Table of Contents
, Preface, Acknowledgments, About the AuthorIntroductionA History of Respectable FearsEstimating the Number of Gangs, Gang Members, and Gang CrimesChapter 1. Early Research and Perspectives18th- and 19th-Century GangsThrasher: The First Gang ResearcherGangs as Delinquent SubculturesDifferential Opportunity TheoryLower-Class Culture and AdolescenceGangs as Near-GroupGroup Process and Gang DelinquencyRoles within Gangs: Keiser and the Vice LordsStreet Gangs and Street WorkersChapter 2. Definitions, Daily Life, Dynamics, and Risk FactorsSociological DefinitionsLegal DefinitionsWhat Gangs Are NotA Structured TypologyDaily LifePositive and Negative AspectsInterrelated Dynamics, Membership, Organization, Subgroups, IntensityThe Causes and Correlates StudiesProtective FactorsChapter 3. Race, Migration, and ImmigrationA Brief Note on Race Relations in American HistoryBlack Gangs, The Crips and BloodsLatino Gangs, The People Nation and the Folks Nation, A Typology of Mexican American GangsAsian and Asian Pacific Islander Gangs, Chinese Gangs, Southeast Asian Gangs, Filipino GangsNative American GangsWhite Gangs, Skinheads, Skinheads as Gangs, Nazi Low RidersChapter 4. FemalesEarly Studies and StereotypesIncreases in Female Arrests and IncarcerationFurther Developments in Female Gang ResearchDifferences and Similarities between Gang Females and MalesThe Number of Female Gangs and Gang MembersDifferent Types of Female GangsFemale Gang ViolenceSexual VictimizationIdentity, Femininity, Sexuality, and RespectPregnancy and MotherhoodProsocial Functions and Post-Gang LivesChapter 5. Drug Use and SalesSubstance Use PatternsAlcoholMarijuanaOther Illicit DrugsAttitudes about Hard Drug UseDrug AddictionDrug SellingMyths about Drug SellingDrug Sales and ViolenceChapter 6. Violence and VictimizationThe Definition of Gang-Related ViolenceThe Prevalence of Gang ViolenceWitness IntimidationFightingFirearmsHomicideVictimizationChapter 7. Style and MediaCultural CriminologyThe Importance of StyleInterpreting GraffitiGangsta RapHomology, Diffusion, and CriminalizationThe Mass MediaMoral Panics, Policy, and Other OutcomesThe InternetChapter 8. Theories on Gangs and Gang BehaviorsMultiple MarginalizationEnhancement, Selection, and Facilitation HypothesesGangs as ResistanceWomen's Liberation and Social Injury HypothesesMarijuana NormalizationTheoretical Miscellanea, Control Theory, Labeling, BiosocialPerspectives on Gang Violence, Threat, Locura, Subculture of Violence, Masculinity, Violence as Transcendence, Grounded CultureToward a Theory on Gang FightingChapter 9. Prison GangsThe Emergence of Prison GangsThe Number of Prison GangsPrison Gangs Based on Race, Aryan Brotherhood, The Mexican Mafia, Black Guerilla FamilyDifferences and Similarities between Street and Prison GangsThe Relationship between Prison Gangs and Street GangsRadicalization and Prison GangsPrison Gang MisconductPrison Guard Misconduct and GangsLeaving Prison GangsRecidivismResponding to Prison GangsChapter 10. Desistance and Leaving the GangDesistance from Crime and Delinquency, The Life-Course Perspective, Identity and Agency, Hooks for Change, Displacement and Drug Use, Desistance MiscellaneaLeaving the Gang, Violent Rituals, Positions within the Gang and Gang Organization, A Shift in Peer Network Affiliations, A Reduction in Risk Behaviors and Victimization, Family and Employment, Routine Activities and DispositionHave They Really Left? Resisting GangsChapter 11. Public Health AspectsGang Youth and Public HealthUnsafe Sexual Behaviors and STIsIncarceration as Health RiskSymptoms of Mental Health Illness and Psychiatric DiagnosesHomelessnessInjuriesHealth MiscellaneaNursing InterventionToward a Public Health Agenda for Gang YouthChapter 12. Gangs outside of the United StatesEngland, Early Research, South London, 1996-2002, Modern InvestigationsEurogang Research, Holland, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Northern Countries, Russia, Canada, IsraelLatin America, Mexico, The Caribbean, Central America, BrazilAustraliaChinaChapter 13. Suppression, Intervention, and PreventionSuppression, Gang Legislation, Civil Gang Injunctions, Police Gang Units, Gang Cop Misconduct, Boston Gun Project, DiversionIntervention, The Chicago Area Project, Interventionists, The Spergel Model, The Comprehensive Strategy, Problems with Citywide Approaches, Homeboy Industries, Cure Violence, TrucesPreventionGang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT), Other Gang Educational Curricula, Appendix, References, Credits, Subject Index, Author Index
