Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
The Spirit, Virtue, and Learning 2
A Suggested Agenda 6
A Discernible Trajectory 8
Key Definitions 9
1 The Spirit and the Cultivation of Virtue 15
The Benign Betrayal of Translations 17
Spirit-Breath in Israelite Literature 20
A Steady Spirit 20
Spirit-Breath as Siege Works 23
Spirit in the Courts of Pharaoh 25
Spirit in the Wilderness 27
Spirit in the Corridors of Power 32
Spirit-Breath of God in the World of Israel: Summary 36
Spirit within in the World of Early Judaism 37
A Holy Spirit within as the Heart of Virtue 38
Spirit and the Pursuit of Virtue 40
Spirit-Breath in Early Judaism: Summary 47
Spirit-Breath within in Early Christianity 48
The Lifelong Spirit within as the Locus of Virtue and Learning 50
The New Creation, Learning, and Virtue 57
The Significance of the Spirit-Breath 65
How Christians Acknowledge the Spirit in Others 65
How Christians Pray 67
How Christians Learn 68
How Christians Cultivate the Spirit 69
2 Putting Ecstasy in Its Place 71
The Rise and Demise of Ecstasy 73
A Sliver of Ecstasy in Israelite Literature 73
Ecstasy in the World of the New Testament 78
Ecstasy in the New Testament 83
Speaking in Tongues 88
Paul's Letter to the Corinthians 88
Pentecost and Beyond in the Book of Acts 91
The Holy Spirit and the Power of Reflection 97
Paul, Ananias, and a Mission Ahead 98
Peter, Cornelius, and the Outpouring Ahead 101
The Church in Antioch and the Frontier of Mission 106
Spirit, Conflict Resolution, and Collective Virtue: The Jerusalem Council 112
Summary 116
The Significance of Putting Ecstasy in Its Place 117
How Borders Are Crossed 118
How Christians Prepare for the Work of the Holy Spirit 119
How Believers Respond to the Work of the Holy Spirit 120
How Churches Can Come to Inspired Compromises 123
3 The Spirit and the Interpretation of Scripture 125
Inspired Interpretation in Israelite Literature 128
Ezra 129
Amasai 130
Jahaziel 132
Summary 134
The Inspired Interpretation of Scripture in Judaism 135
Ben Sira and the Inspired Scribe 135
The Qumran Hymns 138
Philo Judaeus 139
Josephus 143
Summary 144
The Inspired Interpretation of Scripture in the New Testament 145
Simeon's Song 145
The Promised Paraclete 148
The Book of Acts 151
The Letter to the Hebrews 154
The Letters of Paul 162
The Significance of the Inspired Interpretation of Scripture 178
How to Assess the Value of the Jewish Scriptures 178
How to Appreciate the Role of the Community for Inspired Interpretation 180
How Preparation Paves the Way for Inspiration 182
Conclusion: An Agenda for the Future of Pneumatology 185
1 A Pneumatology of Creation 186
Spirit versus spirit 188
Spiritus Sanctificans and Spiritus Vivificans 192
Spirit and Virtue 194
Spirit Outside Sacred Walls 198
2 The Significance of a Starting-Point 201
The Outpouring of the Spirit 204
Anointed Leadership 205
Liberation 207
An Array of Starting-Points 208
3 The Bible and the World That Shaped It 209
Parallels and Parallelomania 212
Filling in the Gaps 214
Matching Bookends, Different as Night and Day 215
The Vitality of Judaism 218
4 A Model of Inspiration and a Unified Future for the Church 219
Scripture and the Spirit 222
Ecstasy and Edification 224
Inspiration and Investigation 225
Index of Modern Authors 228
Index of Subjects and Ancient Names 230
Index of Ancient Sources 238