Table of Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Foreword Robert Service xi
Introduction 1
1 Diplomats in Search of a Government: November 1917-September 1918 13
The Russian Revolution and Russian Officials Abroad 13
Diplomatic Activity Abroad, January-May 1918: Intervention and Retention of Russian Rights 43
The Search for a Government, Spring-Summer 1918 49
Foreign Policy Objectives of the Anti-Bolshevik Governments in the East, May-July 1918 65
2 Government in Search of a Policy: October-December 1918 87
The Directory 87
The Directory's Foreign Ministry and Its Program 102
The Primacy of Recognition 109
The Omsk Coup and the Issue of Government Stability 114
Russia and Transcaucasia: Emergence of Newly Independent States 127
Foreign Policy and Military Assistance from Abroad 140
3 Around the Paris Peace Conference 147
The Creation of the Russian Political Conference in Paris 147
The Prinkipo Invitation and Its Consequences 165
Nationality Questions as International Problems 194
Problems of Intervention 205
4 Recognition? March-July 1919 217
Recognition of Finland 217
Behind the Scenes at the Paris Peace Conference: Unofficial Consultations with Russian Representatives 241
The Exchange of Notes and Its Consequences 249
Can an Unrecognized Russia Recognize Finland? 266
Balkan Brothers: Serbia and Bulgaria 276
5 Immobility and Defeat: After Versailles 283
White Resurgence in the Baltic, Autumn 1919 291
Defending Russian Territorial Integrity 322
Relations with Western Neighbors: Romania 329
Relations with Western Neighbors: Poland 339
The End in the East 360
6 General Vrangel': From Recognition to Evacuation 365
Sazonov's Departure 365
The Allies (France and Britain) 372
Near and Far Abroad 385
Poland, Friend or Foe? 402
Evacuation 410
Conclusion 417
Epilogue 425
Acknowledgments 433
Appendix: Select List of Russian Representatives Abroad, 1917-20 435
Notes 443
Bibliography 519
About the Author 533
Index 535