analysis techniques. The Second Edition includes new material on yhermodynamic modeling, intake and exhaust flow, friction, combustion, alternative fuels, emissions, and instrumentation. The book contains many wordked examples that illustrate important aspects of internal combustion engines.

WHAT'S NEW IN THIS EDITION

•  Up-to-date discussion of new engine technologies exposes readers to current engineering practice.
• Java based applets for computation of engine thermodynamics, friction, and heat transfer are available on the book's web site.
• Numerous worked examples and homework problems for student assignment.
• Up-to-date literature references in each chapter provide a resource for further study.
• New photos and figures show modern engine components and engine performance.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780471356172
Publisher:	Wiley
Publication date:	11/30/2000
Edition description:	REV
Pages:	384
Product dimensions:	7.32(w) x 10.04(h) x 0.76(d)

About the Author

Dr. Colin R. Ferguson received his M.S. and Ph.D. (1975) degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  He taught thermal science courses at Purdue University for twelve years, performing research and publishing in the internal combustion engines area, and is currently living in California. He is an Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Colorado State University.

Dr. Allan T. Kirkpatrick, P.E., received his B.S. (1972) and Ph.D. (1981) degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and has been at Colorado State University since 1980. Dr. Kirkpatrick teaches and performs research in the engines and buildings areas. He has received teaching and research awards from Colorado State University, the American Society for Engineering Education, and Sigma Xi. Dr. Kirkpatrick gas worked both in industry and in national laboratories on energy related research. He has published two books, over 75 conference and journal articles, and has one patent, Dr. Kirkpatrick is currently a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Colorado State University.

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Table of Contents

	Preface	v
1.	Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines	1
1.1	Introduction	1
1.2	Engine Cycles	2
1.3	Operational Parameters	6
1.4	Engine Configurations	12
1.5	Engine Examples	19
1.6	Alternative Power Plants	24
1.7	Sources of Additional Information	26
1.8	References	27
1.9	Homework	27
2.	Gas Cycles	29
2.1	Introduction	29
2.2	Constant Volume Heat Addition	29
2.3	Constant Pressure Heat Addition	32
2.4	Dual Cycle	35
2.5	Miller Cycle	37
2.6	Finite Heat Release	39
2.7	Ideal Four-Stroke Process and Residual Fraction	45
2.8	Discussion of Gas Cycle Models	53
2.9	References	54
2.10	Homework	55
3.	Fuel, Air, and Combustion Thermodynamics	57
3.1	Introduction	57
3.2	Ideal Gas Equations of State	57
3.3	Liquids and Liquid-Vapor-Gas Mixtures	61
3.4	Stoichiometry and Low Temperature Combustion Modeling	63
3.5	General Chemical Equilibrium	67
3.6	Chemical Equilibrium Using Equilibrium Constants	72
3.7	Combustion and the First Law	75
3.8	Isentropic Processes	78
3.9	References	79
3.10	Homework	80
4.	Fuel-Air Cycles	82
4.1	Introduction	82
4.2	Comparison of First and Second Law Efficiency	82
4.3	Otto Cycle	85
4.4	Four-Stroke Otto Cycle	90
4.5	Fuel-Injected Limited-Pressure Cycle	93
4.6	Comparison of Fuel-Air Cycle with Actual Spark Ignition Cycles	96
4.7	Comparison of Fuel-Air Cycle with Actual Compression Ignition Cycles	101
4.8	References	103
4.9	Homework	103
5.	Engine Testing and Control	105
5.1	Introduction	105
5.2	Dynamometers	105
5.3	Fuel and Air Flow Measurement	108
5.4	Exhaust Gas Analysis	110
5.5	Residual Fraction	118
5.6	Pressure-Volume Measurement and Combustion Analysis	119
5.7	Vehicle Emissions Testing	123
5.8	Engine Sensors and Actuators in Vehicles	125
5.9	Engine Control Systems	128
5.10	Effect of Ambient Pressure and Temperature	131
5.11	References	132
5.12	Homework	133
6.	Friction	134
6.1	Introduction	134
6.2	Friction Mean Effective Pressure	134
6.3	Measurements of the Friction Mean Effective Pressure	135
6.4	Friction Coefficient	138
6.5	Journal Bearings	139
6.6	Piston and Ring Friction	143
6.7	Valve Train Friction	152
6.8	Pumping Mean Effective Pressure	156
6.9	Accessory Friction	157
6.10	Overall Engine Friction Mean Effective Pressure	158
6.11	References	161
6.12	Homework	161
7.	Air, Fuel, and Exhaust Flow	163
7.1	Introduction	163
7.2	Valve Flow	163
7.3	Intake and Exhaust Flow	176
7.4	Fluid Flow in the Cylinder	183
7.5	Turbulent Flow	189
7.6	Air Flow in Two-Stroke Engines	194
7.7	Superchargers and Turbochargers	201
7.8	Fuel Injectors	206
7.9	Carburetion	212
7.10	References	214
7.11	Homework	216
8.	Heat and Mass Transfer	221
8.1	Introduction	221
8.2	Engine Cooling Systems	221
8.3	Engine Energy Balance	223
8.4	Cylinder Heat Transfer Measurements	227
8.5	Heat Transfer Modeling	230
8.6	Heat Transfer Correlations	237
8.7	Radiation Heat Transfer	244
8.8	Mass Loss or Blowby	246
8.9	References	250
8.10	Homework	251
9.	Combustion and Emissions	253
9.1	Introduction	253
9.2	Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines	253
9.3	Abnormal Combustion (Knock) in Spark Ignition Engines	259
9.4	Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines	264
9.5	Thermodynamic Analysis	271
9.6	Nitrogen Oxides	279
9.7	Carbon Monoxide	285
9.8	Hydrocarbons	287
9.9	Particulates	292
9.10	Emission Control	296
9.11	References	301
9.12	Homework	303
10.	Fuels and Lubricants	307
10.1	Introduction	307
10.2	Hydrocarbon Chemistry	307
10.3	Refining	314
10.4	Gasoline Fuels	316
10.5	Diesel Fuels	319
10.6	Alternative Fuels	321
10.7	Engine Oils	329
10.8	References	332
10.9	Homework	333
11.	Overall Engine Performance	334
11.1	Introduction	334
11.2	Engine Size	334
11.3	Ignition and Injection Timing	336
11.4	Engine and Piston Speed	339
11.5	Compression Ratio	340
11.6	Part-Load Performance	341
11.7	Engine Performance Maps	343
11.8	Vehicle Performance Simulation	349
11.9	References	350
11.10	Homework	350
	Appendices	353
A	Physical Properties of Air	353
B	Thermodynamic Property Tables for Various Ideal Gases	355
C	Curve Fit Coefficients for Thermodynamic Properties of Various Ideal Gases and Fuels	362
D	Conversion Factors and Physical Constants	365
	Index	367

Editorial Reviews

Applying the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer to internal combustion engines, this text has been reorganized and updated to present current modeling and analysis techniques. This edition includes new material on thermodynamic modeling, intake and exhaust flow, friction, combustion, alternative fuels, emissions, and instrumentation. The book contains many worked examples that illustrate important aspects of internal combustion engines. Ferguson and Kirkpatrick teach mechanical engineering at Colorado State University. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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