Genetic Syndromes: A Comprehensive Reference Guide

Genetic Syndromes: A Comprehensive Reference Guide

Genetic Syndromes: A Comprehensive Reference Guide

Genetic Syndromes: A Comprehensive Reference Guide

(1st ed. 2024)

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Overview

This comprehensive reference work covers the full range of congenital syndromes. The first section uses a general approach discussing broad topics such as worldwide prevalence and possible etiologies of congenital syndromes including genetics, epigenetics and environmental factors. As well as the most common inheritance patterns of congenital syndromes. The next part of the work is organised in sections based on system specified classification of congenital syndromes. The main characteristics of each syndrome are summarized, including background and history, other name, etiology (genetics, epigenetics, and environment), clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and prognosis, and differential diagnosis.



Covering all known congenital syndromes and defining their characteristics, this book is the ultimate reference for clinicians, researchers, and students primary in the fields of genetics and pediatrics but also in other fields as it covers the syndromes of all systems. This book is particularly useful for clinicians in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients. With its apposite and easy-to-use classification this reference work offers straight-forward access to each syndrome.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9783030383800
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Publication date: 07/17/2024
Edition description: 1st ed. 2024
Pages: 8970
Product dimensions: 6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x (d)

About the Author

Nima Rezaei, is a MD, PhD in Clinical Immunology and Human Genetics. Having finished his PhD he was awarded a fellowship in Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases in Northern Supra Regional Bone Marrow Transplant Unit for SCID and Related Disorders, Newcastle General Hospital.


He has since authored more than 500 publications, including the Springer, "Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases", Immunology of Aging" and "Cancer Immunology" series, to which he was awarded the 10th, 16th and 17th Avicenna Award for the book of the year. He was recognized as the distinguished young researcher to the prestigious Rhazi Award in in Medical Science Research on 2006 and 2012. In 2017 he was recognized by the National Academy of Medical Sciences, as “Iran’s Best Medical Researcher of the Past Decade’’. Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Registry (IPIDR) since 1999, having more than thousands of PID and Paediatric Allergology and Immunology registered, is indeed one of his great scientific legacies.

Table of Contents

Genetics

Chromosomal defects


Single gene mutations


Autosomal dominant


Autosomal recessive


X-linked inheritance


Y-linked


Mihondrial


Genomic imprinting


Multifactorial


Epigenetics


DNA methylation


Histone acetylation



Environmental


Infections


Toxins


Medications and Drugs


Radiation


Nutritional insufficiency





Section 2: Congenital Syndromes classification: system Specific

Normal feature syndromes


Chromosome XXX syndrome (super female)


de la Chapelle syndrome (XX male syndrome)


Auditory Auricular syndromes


Velocardiofacial Syndrome


Auricular-Auditory-Ophthalmic-Musculoskeletal syndromes



Hemifacial microsomia


Cardiovascular syndromes


Brugada syndrome


Long QT syndrome (LQTS)


Taussig–Bing syndrome


Cardiovascular-Gastrointestinal-Pulmonary syndromes


Heterotaxia syndrome


Cardiovascular-Gastrointestinal-Renal syndromes


Alagille syndrome (Watson-Miller syndrome) (ICD-10: Q44.7)


Cardiovascular-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Arterial tortuosity syndrome


Cardiovascular-Cutaneous-Ophthalmic-Pulmonary-Urogenital syndromes


LEOPARD syndrome


Cardiovascular-Craniofacial syndromes


Aortic arch anomaly-peculiar facies-mental retardation syndrome


Asymmetric crying facies (ACF) (Cayler cardiofacial syndrome, partial unilateral facial paresis)



Cardiofacial syndrome (Cayler syndrome)


Conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF)


Cardiovascular-Endocrine-Neurologic syndromes


Malouf syndrome


Cardiovascular-Hematologic-Neurologic syndromes


Skeletal and cardiac malformations-thrombocytopenia syndrome


Cardiovascular-Neurologic syndromes


Erondu–Cymet syndrome


Microcephaly-cardiomyopathy syndrome


Cardiovascular-Sensorineural syndromes


Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS)



Craniofacial syndromes


Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome


Hall syndrome 1


Hughes syndrome (Acromegaloid facial appearance (AFA) syndrome)


Keppen–Lubinsky syndrome


Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome (C syndrome)


Pierre Robin syndrome (PRS)


Raine syndrome (RNS) (osteosclerotic bone dysplasia)


Craniofacial-Auricular-Auditory syndromes


Abruzzo–Erickson syndrome


Pierre Robin sequence (Weissenbacher–Zweymuller syndrome (WZS))



Craniofacial-Auriculoocularar syndromes


Branchio-oculo-facial (BOF) syndrome (BOFS)


Berry syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD))


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular syndromes


Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Cutaneous- Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome


Congenital hypertrichosis-osteochondrodysplasia-cardiomegaly syndrome


Kabuki make-up syndrome (KMS) (Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome)


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Cutaneous- Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Urogenital syndromes


Chromosome 14 trisomy syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Cutaneous-Neurologic syndromes


Golabi-Ito-Hall syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Gastrointestinal-Neurologic-Renal syndromes


German syndrome (fetal trimethadione syndrome)



Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Chromosome 5q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 6q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 12q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 12q duplication syndrome



Chromosome 15 trisomy


Ho–Kaufman–Mcalister syndrome


Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (Fairbank disease, Voorhoeve syndrome)


Sonoda syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Chromosome 8q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 9 trisomy syndrome


Chromosome 9q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 10q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 17p deletion syndrome


Chromosome 22 trisomy syndrome


Fetal hydantoin syndrome (FHS)


Hamel syndrome


Hunter-Fraser syndrome


Neurofaciodigitorenal (NFDR) syndrome


Noonan syndrome (Turner-like syndrome)


Pilotto syndrome



Shprintzen syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Chromosome 11q duplication syndrome (Jacobsen Syndrome)


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Ocular syndromes


Chromosome 10p duplication syndrome



Ter Haar syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Pulmonary-Renal syndromes


Chromosome 10q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 20p deletion syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Renal syndromes


Chromosome 5p duplication syndrome


Chromosome 15q tetrasomy syndrome


Chromosome 19p duplication syndrome


Chromosome tetraploidy syndrome


Eastman-Bixler syndrome (Faciocardiorenal syndrome)


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular- Musculoskeletal-Neurologic- Urogenital syndromes


Chromosome 2q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 3q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 4q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 7p deletion syndrome


Chromosome 9p tetrasomy syndrome



Chromosome 10 ring syndrome


Chromosome 10p duplication/10q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 14q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 21 monosomy syndrome


Harrod syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Urogenital syndromes


Chromosome 2 trisomy syndrome


Craniofacial- Cardiovascular-Neurologic syndromes


Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome


Chromosome 8p deletion syndrome


Chromosome 18q duplication syndrome



Chromosome 20q duplication syndrome


Williams syndrome (WMS, WS) (Beuren syndrome, Fanconi-Schlesinger syndrome)


Craniofacial- Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Auditory syndromes


Chromosome 6p deletion syndrome


Craniofacial- Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Chromosome 9q duplication/Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome


Craniofacial- Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Gastrointestinal-Renal syndromes


Chromosome 18 trisomy (Edwards syndrome)


Craniofacial- Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Hematologic syndromes



Chromosome 8p deletion syndrome


Craniofacial- Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Hematologic-Pulmonary syndromes


Chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Ophthalmic-Urogenital syndromes


Chromosome 4q duplication syndrome



Chromosome 7q duplication syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-auriculoocular-Urogenital syndromes


Chromosome 8 recombinant syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Renal syndromes


Chromosome 4p deletion syndrome (Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS))



Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Urogenital-Auditory Syndromes


CHARGE (coloboma-heart disease-atresia of choanae-retarded mental development and growth-genital hypoplasia-ear abnormalities-deafness) association or syndrome


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Urogenital syndromes


Chromosome 13 trisomy syndrome (Bartholin-Patau syndrome)


Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Renal-Urogenital syndromes


Poki–Shaffer syndrome (PSS)


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Endocrine-Ophthalmic syndromes


FACES syndrome


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Gastrointestinalsyndromes



Laband syndrome


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Circumferential skin creases-psychomotor retardation syndrome


Cranio–lenticulo–sutural dysplasia (Boyadjiev-Jabs syndrome)


Zori–Stalker–Williams syndrome


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Urogenital syndromes


Dubowitz syndrome


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) ( Coffin syndrome 2)


Craniofrontonasal syndrome (CNFS)



Craniotubular dysplasia-growth retardation-mental retardation-ectodermal dysplasia-loose skein syndrome


Hirsutism-skeletal dysplasia-mental retardation syndrome


Hypertrichosis-coarse face-brachydactyly-obesity-mental retardation syndrome


Lenz-Majewski-like syndrome (craniotubular dysplasia-growth retardation-mental retardation-ectodermal dysplasia-loose skein syndrome)


Lison syndrome


Macrocephaly-capillary malformation (M-CM)


Pollitt syndrome


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndromes


Conradi–Hünermann syndrome (X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctate)


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Neurologic syndromes


Chromosome 8p duplication syndrome


Chromosome 17 ring syndrome


Growth retardation-ocular abnormalities-microcephaly-brachydactyly-oligophrenia (GOMBO) syndrome


SCARF (skeletal abnormalities, cutis laxa, craniostenosis, psychomotor retardation, facial abnormalities) syndrome


Trichodental dysplasia-microcephaly-mental retardation syndrome


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Neurologic-Renal syndromes


Say syndrome 1


Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Urogenital syndromes


Chromosome 4 ring syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Acro–dermato–ungual–lacrimal–tooth syndrome


Adams–Oliver syndrome


Abducted thumbs syndrome (Christian syndrome 1)


Adducted thumb syndrome (Gareis-Mason syndrome)


Antley–Bixler syndrome


Apert syndrome


Aspartylglycosaminuria


Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS)


Carpenter syndrome


Catel–Manzke syndrome


Chromosome 17q deletion syndrome



Escobar syndrome (Multiple pterygium syndrome)


Fairbank-Keats syndrome (osteoglophonic dysplasia)


Fanconi syndrome (SPONASTRIME (SPOndylar changes-NAsal anomaly-STRIated-MEtaphyses))


Fetal valproate syndrome (FVS)


Freeman–Sheldon syndrome (FSS) (Windmill-Vane-Hand syndrome)


Geleophysic dysplasia


Hurst syndrome


Jackson-Weiss syndrome (JWS)


Microdontia-microcephaly-short stature syndrome


Nager syndrome



Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome V (Thurston syndrome)


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome X


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome XI


Otopalatodigital (OPD) syndrome II


Pfeiffer syndrome 1


Rapadilino syndrome


Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS)


Scott syndrome


Simpson-Golabi-Behmel (SGB) syndrome (SGBS) (Bulldog syndrome)


Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS)


Taybi syndrome (otopalatodigital (OPD) syndrome I)


Weaver syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Endocrine syndromes


Chromosome 9p duplication syndrome


Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Endocrine-Hematologic syndromes



Van Goethem Syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Chromosome 2p deletion syndrome


Chromosome 2q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 3p deletion syndrome


Chromosome 7q deletion syndrome



Chromosome 8p inverted duplication syndrome


Chromosome 8q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 12 ring syndrome


Chromosome 12p duplication syndrome


Chromosome 14 ring syndrome


Chromosome 14q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 17p duplication syndrome


Chromosome 18 ring syndrome


Chromosome 18p deletion syndrome


Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 22 monosomy syndrome


Chromosome diploid/triploid mixoploidy syndrome


Chromosome XXXXX syndrome (chromosome X pentasomy)


Costello syndrome


Edinburgh malformation syndrome


Facial dysmorphia-hyperextensibility of joints-clinodactyly-growth retardation-mental retardation syndrome


Fetal aminopterin syndrome


Fetal aminopterin-like syndrome


Filippi syndrome


Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) (Pelletier-Leisti syndrome)


Fontaine syndrome (ectrodactyly-mandibulo-facial dysostosis syndrome)


Hall-Riggs syndrome


KBG syndrome


Kelly syndrome (microcephaly-digital anomalies syndrome)


Lateral meningocele syndrome


Lenz-Majewski syndrome



Macrocephaly-facial abnormalities-disproportionate tall stature-mental retardation syndrome


Marden-Walker syndrome (MWS)


Mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria (MCDU)


Microcephaly-mild developmental delay-short stature-distinctive face syndrome


Microcephaly-mild mental retardation-short stature-skeletal anomalies syndrome


Oculo-auriculovertebral (OAV) dysplasia (Franceschetti-Goldenhar syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome (GS))


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome VI (Juberg-Hayward syndrome, Váradi-Papp syndrome)


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome I (Gorlin syndrome 1, Papillon-Léage and Psaume syndrome)


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome II (Mohr syndrome)


Pfeiffer syndrome 2


Pfeiffer syndrome 3


Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome (PRDS)


Pterygium colli-mental retardation-digital anomalies syndrome


Radial ray defects-triangular face-telecanthus-sparse hair-dwarfism-mental retardation syndrome


Roberts syndrome (RS) (Appelt-Gerken-Lenz syndrome)


Sao Paulo MCA/MR syndrome


Say-Meyer syndrome


SC phocomelia syndrome


Smith-Fineman-Myers syndrome (SFMS)


Sotos syndrome (Nevo syndrome)



Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome


Spinal muscular atrophy-microcephaly-mental retardation syndrome


Spondylometa-epiphyseal dysplasia-extreme short stature syndrome


Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked


Teebi syndrome


Toriello syndrome II


Weaver-Williams syndrome


Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch (WR) syndrome


Wisconsin syndrome



Woods syndrome


Zerres syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Auditory syndromes


Fountain syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Auriculoocular syndromes


Genée-Wiedemann syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Endocrine syndromes


Chromosome Xq deletion syndrome


Chudley syndrome 1


Chudley syndrome 2


Johanson-Blizzard syndrome (JBS)


Obesity-short stature-mental deficiency-hypogonadism-micropenis-finger contractures-cleft lip-palate syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome (Keller syndrome)


Craniofacial- Musculoskeletal-Neurologic- Hematologic syndromes


Cohen syndrome (Norio syndrome, Pepper syndrome)



Craniofacial- Musculoskeletal-Neurologic- Ophthalmic syndromes


Chromosome 8 trisomy syndrome


Craniofacial dysmorphism-absent corpus callosum-iris colobomas-connective tissue dysplasia syndrome


Fetal anticoagulant syndrome (DiSala syndrome)


Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) (François dyscephalia)


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome VIII


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome IX


Pseudoprogeria/Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (PHS)


Split foot-microphthalmia-cleft lip/palate-mental retardation syndrome


Split foot-microphthalmia-cleft lip/palate-mental retardation syndrome


syndactyly-cataracts-mental retardation syndrome


Craniofacial- Musculoskeletal-Neurologic- Ophthalmic-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Curry-Jones syndrome


Craniofacial- Musculoskeletal-Neurologic- Pulmonary syndromes


<chromosome 9q deletion syndrome

Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Renal syndromes


Distal limb deficiency-mental retardation syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Renal-Urogenital syndromes


Malpuech syndrome


Craniofacial- Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Urogenital syndromes


Caudal appendage-short terminal phalanges-deafness-cryptorchidism-mental retardaion syndrome


Chromosome 2p duplication syndrome


Chromosome 15 ring syndrome


Chromosome 21q tetrasomy syndrome



Chromosome triploidy syndrome


Chromosome X inversion syndrome


Malpuech syndrome


Rudiger syndrome


Ruvalcaba syndrome


Wittwer syndrome



Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal- Ophthalmic syndromes


Miller syndrome (Genee–Wiedemann syndrome)


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome III (Sugarman syndrome)


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal- Ophthalmic-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Idaho syndrome



Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Pulmonary syndromes


Fryns syndrome 3


Pointer syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Pulmonary-Auditory syndromes


Keutel syndrome 1



Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Pulmonary-Urogenital syndromes


Calabro syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Renal syndromes


Galloway Mowat syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Renal-Urogenital syndromes

Chromosome 18p tetrasomy syndrome


Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Urogenital syndromes


Michelin tire baby syndrome


Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome (Rüdiger syndrome 1)


Genitopatellar syndrome



Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS)


Craniofacial-Neurologic syndromes


Arrhinia-choanal atresia-microphthalmia syndrome


Bangstad syndrome


Brooks syndrome


Cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome



Chromosome 5p tetrasomy syndrome


Chromosome 6 ring syndrome


Chromosome 6q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 7 ring syndrome


Chromosome 11q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 12p deletion syndrome


Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome (Pallister-Killian syndrome)


Chromosome 13q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 15q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 16q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 18q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 19q duplication syndrome


Chromosome 22q deletion syndrome


Cleft palate-lateral synechiae (CPLS) syndrome


Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)


Fetal isotretinoin syndrome



Gangliosidosis GM1, type I (Caffey pseudo-Hurler syndrome)


Gangliosidosis GM1, type III


Hyde-Forster syndrome


Jugular foramen syndrome (Vernet's syndrome)


Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome



Mickleson syndrome



<orofaciodigital (ofd) syndrome vii (whelan syndrome) parietal foramina-brachymicrocephaly-mental retardation syndrome


Pitt–Hopkins syndrome


Pseudotoxoplasmosis syndrome


Skeletal dysplasia-joint laxity-mental retardation syndrome


Smith–Magenis Syndrome (SMS)


Toriello-Carey syndrome


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Auditory syndromes


Microcephaly-deafness syndrome


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Auriculoocular syndromes


Chromosome 3q deletion syndrome


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Endocrine syndromes


Fryns syndrome (2)


Microcephaly-hypergonadotropic hypogonadism-short stature syndrome


Ramon syndrome


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Zimmermann–Laband syndrome (ZLS)


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Immunologic syndromes


Rambam-Hasharon syndrome


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndrome


Cianchetti syndrome


Cranio-oculofrontonasal malformation


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Auditory syndromes


Fine-Lubinsky syndrome


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Immunologic syndromes


Toriello syndrome I


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Renal syndrome


Chromosome 16p duplication syndrome


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Sensorineural-Urologic syndromes


Juberg-Marsidi syndrome (JMS)


Craniofacial-Neurologic-Urogenital syndromes



Chromosome 3p duplication syndrome


Chromosome 7p duplication syndrome


Chromosome X fragility syndrome (Escalante syndrome, Martin-Bell syndrome (MBS), Renpenning syndrome 2)


MacDermot-Winter syndrome


Craniofacial-Ophthalmic syndromes


Crouzon syndrome


Craniofacial-Ophthalmic-Renal syndromes


Regenbogen-Donnai syndrome (Facio-oculo-acoustico-renal (FOAR) syndrome)


Craniofacial-Ocular-Urogenital


Chromosome 22q duplication syndrome


Craniofacial-Urogenital syndromes



<chromosome 5q deletion syndrome chromosome y;18 translocation syndrome


Cutaneous syndromes


Bazex syndrome


Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome (Dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminate)



Hay–Wells syndrome


Nakajo syndrome


Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome (NFJS)


Netherton syndrome


Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) (palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis)



Restrictive dermopathy (RD) (tight skin contracture syndrome)


Rombo syndrome


Senter syndrome


Setleis syndrome


Cutaneous-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Sensenbrenner syndrome (Levin syndrome I)



Cutaneous-Craniofacial-Meusuloskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip and palate-mental retardation syndactyly syndrome II


wrinkly skin syndrome (WSS)


Cutaneous-Craniofacial-Meusuloskeletal-Neurologic-Urogenital syndromes

Gomez and L—pez-Hernández syndrome Cutaneous-Craniofacial-Neurologic syndromes


Ichthyosis-characteristic appearance-mental retardation syndrome


Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome


Odontoonychodermal dysplasia (Fadhil syndrome)


Cutaneous-Craniofacial-Urogenital syndromes



Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome (Zlotogora-Ogür syndrome, Bowen–Armstrong syndrome)


Cutaneous-Dental syndromes


Lelis syndrome


Cutaneous-Gastrointestinal-sensorineural syndromes


ABCD syndrome


Cutaneous-Gastrointestinal-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Dermotrichic syndrome


Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Austin syndrome


Developmental delay-multiple strawberry nevi syndrome


Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (Gorlin syndrome 2, nevoid basal-cell carcinoma (NBCC) syndrome (NBCCS, NBS))


PAPA syndrome


Proteus syndrome (PS) (Wiedemann syndrome 2)


Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Ectodermal dysplasia-mental retardation-syndactyly syndrome


Hereditary bullous dystrophy



Ichthyosis follicularis-atrichia (or alopecia)-photophobia (IFAP) syndrome


Nail–patella syndrome (NPS)


Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS)


Skin masytosis-hearing loss-mental retardation syndrome


Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndromes



Cockayne syndrome (CS) 1


Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Renal syndromes


Ichthyosis-mental retardation-dwarfism-renal impairment syndrome


Ichthyosis-split hair-aminoaciduria syndrome


Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal- Ophthalmic syndromes


EEM syndrome (Ectodermal dysplasia-Ectrodactyly-Macular dystrophy syndrome) Cutaneous-sensorineural-urogenital syndromes


Johnson-McMillin syndrome


Cutaneous-Neurologic syndromes


Beare syndrome


Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome


Brittle hair-mental deficit syndrome (Sabinas syndrome)


Gingival fibromatosis-hypertrichosis-epilepsy-mental retardation syndrome


Ito hypomelanosis (Ito syndrome)


Late-onset local junctional epidermolysis bullosa-mental retardation syndrome


Legius syndrome (LS) (Neurofibromatosis Type 1-like syndrome (NFLS))


Neurofibromatosis type I


Tay syndrome


Cutaneous-Neurologic-Endocrine syndromes


Rud syndrome


Cutaneous-Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndromes


Cross syndrome (Kramer syndrome)


Desmons syndrome


Ichthyosis-alopecia-ectropion-mental retardation syndrome


Microphthalmia-dermal aplasia-sclerocornea (MIDAS) syndrome


Cutaneous-Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Hematologic syndromes


Richner-Hanhart syndrome


Cutaneous-ophthalmic syndromes


Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS)


Xeroderma pigmentosum


Cutaneous-Neurologic-Urogenital syndromes


Amish brittle hair syndrome (Trichothiodystrophy (TTD), BIDS syndrome)


Endocrine syndromes



Albright syndrome 1


Androgen insensitivity syndrome


Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome


Aromatase excess syndrome


Del Castillo syndrome (Sertoli cell-only syndrome)


Estrogen insensitivity syndrome


Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) insensitivity (ovarian follicle hypoplasia)


Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) insensitivity


Kallmann syndrome 3 (de Morsier syndrome)


Perrault syndrome


Swyer syndrome (XY gonadal dysgenesis)


Werner syndrome (WS)


Endocrine-Auditory syndromes


Pendred syndrome


Endocrine-Cardiovascular-Craniofacial-Neurologic syndromes


Young–Simpson syndrome (YSS)


Endocrine-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Gonadal failure-short stature-mitral valve prolapse-mental retardation syndrome


Endocrine-Craniofacial-Cutaneous syndromes


Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome



Endocrine-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Pallister-Hall syndrome (Hall syndrome 2)


Endocrine-Craniofacial- Neurologic syndromes


Diabetes mellitus-mental retardation-lipodystrophy-dysmorphic traits syndrome


Laron's syndrome


X-linked mental retardation-growth hormone deficiency syndrome


Endocrine-Craniofacial-Ophthalmic syndromes


MOMO syndrome


Endocrine-Craniofacial-Urogenital syndromes


Donohue syndrome (Leprechaunism)


Endocrine-Gastrointestinal-Ophthalmic syndromes


Triple-A syndrome (AAA) (Achalasia-Addisonianism-Alacrima syndrome, Allgrove syndrome)



Endocrine-Hematologic-Gastrointestinal-Neurologic syndrome


Crigler–Najjar syndrome


Endocrine-Hematologic-Neurologic syndromes


Denys–Drash syndrome


Endocrine-Musculoskeletal syndromes



Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC)


Kenny-Caffey syndrome (KCS)


Wolcott-Rallison syndrome

Endocrine-Musculoskeletal-Urogenital-Cutaneous syndromes


Berardinelli-Seip syndrome (Miescher syndrome 2)



Endocrine-Neurologic syndromes


Hypoparathyroidism-stature-mental retardation-seizures syndrome


Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS)


Endocrine-Neurologic-Cutaneous syndromes


Addison-Schilder syndrome (Siemerling-Creutzfeldt syndrome, Fanconi-Prader syndrome)


Åkesson syndrome


Feingold-Schilder syndrome


Hypogonadism-alopecia-diabetes mellitus-mental retardation-deafness-ECG abnormalities syndrome


Familial endocrine-neuroectodermal abnormalities syndrome


Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome


Endocrine-Neurologic-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Agonadism-mental retardation-short stature-retarded bone age syndrome


Brissaud syndrome 1


Chromosome Xp22 deletion syndrome


Chromosome XXY syndrome (Klinefelter syndrome (KS))


Chromosome XXXXY syndrome (Klinefelter variant)


Endocrine-Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Ophthalmic syndromes


Macrosomia-obesity-macrocephaly-ocular abnormality (MOMO) syndrome


Endocrine-Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndromes


Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism-mental retardation-microphthalmia syndrome


Pigmentary retinopathy-hypogonadism-mental retardation-nerve deafness-glucose intolerance syndrome


Endocrine-Neurologic-Renal syndromes


Barakat syndrome


Endocrine-Ophthalmic-Auditory syndromes


Tietz albinism-deafness syndrome (Tietz syndrome)


Wolfram syndrome


Endocrine-Pulmonary syndrome


ROHHAD syndrome (Rapid-onset Obesity with Hypothalamic dysfunction, Hypoventilation and Autonomic Dysregulation)


Endocrine-Renal Syndromes


Liddle syndrome


Endocrine-Urogenital syndromes


Leydig cell hypoplasia (Leydig cell agenesis)


Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS)


Gastrointestinal syndromes


Dubin–Johnson syndrome


Gilbert's syndrome (GS)


Lucey–Driscoll syndrome


Peutz–Jeghers syndrome


Prune belly syndrome (PBS)


Menkes syndrome


Rotor syndrome


Gastrointestinal-Musculoskeletal-Auditory syndromes


Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) (REAR syndrome)


Gastrointestinal-Craniofacial-Renal syndromes


Hardikar syndrome


Gastrointestinal-Craniofacial-Neurologic syndromes


Mowat–Wilson syndrome (Hischsprung disease-microcephaly-mental retardation-characteristic facies syndrome)



Gastrointestinal-Endocrine-Renal syndromes


Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BW, BWS)



Gastrointestinal-Hematologic-Neurologic syndromes


Anderson syndrome


Gastrointestinal-Neurologic syndromes


Mungan syndrome


Sandifer syndrome


Gastrointestinal-Craniofacial-Neurologic-Auditory syndromes


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS)


Gastrointestinal-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Urogenital syndromes<

Hennekam syndrome


Hematologic and neoplastic syndromes



Bloom syndrome


Gardner syndrome


Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) (platelet alpha-granule deficiency)


Kostmann syndrome


Li–Fraumeni syndrome


Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)


Mihondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome (MNGIE)


Pacak-Zhuang syndrome


Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)


Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence


Hematologic-Craniofacial-Neurologic syndromes


Congenital Thrombocytopenia-Robin sequence-agenesis of corpus callosum-distinctive facies-developmental delay syndrome


Hematologic-Cutaneous syndromes


Kasabach–Merritt syndrome (KMS)


Zinsser-Engman-Cole syndrome


Hematologic-Endocrine-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Pearson syndrome


Hematologic-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Berdon syndrome


Hematologic-musculoskeletal syndromes

Aase syndrome


OSLAM syndrome



Hematologic-Musculoskeletal-Ophthalmic syndromes


Osteosarcoma-cataracts-diabetes mellitus-osteoporosis-erythroid macrocytosis-growth and developmental deficiency syndrome


Hematologic-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndrome


Myopathy-lactic acidosis-sideroblastic anemia syndrome


Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency


Hematologic-Neurologic syndromes


Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, nondeletion type (ATR2, ATR, nondeletion)


Arakawa syndrome 2


Benjamin syndrome


Hb H disease-mental retardation syndrome (Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, deletion type (ATR, deletion. ATR1, ATR-16))<

Neuroblastoma-multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndrome


Hematologic-Sensorineural syndromes


Fechtner syndrome


Immunologic syndromes


MonoMAC syndrome


Nezelof syndrome


Omenn syndrome


Immunologic-Cardiovascular-Craniofacial-Endocrine syndromes


DiGeorge syndrome (DGS)


Immunologic-Craniofacial syndromes


ICF syndrome (Immunodeficiency-Centromere instability-Facial anomalies syndrome)



Immunologic-Craniofacial-Neurologic syndromes


Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome


Immunologic-Craniofacial- Cutaneous-Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndromes


Vici syndrome


Immunologic-Cutaneous Syndromes


Chronic Atypical Neutrophilic Dermatosis with Lipodystrophy and Elevated Temperature (CANDLE) syndrome


Griscelli syndrome


Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome


WHIM Syndrome (Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Immunodeficiency, and Myelokathexis syndrome)


Immunologic-Cutaneous-Hematologic Syndromes



TEMPI Syndrome


Immunologic-Cutaneous-Neurologic Syndromes


Ataxia telangiectasia variant 1 (AT-V1) (Berlin breakage syndrome)


Chédiak–Higashi syndrome



Musculoskeletal syndromes


Achard syndrome


Acropectoral syndrome


Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC)


Currarino syndrome


Pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy (Becker dystrophy, Duchenne syndrome)



Desbuquois syndrome


Guérin-Stern syndrome


Ionasescu syndrome (Charcot-Marie syndrome, X-linked recessive, Type II)


Klippel–Feil syndrome


Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 1 (LCCS1)


Liebenberg Syndrome


Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD)


Marie-Sainton syndrome (Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD, CLCD))


Osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism


Poland syndrome


Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia-short limb-abnormal calcification syndrome


Spondyloperipheral dysplasia


Tetra-amelia syndrome


Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD)


Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome (Cleidorhizomelic syndrome)


Worth syndrome X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM, MTMX) (centronuclear myopathy (CNM))


Musculoskeletal-Auditory syndrome


Dystonia-deafness syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular syndromes


Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS)


Holt–Oram syndrome


Larsen syndrome (LS)


Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Microcephaly-oculo-digito-esophageal-duodenal (MODED) syndrome ( Feingold syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular-Ophthalmic syndromes


Frank ter Haar-syndrome<

Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular-Pulmonary syndromes


Yunis–Varon syndrome (YVS)


Musculokeletal-Craniofacial syndromes


Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (GCPS) syndrome (Greig syndrome, Hootnick-Holmes syndrome)


Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) (Cheney syndrome)



Impossible Syndrome (Chondrodysplasia-situs inversus-imperforate anus-polydactyly)


Multiple synostoses syndrome<

Occipital horn syndrome (OHS)


Orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome IV (Baraitser-Burn syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Auriculo ocular syndromes



Berry-Treacher Collins syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Urogenital syndromes


Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome


Chromosome XO syndrome (Turner syndrome (TS))


Chromosome Xq duplication syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Endocrine syndromes


McDonough syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Cardiovascular syndromes


Bixler syndrome (Hypertelorism-microtia-clefting (HMC) syndrome)


Brachydactyly-mesomelia-mental retardation-aortic dilation-mitral valve prolapse-characteristic facies syndrome



Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Endocrine-Neurologic syndromes


Mental retardation-facial anomalies-hypopituitarism-distal arthrogryposis syndrome


Mental retardation-distal arthrogryposis syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Neurologic syndromes


Kocher-Debré-Sémélaigne (KDS) syndrome



Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndromes


Osteogenesis imperfecta-optic atrophy-retinopathy-developmental delay syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Auditory syndromes


Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Ophthalmic syndromes



Weill–Marchesani syndrome 9Spherophakia-brachymorphia syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Urogenital syndromes


Aarskog–Scott syndrome (Greig syndrome) (ICD 10: Q87.1)


Robinow syndrome (Mesomelic dwarfism-small genitalia syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Neurologic syndromes



Trichorhinophalangeal (TRP) syndrome 2 (TRPS2) (Alè-Calò syndrome, Langer-Giedion syndrome)


Arthrogryposis-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate-developmental delay syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Neurologic-Pulmonary syndromes


Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS, RTS)


Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Urologic syndromes


Schmitt Gillenwater Kelly syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Cutaneous-Hematologic syndrome


Maffucci syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Cutaneous-Ophthalmic syndromes


SHORT syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Cutaneous-Urogenital syndromes


Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS)


Musculoskeletal-Gastrointestinal-Cardiovascular-Pulmonary-Renal syndromes


VACTERL (vertebral anomalies-anal atresia-cardiac abnormalities-tracheoesophageal fistula-renal agenesis-limb defects) association with hydrocephalus syndrome


VATER (vertebral defects-anal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula-esophageal atresia-radial and renal dysplasia) association or syndrome (Kaufman syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Gastrointestinal-Urogenital syndromes


Johnson–Munson syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Ophthalmic-Neurologic syndromes



CAMFAK (cataract-microcephaly-failure to thrive-kyphoscoliosis) syndrome (Cockayne syndrome 2, Lowry syndrome 2)



Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) (Aberfeld syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Arkless-Graham syndrome (Acrodysostosis)


Acrofacial dysostosis (ACD), Catania type


Acrofrontofacionasal (AFFN) dysostosis syndrome 1


Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT)


Erb-Charcot syndrome (spastic paraplegia (SP))


Hyperglycerolemia


Hutterite cerebro-osteo-nephrodysplasia


Jancar syndrome


Keutel syndrome 2



Lujan-Fryns syndrome


Marfanoid habitus-mental retardation syndrome


Mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia-small stature-seizures-mental retardation syndrome


Radio-ulnar synostosis-short stature-microcephaly-scoliosis-mental retardation syndrome


Radioulnar synostosis-developmental retardation-hypotonia syndrome


Short stature-microcephaly-syndactyly-dysmorphic face-mental retardation syndrome


Spinal muscular atrophy-mental retardation syndrome


Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda-mental retardation syndrome


Troyer syndrome (TS)


Wieacker-Wolff syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Cardiovascular-Ophthalmic syndromes


Marfan syndrome (MFS)


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Cardiovascular-Urogenital syndromes


Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome I (SLOS I) (RSH syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Cardiovascular-Renal syndromes


Pretzel syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Cutaneous syndromes


Dubowitz syndrome 1


Fitzsimmons syndrome


Growth retardation-small and puffy hands-eczema syndrome


Grubben syndrome


Patterson syndrome


Ulnar hypoplasia-club feet-mental retardation syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Cutaneous-Endocrine-Cardiovascular syndromes


Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Cutaneou-Auditory syndromes


Macrocephaly-hypertelorism-short limbs-hearing loss-developmental delay syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Endocrine-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Fryns syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Jeune syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Audiovisual syndromes


Brachydactyly-dwarfism-hearing loss-microcephaly-mental retardation syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Auditory syndromes


Cowchock syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Gastrointestinal-Ophthalmic syndromes


Mulibrey (muscle-liver-brain-eye) nanism or dwarfism (Perheentupa syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndromes


Bhaskar–Jagannathan syndrome


Chondrodysplasia-pseudohermaphrodism syndrome


Coffin syndrome 1


Microcephaly-muscular build-rhizomelia-cataracts syndrome


Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPS)


Spastic quadriplegia-retinitis pigmentosa-mental retardation syndrome



Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Auditory syndromes


Dislocated elbow-bowed tibiae-scoliosis-deafness-cataract-microcephaly-mental retardation syndrome


Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome (MTS)


Musculoskeletal-Neurologic-Pulmonary syndromes


Marshall-Smith Syndrome


Stüve-Wiedemann (SW) syndrome (SWS)



Musculoskeletal-Neurologic- renal syndromes


Eronen syndrome


Marfanoid habitus-microcephaly-glomerulonephritis syndrome


Musculoskeleal-Ophthalmic-Endocrine syndromes


Chromosome Xp21 deletion syndrome



Musculoskeletal-Ophthalmic-Renal syndromes


Acroreno-ocular syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Renal syndromes


Exner syndrome (Serpentine fibula-polycystic kidney syndrome)


Musculoskeletal-Auriculoocular syndromes


Fine-Lubinsky syndrome


Musculoskeletal-Urogenital syndromes


Hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS)


Musculoskeleta-Vascular-Cutaneous syndromes


Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber (KTW) syndrome (Parkes Weber syndrome)


Neurologic and mental syndromes


Agenesis of corpus callosum-mental retardation-osseous lesions syndrome


Alexander syndrome


Alzheimer syndrome


Angelman syndrome (Happy puppet syndrome)


Apak syndrome



Arakawa syndrome I


Arakawa's syndrome II


Asperger syndrome


Absence of septum pellucidum with porencephalia syndrome (SASPP)


Andermann syndrome



Apraxia-ataxia-mental deficiency syndrome


Arts syndrome


Ataxia-deafness-retardation (ADR) syndrome


Atkin-Flaitz syndrome


Benign familial macrocephaly (BFM)


Berry-Kravis and Israel syndrome


Brunner syndrome


Cavum septum pellucidum-cavum vergae-macrocephaly-seizures-mental retardation syndrome


Cerebro-oculo-muscular syndrome (COMS)


Chromosome 5p deletion syndrome (cri du chat syndrome)



Chromosome 15 inverted duplication


Chromosome 19 ring syndrome


Chromosome 20 ring syndrome


Chromosome 22 supernumerary marker


Cocktail party syndrome



Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS)


Dysequilibrium syndrome (DES) (Halpern syndrome)


Einstein syndrome


Fahr's syndrome (Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification)


Familial striatal degeneration (infantile bilateral striatal necrosis (IBSN) syndrome)


Fragile site mental retardation 2 (FMR2)


Garcia-Lurie syndrome


Gastaut-Geschwind syndromes


Gerhardt syndrome (familial vocal cord dysfunction)


Hydrocephalus-cerebellar agenesis syndrome


Kifafa seizure disorder


Krabbe disease (KD) 1


Lysine malabsorption syndrome


Menkes-Kaplan syndrome


Microcephaly-calcification of cerebral white matter syndrome


Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS)


Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN)


Norman-Roberts syndrome (NRS)


Ohtahara syndrome (OS)


Panayiotopoulos syndrome



Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD)


Porencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-internal malformations syndrome


Poki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS)


Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency


Rett syndrome (RS, RTS)


Riley–Day syndrome (Familial dysautonomia (FD), hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN-III))


Salla disease


Santavuori syndrome (muscle-eye-brain syndrome (MEBS))


Savant syndrome


Schmidley syndrome (Schmid-Fraccaro syndrome)


Seemanová syndrome 1


Tranebjaerg syndrome 2


Uner Tan syndrome


Vasquez syndrome (X-linked mental retardation syndrome 6 (MRXS6))


Vles syndrome


Waisman syndrome


Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) (Chemke syndrome)


West syndrome (WS) (Eclampsia nutans)


Worster-Drought syndrome


X-linked mental retardation 2 (MRX2, XLMR2)


X-linked mental retardation 4 (MRX4, XLMR4)


X-linked mental retardation 5 (MRX5, XLMR5)


X-linked mental retardation 7 (MRX7, XLMR7)


X-linked mental retardation 8 (MRX8, XLMR8)



X-linked mental retardation 9 (MRX9, XLMR9)


X-linked mental retardation 13 (MRX13, XLMR13)


X-linked mental retardation 14 (MRX14, XLMR14)


X-linked mental retardation 15 (MRX15, XLMR15)


X-linked mental retardation 16 (MRX16, XLMR16)



X-linked mental retardation 17 (MRX17, XLMR17)


X-linked mental retardation 18 (MRX18, XLMR18)


X-linked mental retardation 19 (MRX19, XLMR19)


X-linked mental retardation 20 (MRX20, XLMR20)


X-linked mental retardation 23 (MRX23, XLMR23)


X-linked mental retardation 24 (MRX24, XLMR24)


X-linked mental retardation (MRX25, XLMR25)


X-linked mental retardation 26 (MRX26, XLMR26)


X-linked mental retardation 27 (MRX27, XLMR27)


X-linked mental retardation 29 (MRX29, XLMR29)


X-linked mental retardation 30 (MRX30, XLMR30)


X-linked mental retardation 31 (MRX31, XLMR31)


X-linked mental retardation 32 (MRX32, XLMR32)


X-linked mental retardation 34 (MRX34. XLMR34)



X-linked mental retardation 38 (MRX38, XLMR38)


X-linked mental retardation 39 (MRX39, XLMR39)


X-linked mental retardation 41 (MRX41, XLMR41)


X-linked mental retardation (MRX 47, XLMR 47)


X-linked mental retardation-aphasia syndrome (MRXA)


X-linked mental retardation-seizures-acquired micrencephaly-agenesis of corpus callosum syndrome


X-linked mental retardation syndrome 5 (MRXS5) (Pettigrew syndrome (PGS))


Neurologic-Auditory syndromes


Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome


Neurologic-Cardiovascular-Endocrine syndromes


Chromosome X;autosome translocation syndrome


Neurologic-CardiovascularRenal syndromes


Distal Trisomy 10q


Neurologic-Cardiovascular-Urogenital


Najjar syndrome



Neurologic-cutaneous syndromes


Abdallat–Davis–Farrage syndrome


Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (ICD-10: G31.8)


Absent nails-kinesogenic choreoathetosis-epilepsy-developmental delay syndrome


Alopecia-epilepsy-oligophrenia syndrome (Moynahan alopecia syndrome)


Alopecia-mental retardation (AMR) syndrome


Feuerstein-Mims syndrome (epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS))


Mental retardation-sparse hair syndrome


Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS)


Tranebjaerg syndrome 1 (X-linked mental retardation-psoriasis syndrome)


Neurologic-Cutaneous-Endocrine syndromes


Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-hypothyroidism-agenesis of corpus callosum syndrome


Obesity-mental retardation-delayed puberty-macroorchidism-acanthosis nigricans-hyperinsulinemia syndrome


Neurologic-Cutaneous-Hematologic syndromes


Tuberous sclerosis


Neurologic-Cutaneous-Immunologic syndromes



Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS)


Neurologic-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Cantú syndrome


Cerebral malformations-seizures-hypertrichosis-overlapping fingers syndrome


Chromosome diploid/tetraploid mixoploidy syndrome



Coffin-Siris syndrome


Jaeken syndrome (Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein (CDG) syndrome (CDGS) 1)


Mental retardation-absent nails of hallux and pollex syndrome


Schinzel-Giedion syndrome (SGS)


Van den Bosch syndrome


Neurologic-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial syndromes


MORFAN (mental retardation-pre- and postnatal overgrowth-remarkable face-acanthosis nigricans) syndrome


Neurologic-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial-Immunologic syndromes


Mulvihill-Smith syndrome


Neurologic-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Sensorineural syndromes


DOOR (deafness-onychodystrophy-osteodystrophy-retardation) syndrome


Neurologic-Cutaneous-Ophthalmic syndromes


Fishman syndrome<

GAPO syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Auditory syndromes


Branchial arch syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Cardiovascular syndromes


Generalized hypotonia-congenital hydronephrosis-characteristic face syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Kapur-Toriello syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal syndromes



Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome


Mental retardation-mitral valve prolapse-characteristic face syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Urogenital syndromes


Chromosome 1q deletion syndrome


Chromosome 1q duplication syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Ophthalmic syndromes


Lowry-MacLean syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Cardiovascular-Renal syndromes


Mutchinick syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Endocrine syndromes


Sanjad-Sakati syndrome


Tariverdian syndrome


Zollino syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Bohring syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Acrocallosal syndrome (Schinzel syndrome 1)


Alopecia-contractures-dwarfism (ACD)-mental retardation syndrome


Baraitser-Winter syndrome


Cerebrocostomandibular (CCM) syndrome (CCMS) (Smith-Theiler-Schachenmann syndrome)


Cerebrofaciothoracic syndrome or dysplasia


Chromosome X fragility syndrome


Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS)


Fucosidosis


Hutchinson–Gilford progeria


Mental retardation-coarse face-microcephaly-epilepsy-skeletal abnormalities syndrome


Mental retardation-overgrowth-craniosynostosis-distal arthrogryposis-sacral dimple-joint laxity syndrome


Mental retardation-coarse facies-epilepsy-joint contractures syndrome


Microcephaly-mild mental retardation-short stature-skeletal anomalies syndrome


Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I (Ellis-Sheldon syndrome, Hurler syndrome)


Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) II (Hunter syndrome)


Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III (A, B, C, D) (Sanfilippo syndrome (A, B, C, D))


Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IV (A, B) (Brailsford syndrome)


Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI (Maroteaux-Lamy disease)


Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII (Sly syndrome)


Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VIII (DiFerrante syndrome)


Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS)


Osteopenia-sparse hair-mental retardation syndrome


Pallister syndrome 1 (W syndrome)


Porteous syndrome



Seckel syndrome (SS)


Toriello syndrome II


Toriello-Carey syndrome


Van Haldergem syndrome


X-linked mental retardation 3 (MRX3, XLMR3)


X-linked mental retardation 6 (MRX6, XLMR6)


X-linked mental retardation 21 (MRX21, XLMR21)


X-linked mental retardation 28 (MRX28. XLMR28)


X-linked mental retardation 35 (MRX35, XLMR35)


X-linked mental retardation 36 (MRX36, XLMR36)


X-linked mental retardation 37 (MRX37, XLMR37)


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Ophthalmic-Immunologic syndromes


Toriello syndrome I


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Auditory syndromes


Fountain syndrome


Hearing loss-mental deficiency-growth retardation-clubbed digits-EEG abnormalities syndrome


Mental retardation-hearing impairment-distinct facies-skeletal anomalies syndrome


Myhre syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Auditory-Dental syndromes


Cerebro-oculo-dento-auriculo-skeletal (CODAS) syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Cutaneous-Ophthalmic syndromes


Prieto syndrome (PRS) (X-linked mental retardation syndrome 2 (MRXS2))


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Endocrine syndromes


Miles-Carpenter syndrome (MCS) (X-linked mental retardation syndrome 4 (MRXS4))


Sutherland-Haan syndrome (SHS) (X-linked mental retardation syndrome 3 (MRXS3))


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Urogenital syndromes


Mental retardation-polydactyly-phalangeal hypoplasia-syndactyly-unusual face-uncombable hair syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Cutaneous syndromes


Kaufman syndrome (3)


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Cutaneous-Gastrointestinal-Auriculoocular-Musculoskeletal-Renal-Urogenital syndromes


BRESHECK (brain anomalies-retardation of mentality and growth-ectodermal dysplasia-skeletal malformations-Hirschsprung disease-ear deformity and deafness-eye hypoplasia-cleft palate-cryptorchidism-kidney dysplasia/hypoplasia) syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Ophthalmic-Auditory syndromes


X-linked mental retardation-blindness-deafness-multiple congenital anomalies syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Ophthalmic syndromes


Infantile cerebello-optic atrophy (progressive encephalopathy-edema-hypsarrhythmia-optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome)


HEC syndrome


Neurologic-Craniofacial-Urogenital syndromes



BÖrjeson syndrome


Urofacial syndrome (Ochoa syndrome)


Neurologic-Endocrine-Immunologic syndromes


Chromosome 15q triplication syndrome


Neurologic-Endocrine-Ophthalmic syndromes


Martsolf syndrome



Mental retardation-ataxia-hypotonia-hypogonadism-retinal dystrophy syndrome.


Neurologic-Endocrine- Urogenital syndromes


Urban-Rogers-Meyer syndrome


Neurologic-Gastrointestinal syndrome


Gangliosidosis GM3


Hyperammonemic syndrome (Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency (OTCD))


Neurologic-Gastrointestinal-Ophthalmic syndromes


Hyperpipecolic acidemia-hepatomegaly-mental retardation-optic dysplasia-progressive neurological disease syndrome


Neurologic-hematologic syndromes


Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS)


Bickers-Adams syndrome


Biemond syndrome (BS) 1


Biemond syndrome (BS) 2


Christian syndrome 2


Chromosome 1p duplication syndrome


Chromosome 14 uniparental disomy syndrome


Corpus callosum hypoplasia-retardation-adducted thumbs-spastic paraparesis-hydrocephalus (CRASH) syndrome


de Lange syndrome 1


de Lange syndrome 2


Dysosteosclerosis (DOS)


Gangliosidosis GM1, type II (Derry syndrome)


GMS syndrome (goniodysgenesis, intellectual disability, short stature)


Hydrocephalus-skeletal anomalies-mental disturbances syndrome


Kaveggia syndrome (BD syndrome)


Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome (KTS)


Mental retardation-spastic paraplegia (paraparesis) syndrome



Mesoaxial hexadactyly-cardiac malformation syndrome


Paine syndrome


Partington syndrome (PRTS) (X-linked mental retardation syndrome 1 (MRXS1))


sco dos santos syndrome (mental retardation-hip luxation-g6pd variant syndrome)

Stoll syndrome (mental retardation-short stature-hypertelorism syndrome)


Warkany syndrome 1


X-linked mental retardation 22 (MRX22, XLMR22)


X-linked mental retardation 33 (MRX33, XLMR33)


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular-Ophthalmic syndromes


Chromosome 13 ring syndrome


Fryns-van den Berghe syndrome (Onat syndrome)


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular syndromes


Bergia syndrome


Chromosome 8p mosaic tetrasomy


Chromosome 17q duplication syndrome


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular-Endocrine syndromes


Moynahan syndrome 1


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Cardiovascular-Hematologic syndromes


McLeod syndrome



Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Endocrine syndromes



Young-Hughes syndrome



Neurologic-Musculoskeletal- Endocrine-Ophthalmic-Auditory Syndromes


Flynn–Aird syndrome


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Sensorineural Syndromes


Richards-Rundle syndrome (RRS)


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Gastrointestinal-Sensorineural Syndromes


Deafness-femoral epiphyseal dysplasia-short stature-developmental delay syndrome


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Ophthalmic-Auditory syndrome


Gustavson syndrome


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Endocrine-Ophthalmic syndromes


Laurence-Moon syndrome


Renpenning syndrome 1


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Cutaneous-Endocrine-Ophthalmic-Auditory- syndromes


Mental retardation-congenital cataracts-sensorineural deafness-hypogonadism-hypertrichosis-short stature syndrome


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Ophthalmic syndromes


Cerebellar vermis hypo/aplasia-oligophrenia-congenital ataxia-ocular coloboma-hepatic fibrosis (COACH) syndrome



Gurrieri syndrome (mental retardation-epilepsy-short stature-skeletal dysplasia syndrome)



Lowry-Wood syndrome (LWS)


Marinesco-Sjögren-like syndrome (MSLS)


Mietens-Weber syndrome


Möbius syndrome


Rodrigues syndrome


Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Urogenital syndromes



Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS)


Branchio-skeleto-genital (BSG) syndrome (ElSahy-Waters syndrome)


Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome


Passos-Bueno syndrome


Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)


Proud syndrome


Urban–Rogers–Meyer syndrome


X-linked seizures-acquired micrencephaly-agenesis of corpus callosum syndrome


Neurologic-Pulmonary Syndromes


Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome


Plott syndrome (familial vocal cord dysfunction)


Neurologic-Ophthalmic syndromes


Aicardi syndrome


Aldred syndrome


Ataxia-microcephaly-cataract (AMC) syndrome


Behr syndrome 2


Chorioretinal dysplasia-microcephaly-mental retardation syndrome (CDMMS)


Gillespie syndrome 2


Joubert syndrome



Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS)


Mirhosseini-Holmes-Walton syndrome


Mollica syndrome


Sato syndrome


X-linked mental retardation 10 (MRX10, XLMR10)


X-linked mental retardation 11 (MRX11, XLMR11)


X-linked mental retardation 12 (MRX12, XLMR12)


Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Cardiovascular-Auditory-Endocrine syndromes


Ohdo blepharophimosis syndrome


Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Urogenital syndromes


chromosome 11p deletion syndrome


MORM syndrome


Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Pulmonary syndromes


Bertini syndrome


Neurologic-Ophthalmic-Sensorineural syndromes


Begeer syndrome


Norrie syndrome


Neurologic-Renal syndromes


Galloway syndrome


Neurologic-vascular syndromes


Bourneville-Pringle syndrome <

Neurologic-Vascular-Gastrointestinal syndromes

Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome (RMSS)


Ophthalmic syndromes


Ascher's syndrome


Blepharonasofacial syndrome (Pashayan-Pruzansky syndrome)


Brown's syndrome


Cataract-microcornea syndrome


Fukuyama syndrome


Graham syndrome


Jalili syndrome


Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA)


Lenz syndrome 2


Senior–Løken syndrome


Ophthalmic-Auditory-Cardiovascular syndromes


Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)


Ophthalmic-Auditory-Cutaneous-Neurologic syndromes


Waardenburg syndrome



Ophthalmic-Cardiovascular-Gastrointestinal-Urologic syndromes


Cat eye syndrome (CES) (Schmid-Fraccaro syndrome)


Ophthalmic-Craniofacial-Endocrine-Neurologic syndromes


Kearns–Sayre syndrome


Ophthalmic-Craniofacial syndromes


Stickler syndrome



Ophthalmic-Craniofacial-Cutaneous syndromes


Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS)< <

Ophthalmic-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Michels syndrome


Congenital cataracts-sensorineural deafness-Down syndrome-like facial appearance-short stature-mental retardation syndrome


Gorlin syndrome OR (Gillespie syndrome, oculo-dento-digital (ODD) syndrome)


Rieger syndrome (RGS)


Ophthalmic-Craniofacial-Musculoskeletal-Renal-Urogenital syndromes


Fraser syndrome


Ophthalmic-Craniofacial-Neurologic syndromes


Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome


Rutherfurd syndrome


Ophthalmic-Cutaneous-Cardiovascular-Neurologic-Auditory syndromes


Zunich syndrome (CHIME syndrome: colobomas-heart defects-ichthyosiform dermatosis-mental retardation-ear defects)


Ophthalmic-Cutaneous-Neurologic syndromes


Cataract-hypertrichosis-mental retardation (CAHMR) syndrome


Delleman syndrome (oculo-cerebro-cutaneous (OCC) syndrome)


Ophthalmic-Dental-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Axenfeld syndrome


Ophthalmic-Dental-Neurologic syndromes


Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS)


Ophthalmic-Hematologic-Cutaneous-Neurologic syndromes


Revesz syndrome



Ophthalmic-Neurologic syndromes


Ardalan–Shoja–Kiuru syndrome


Ayazi syndrome


Crome syndrome


Lenz microphthalmia syndrome (LMS)


Microphthalmia-mental deficiency syndrome


Seemanová-Lesny syndrome


Shallow orbits-ptosis-coloboma-trigonocephaly-gyral malformations-mental and growth retardation syndrome


Usher syndrome (US) (Graefe-Usher syndrome, Hallgren syndrome)


Went syndrome


Zamzam–Sheriff–Phillips syndrome


Ophthalmic-Neurologic-Endocrine syndromes



Blepharophimosis syndrome (blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus (BPEI) syndrome (BPES))


Carnevale syndrome


Developmental delay-short stature-anterior chamber cleavage disorder-cerebellar hypoplasia-endocrine disturbances-tracheostenosis syndrome


Ptosis-downslanting palpebral fissures-hypertelorism-seizures-mental retardation syndrome


Ophthalmic-Neurologic-Endocrine-Renal syndromes


Lowe syndrome (LS)


Ophthalmic-Neurologic- Musculoskeletal-Endocrine-Gastrointestinal syndromes


Leber congenital amaurosis-short stature-growth hormone insufficiency-mental retardation-hepatic dysfunction-metabolic acidosis syndrome


Ophthalmic-Neurologic-Musculoskeletal syndromes


Blepharophimosis-ptosis-syndactyly-short stature syndrome


Cataract-motor system disorder-short stature-learning difficulty-skeletal abnormalities syndrome


Chromosome 13q deletion syndrome (Orbeli syndrome)


Krause-Kivlin syndrome (Peters-plus syndrome)


Laurence–Moon syndrome (LMS)


Neuhäuser syndrome


Waardenburg syndrome 3 (Ophthalmo-acromelic syndrome)


Ophthalmic-Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Renal syndromes


Sommer syndrome


Ophthalmic-Neurologic-Auditory-Renal syndromes


coloboma-cleft lip/palate-mental retardation syndrome


Ophthalmic-Renal-Urogenital syndromes


WAGR syndrome


Ophthalmic-Urogenital syndromes


Opitz syndrome (OS)


Pulmonary syndromes


Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (tracheobronchomegaly)


wilson-mikity syndrome

Pulmonary-Cutaneous-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Watson syndrome


Pulmonary-Neurologic-Auditory-Urogenital syndromes


Congenital emphysema-cryptorchidism-penoscrotal web-deafness-mental retardation syndrome


Renal syndromes



Alport syndrome


Bartter syndrome (BS)


Renal-Auricular syndromes


BOR syndrome (branchiootorenal syndrome)


Lachiewicz–Sibley syndrome


Renal-Endocrine-Musculoskeletal-Neurologic syndromes


Perlman syndrome


Renal-musculoskeletal syndromes


Acrorenal syndrome


Geleophysic dysplas


Ulbright–Hodes syndrome (Renal dysplasia-limb defects syndrome (RL syndrome))


Renal-Ophthalmic syndromes


Papillorenal syndrome



Renal mesangial sclerosis-eye defects syndrome


Urogenital Syndromes


Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKH) (Müllerian agenesis)


Urogenital-Neurologic syndromes


Hypospadias-mental retardation syndrome


Urogenital-Neurologic-Musculoskeletal-Craniofacial syndromes


Malpuech syndrome




Kufor–Rakeb syndrome
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