Haematology: A Core Curriculum

by Barbara Jane Bain

Overview

This textbook is written by a renowned haematologist with more than 30 years of experience in teaching haematology to medical students and whose pedagogical and writing skills are widely admired within the field. Following closely the current curriculum of Imperial College London, medical students, trainee nurses and biomedical science students from other institutions will find the textbook equally suitable, since it includes the core student haematology curriculum as recommended by the Royal College of Pathologists and the British Society of Haematology expert group. This text will be equally suitable for students outside the UK.The textbook takes a useful, practical approach, incorporating self-evaluation questions and learning objectives that give students not only the information needed to understand the topic but also clear indications on the core knowledge that students are required to know in order to progress within the field of haematology.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781848167100
Publisher:	Imperial College Press
Publication date:	08/27/2010
Pages:	348
Product dimensions:	6.20(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.80(d)

Table of Contents

Preface xi

1 Physiology of the Blood and Bone Marrow 1

Blood Cells and Their Functions 1

Bone Marrow Cells and Normal Haemopoiesis 7

Conclusions 19

2 The Blood Count and Film 20

The Full Blood Count 20

The Differential White Cell Count 24

Haematological Terminology 25

Normal Ranges and Reference Ranges 26

How to Interpret a Blood Count and Develop a Differential Diagnosis 36

The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 40

Conclusions 40

3 Microcytic Anaemias and the Thalassaemias 41

Introduction 41

Iron Deficiency Anaemia 43

Anaemia of Chronic Disease 49

The Thalassaemias 52

Other Causes of Microcytic Anaemia 60

Conclusions 61

4 Macrocytic Anaemias 63

Introduction 63

Vitamin B₁₂ Deficiency 65

Folic Acid Deficiency 70

Other Causes of Macrocytosis 72

Conclusion 76

5 Haemoglobinopathies and Haemolytic Anaemias 77

Introduction 78

Mechanisms of Haemolysis 81

Diagnosis of Haemolysis 82

The Haemoglobinopathies 83

Red Cell Membrane Defects 93

Defects in the Glycolytic Pathway 97

Defects in the Pentose Shunt 97

Immune Haemolytic Anaemias 100

Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia 101

Conclusions 101

6 Miscellaneous Anaemias, Pancytopenia and the Myelodysplastic Syndromes 104

Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia and Other Miscellaneous Anaemias 104

Pancytopenia 107

The Myelodysplastic Syndromes 112

Conclusions 119

7 Leucocytosis, Leucopenia and Reactive Changes in White Cells 121

Leucocytosis 121

Conclusions 130

8 Leukaemias and Lymphomas 133

The Nature of Leukaemia and Lymphoma 133

Principles of Treatment 142

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia 146

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia 151

Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia 158

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 166

Hodgkin Lymphoma 178

Conclusions 180

9 Polycythaemia, Thrombocytosis and the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 182

The Nature of the Myeloproliferative and Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 182

Polycythaemia 184

Thrombocytosis 190

Bone Marrow Fibrosis 193

Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 197

Conclusions 199

10 Multiple Myeloma 201

Introduction 201

Multiple Myeloma 202

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undermined Significance 213

Other Conditions Associated with Paraproteinaemia 214

Conclusions 216

11 Platelets, Coagulation and Haemostasis 217

Overview of Haemostasis 217

In Vitro Coagulation 222

Limitation of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 222

Assessment of Coagulation Status 224

Inherited Coagulation Defects 230

Acquired Defects of Coagulation 233

Thrombocytopenia 237

Defective Platelet Function 242

Conclusions 243

12 Thrombosis and Its Management - Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet and Thrombolytic Therapy 245

Haemostasis and Thrombosis 245

Thrombophilia 248

The Need for Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy 250

Non-Pharmacological Means of Reducing Venous Thromboembolism 250

Parenteral Anticoagulants 251

Antiplatelet Agents 257

Thrombolytic Therapy 259

Antithrombotic Management of Specific Conditions 260

Conclusions 262

13 Blood Transfusion and Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 263

Blood, Blood Products and Blood Components for Transfusion 263

Recruitment, Screening and Testing of Blood Donors 267

Major Blood Group Systems 267

Tests Done in a Blood Transfusion Laboratory 274

The Indications for Blood Transfusion 276

The Adverse Effects of Transfusion 280

How Blood Transfusion Can Be Made Safer 281

Bone Marrow and Other Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 282

Conclusions 285

14 Things You Have to Know Before You Graduate 287

How to Take a Clinical History 288

How to Perform a Physical Examination 289

How to Request Laboratory Tests 290

How to Interpret Laboratory Tests 290

How to Prescribe Blood Components 291

How to Prescribe and Monitor Anticoagulant Therapy 291

When to Suspect a Haematological Disorder and How to Recognise a Haematological Emergency 291

How to Acquire Information You Do Not Have 292

How to Relate to a Patient 293

Conclusions 293

15 Further Reading 294

General 294

1 Physiology of the Blood and Bone Marrow 295

2 The Blood Count and Film 295

3 Microcytic Anaemias and the Thalassaemias 295

4 Macrocytic Anaemias 295

5 Haemoglobinopathies and Haemolytic Anaemias 296

6 Miscellaneous Anaemias, Pancytopenia and the Myelodysplastic Syndromes 297

7 Leucocytosis, Leucopenia and Reactive Changes in White Cells 297

8 Leukaemias and Lymphomas 297

9 Polycythaemia, Thrombocytosis and the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 298

10 Multiple Myeloma 298

11 Platelets, Coagulation and Haemostasis 299

12 Thrombosis and Its Management - Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet and Thrombolytic Therapy 299

13 Blood Transfusion and Stem Cell Transplantation 300

14 Things You Have to Know Before You Graduate 300

16 Preparing for Examinations and Self-Assessment 301

Preparing for Exams 301

Self-Evaluation Questions 302

Basic Multiple Choice Questions 302

Single Best Answer Multiple Choice Questions 307

Extended Matching Questions 311

Answers to Questions 318

Basic Multiple Choice Questions 318

Single Best Answer Multiple Choice Questions 320

Extended Matching Questions 322

17 Answers to Test Cases 323

Test Case 3.1 323

Test Case 4.1 323

Test Case 5.1 324

Test Case 5.2 324

Test Case 6.1 325

Test Case 7.1 325

Test Case 7.2 325

Test Case 8.1 325

Test Case 8.2 326

Test Case 9.1 326

Test Case 10.1 327

Test Case 11.1 327

Test Case 11.2 327

Test Case 12.1 327

Test Case 13.1 328

Index 329