Table of Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction "It's a Bird! It's a Plane! It's an Elementary-Aged Girl!" Remembering a Time in American Comics When Young Female Protagonists Ruled 3
1 "Then I Could Have a Real Papa and Mama like Other Kids" Little Orphan Annie, the Orphan Girl Formula, and the Nanny State 15
2 "I Slant My Gags to the Lawrence Welk Gum Chewers" Nancy and the Vaudeville Aesthetic 41
3 From Battling Adult Authority to Battling the Opposite Sex Little Lulu as Gag Panel and Comic Book 63
4 In Your Dreams Little Audrey, Freudian Psychoanalysis, and Postwar Child Psychology 90
5 "From the Top, Stupid!" The Li'l Tomboy Comic Book Series, Female Juvenile Delinquency, and the Comics Code 114
Epilogue From Li'l to Big The Legacy of Classic American Comics Starring Girls 152
Notes 171
Works Cited 178
Index 191