How to Be a Fascist: A Manual
The first and only guide to turning your 21st century democracy into a fascist paradise.

Democracy is difficult, flawed and unstable. It involves barely distinguishable political parties taking part in lengthy, overcomplicated and expensive decision-making processes. Trying to engage so many people with political issues seems to lead only to complexity and disagreement. So why bother? Doesn't fascism guarantee a more effective and efficient management of the state?

In this short, bitingly ironic mixture of On Tyranny and The Psychopath Test, Italian political activist Michela Murgia explores the logic that is attracting increasing numbers of voters to right-wing populism. Far from its origins in the 20th century, fascism is once again on the rise in an age of increased connectivity and globalism. Murgia shows how many of the elements of our society that we might think would combat closed-mindedness and xenophobia actually fan the flames. Closing with a "fascistometer" to measure the reader's own authoritarian inclinations, How to be a Fascist is a refreshingly direct, polemical book that asks us to confront the fascisim in our governments, in our societies, and in our own political leanings.
"1136398966"
How to Be a Fascist: A Manual
The first and only guide to turning your 21st century democracy into a fascist paradise.

Democracy is difficult, flawed and unstable. It involves barely distinguishable political parties taking part in lengthy, overcomplicated and expensive decision-making processes. Trying to engage so many people with political issues seems to lead only to complexity and disagreement. So why bother? Doesn't fascism guarantee a more effective and efficient management of the state?

In this short, bitingly ironic mixture of On Tyranny and The Psychopath Test, Italian political activist Michela Murgia explores the logic that is attracting increasing numbers of voters to right-wing populism. Far from its origins in the 20th century, fascism is once again on the rise in an age of increased connectivity and globalism. Murgia shows how many of the elements of our society that we might think would combat closed-mindedness and xenophobia actually fan the flames. Closing with a "fascistometer" to measure the reader's own authoritarian inclinations, How to be a Fascist is a refreshingly direct, polemical book that asks us to confront the fascisim in our governments, in our societies, and in our own political leanings.
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How to Be a Fascist: A Manual

How to Be a Fascist: A Manual

by Michela Murgia

Narrated by Eliza Foss

Unabridged — 2 hours, 7 minutes

How to Be a Fascist: A Manual

How to Be a Fascist: A Manual

by Michela Murgia

Narrated by Eliza Foss

Unabridged — 2 hours, 7 minutes

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Overview

The first and only guide to turning your 21st century democracy into a fascist paradise.

Democracy is difficult, flawed and unstable. It involves barely distinguishable political parties taking part in lengthy, overcomplicated and expensive decision-making processes. Trying to engage so many people with political issues seems to lead only to complexity and disagreement. So why bother? Doesn't fascism guarantee a more effective and efficient management of the state?

In this short, bitingly ironic mixture of On Tyranny and The Psychopath Test, Italian political activist Michela Murgia explores the logic that is attracting increasing numbers of voters to right-wing populism. Far from its origins in the 20th century, fascism is once again on the rise in an age of increased connectivity and globalism. Murgia shows how many of the elements of our society that we might think would combat closed-mindedness and xenophobia actually fan the flames. Closing with a "fascistometer" to measure the reader's own authoritarian inclinations, How to be a Fascist is a refreshingly direct, polemical book that asks us to confront the fascisim in our governments, in our societies, and in our own political leanings.

Editorial Reviews

Publishers Weekly

06/29/2020

Italian novelist and political activist Murgia (Accabadora) exposes the insidious nature of authoritarianism in this tongue-in-cheek guide to remaking a democratic society into a fascist one. Probing how commonplace political rhetoric mainstreams fascist thinking, Murgia adopts the persona of a fascist indoctrinator to contrast the “speed of action” attainable by all-powerful heads of state with the bureaucratic inefficiency of elected leaders. She tells readers to lay the foundation for authoritarianism by “insist that all organs of democratic negotiation are useless red-tape dead ends where nothing ever happens,” and discusses the need to blame marginalized groups for social ills. Aspiring fascists can rate their commitment to the cause by selecting “common sense” statements from a long list of political tropes (“there is a reason that Western culture has shaped the world”; “if the state can’t protect me, I’ll have to do it myself”). Only in the concluding “Disclaimer” does Murgia break character to identify the book’s true purpose—revealing how complicit nearly everyone is in “the legitimization of fascism as a method.” The book’s arch tone will turn off many progressives who agree with Murgia, but she succeeds in making the scale of the problem clear. Readers will gain new insight into why illiberalism is on the rise. (Aug.)

From the Publisher

Murgia…exposes the insidious nature of authoritarianism in this tongue-in-cheek guide to remaking a democratic society into a fascist one…Readers will gain new insight into why illiberalism is on the rise.” —Publishers Weekly

Kirkus Reviews

2020-05-13
Italian novelist and politician Murgia channels the spirit of her ancient Roman compatriot Juvenal in this alternately mordant and glib satire of contemporary far-right movements.

The unnamed narrator is an overconfident, self-proclaimed fascist who aims to help others make converts to the cause—or to the “populism” that is “a cradle for fascism”—with the zeal of the senior devil who advises a junior devil in C.S. Lewis’ The Screwtape Letters. Advising sympathizers to learn from the Axis powers, “our historical role models,” the author’s anti-feminist, gay-bashing, Islamophobic narrator begins by describing the defects of democracy, including that it tends to frown on torture: “It still insists on rejecting violence as a way of doing politics, which makes as much sense as training tarantulas by only feeding them lettuce.” The narrator goes on to suggest how to recruit fascists and understand their leaders before ending with facile clickbait: a pop quiz called the “Fascistometer” that measures “your level of fascism.” Although burgeoning far-right movements are fair game, Juvenal-ian or other satire requires worthy targets. While some of Murgia’s—e.g., Holocaust deniers—deserve her barbs, others (people who think that “gender studies is ruining families”) lack a comparable moral weight and take throwaway jabs. A larger problem is that political realities are outrunning satire, and the author too rarely makes the imaginative leaps needed to reinvigorate them. Murgia can land a solid punch, as she does in a neo-Marxist skewering of rich pseudo-populists: “A real populist deals with everyone according to their needs: the poor receive some free fish every year; the middle class receive a fridge to store what’s left over; and the upper classes receive the pond where everyone will have to pay to fish.” Overall, though, she’s fighting below her weight.

A political satire that too often looks away from its worthiest targets and toward less important ones.

Product Details

BN ID: 2940176398250
Publisher: Penguin Random House
Publication date: 08/04/2020
Edition description: Unabridged

Read an Excerpt

I write against democracy because it has always been, since its origins, an irredeemably flawed system of government. What Winston Churchill said was false: democracy isn’t the worst form of government except for all others—the truth is that it’s the worst, full stop, but it’s always hard to say it openly, in public, despite all the clear evidence in our daily experiences.

The book you’re holding is born from a desire to demonstrate that democracy is not only useless, but in fact toxic to coexistence, and also to prove that its tried and tested opposite—fascism—is a much better system of state administration: less costly, faster and more efficient. This text aims especially to be a comprehension tool for the more educated classes exhausted by democracy, because it has never been necessary to explain to the masses that fascism is better. Armed 12 with the secret wisdom of the simple mind, the people already know as much, and that is why, tired of the inability of the democratic system to solve their problems, they regularly and almost spontaneously turn towards fascism.

I say almost not by chance, because at times fascism may need some help to take root; at the beginning of their historical cycle, democracies tend to be quite hostile towards it and attempt to organize themselves against it with blatantly crude methods, such as passing laws to make it illegal. Fascism, fortunately, knows how to wait. It’s like herpes—primary organisms are always the ones which teach us the most—able to survive for entire decades within the marrow of democracy, letting everyone believe it has disappeared, only then to pop out, more viral than ever, at the first, entirely predictable weakening of its immune system.

A young democracy, especially one born out of a war or a civil revolution, will be quick to react to fascism, but an older one will have lost most of its memory and will have buried the eyewitnesses who supported its rhetoric. Additionally, it will have faded and be sufficiently corrupted to consider compromises on its principles, increasingly more significant, with other forms of government. At that point, if fascism is quick and able to seize the opportunity, it will be able to rule entire states without ever picking up a single weapon: it will be democracy’s own tools that will allow it to establish itself, and finally prevail.

At this exact moment in history, we have at our disposal an overabundance of tools of mass control that no fascism from the past century ever had, and this allows us to attempt something new: to rise from the heart of an ageing democratic system and dominate it without ever making use of military force, internal or external. By manipulating the tools of democracy, we can make an entire country fascist without ever even mentioning the word fascism, which might still raise some resistance, even in a faded democracy. Rather, we should ensure that fascist language is socially accepted in all spheres of communication, suitable for any topic, like an unlabelled tin—not left, not right—that can be passed from hand to hand without anyone ever touching its contents.

Contents. This is the crucial issue. I can’t hide the fact that yes, they are problematic, and we won’t, at least at the beginning, make them pass unchallenged in a democracy. We no longer live in a time when we can explicitly affirm the superiority of one race over others, or openly say that not all opinions have the right to be expressed, especially if they go against the national interest. You can think it, of course, and even say it in certain circumstances, but to present oneself as a system that openly states it as a political manifesto can be difficult, at the outset. For this reason, you will not find in these pages anything that might define “fascist ideas”. Trying to affirm fascism at the level of ideas is a long process, too complex and contradictory to be worth attempting. Too many years of rhetoric. Too many remembrance days. Too much ideological fluff about the Allied efforts that ensured that everyone remembers their veteran grandad and no one ever remembers the fascist one. Looking into the merit of these ideas isn’t productive; if, instead, we act on the method, the ideas will simply follow.

When it comes to politics, method and contents coincide, and the fascist method holds the power of alchemical transmutation: if applied without any ideological prejudice, it turns whoever makes use of it into a fascist, because—as Forrest Gump would say—fascist is as fascist does. What follows, then, is a manual on the method—specifically, instructions on the language, the most malleable cultural infrastructure we have. Why would anyone need to overthrow institutions if all you need to do in order to seize them is to change the referent of a word, and make sure everyone speaks it? Words generate behaviour, and those who control words control behaviour. That’s the starting point: the names we give to things and the way we talk about them, that’s where fascism can face the challenge of becoming current again. If we can convince even a single person who believes in democracy every day, we can live again. And live greatly.

Faithful to its humble didactic aim, the book includes as an appendix a short test of the understanding reached through reading, and an evaluation of the progress made in adhering to fascism.

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