Green Chemistry: Principles and Designing of Green Synthesis
75
Green Chemistry: Principles and Designing of Green Synthesis
75eBook
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Overview
The book describes on an introductory level the designing of chemical processes and products so as to reduce or eliminate the use or production of toxic or hazards substances. It explains the code of conduct meant to reduce the environmental impact of any chemical process, whether at laboratory scale or industrial scale. The synonyms of Green Chemistry are the Sustainable Chemistry or the low-environmental-impact Chemistry.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9783110752038 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | De Gruyter |
| Publication date: | 10/25/2021 |
| Series: | De Gruyter Textbook |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 75 |
| File size: | 3 MB |
| Age Range: | 18 Years |
About the Author
_ Syed Kazim Moosvi is Ph.D in Chemistry from National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India. He has done his post graduation in Chemistry from Kashmir University. He has qualified J&K State level Eligibility Test (SET). His area of research includes Material Chemistry. He has published number of articles in reputed International Journals. Mr. Kazim has participated and presented different papers in National and International conferences. Syed Kazim has also many book chapters and a book in his credit. He is currently working as Lecturer in Chemistry at Directorate of School Education Kashmir, Govt. of J&K, and India.
_ Waseem Gulzar Naqash MSc. From University of Kashmir India and Ph.D in Chemistry from National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India. He has qualified National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by joint CSIR-UGC, New Delhi. The author is actively involved in scientific research in the field of material science and has a number of research papers and book chapters to his credit. He is currently working as Assistant Professor in Chemistry at Cluster University, Srinagar.
_ Mohd. Hanief Najar is an Assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Govt. College of Engineering and Technology Safapora, Ganderbal. He did his Master’s from University of Kashmir and pursued his Ph. D. in the field of Material Sciences (Nano Sciences) from the Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Kashmir. He has qualified National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by joint CSIR-UGC, New Delhi. He has published more than 15 research articles in the Journals of high repute. Moreover, He presented a number of research papers in International, National and Regional Conferences. He also presented papers in National Seminars and Symposiums. Furthermore, participation in many National level Workshops also adds to his credit. His research interest’s lies in the areas of Photoadduct and Ferrite based Nano-materials and their Nano-composites with conducting polymers, Graphene based materials for EMI shielding, adsorption and in the waste water treatment. In addition, book and a book chapter also add to his credit.
Table of Contents
About the book v
Chapter 1 Green chemistry: introduction and principles 1
1.1 Introduction and need 1
1.2 Green chemistry importance 2
1.2.1 Green olefin metathesis 2
1.2.2 Use of green olefin metathesis technology to form cold water detergents 2
1.2.3 Medicine via green technology 4
1.2.4 Computer chips involving supercritical CO2 4
1.2.5 Biodegradable plastics 5
1.2.6 Water-based acrylic-alkyd paints with low VOC 5
1.3 The 12 principles of green chemistry 6
1.3.1 Waste prevention 6
1.3.2 Atom economy 7
1.3.3 Less hazardous chemical synthesis 9
1.3.4 Designing safer chemicals 10
1.3.5 Safer solvents and auxiliaries 11
1.3.6 Design for energy efficiency 11
1.3.7 Use of renewable feedstocks 12
1.3.8 Reduce derivatives 13
1.3.9 Catalysis 15
1.3.10 Design for degradation 15
1.3.11 Real-time pollution prevention 16
1.3.12 Inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention 17
1.4 Designing of green synthesis 17
References 19
Chapter 2 Designing a green synthesis 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Chemical synthesis 21
2.3 Designing a green synthesis using these principles 22
2.4 Prevention of waste/byproducts 23
2.4.1 Maximum incorporation of the materials used in the process into the final products (atom economy) 24
2.4.2 Atom economy 24
2.5 Prevention/minimization of hazardous/toxic products 30
2.6 Designing safer chemicals: different basic approaches 31
2.7 Applications of green chemistry in organic synthesis 33
2.8 Selection of appropriate auxiliary substances (solvents, separation agents) 34
2.8.1 Green solvents 34
2.8.2 Solventless process 35
2.8.3 Immobilized solvents and ionic liquids 36
2.9 Energy requirements for reactions 37
2.9.1 Use of microwaves 37
2.9.2 Ultrasonic energy 38
References 38
Chapter 3 Microwave-assisted green synthesis 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.1.1 Microwave-assisted reactions in water 39
3.2 Microwave-assisted reactions in organic solvents 42
3.2.1 Esterification 42
3.2.2 Fries rearrangement 43
3.2.3 Ortho ester Claisen rearrangement 44
3.2.4 Diels Alder Reaction 44
3.2.5 Decarboxylation 45
3.2.6 Alkylation 46
3.2.7 Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions 47
3.2.8 Reduction of aryl halide 48
3.2.9 Coupling reactions 48
3.2.10 Cannizaro reaction 50
References 52
Chapter 4 Solvent-free green synthesis 53
4.1 Solid-state microwave-assisted reactions or solvent-free reactions 53
4.1.1 Aromatic nucleophilic substitutions 53
4.1.2 Deacetylation 54
4.1.3 Oxidation 55
4.1.4 N-Alkylation 56
4.1.5 O-Alkylation 56
4.1.6 Reduction 56
4.1.7 Solid-state microwave-assisted Fries rearrangement 58
4.2 Protection and deprotection in organic synthesis reactions 58
4.2.1 Deprotection 59
4.3 Saponification of esters 60
4.4 Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis 60
4.4.1 Esterification 61
4.4.2 Saponification 61
4.4.3 Hydrolysis 62
4.4.4 Substitution reactions 62
4.4.5 Alkylation 62
4.4.6 Oxidation 64
4.4.7 Reduction 64
4.4.8 Coupling reactions 65
4.4.9 Reformatsky reaction 65
References 66
Index 67