Fragile Rise: Grand Strategy and the Fate of Imperial Germany, 1871-1914

by Xu Qiyu, Graham Allison (Foreword by), Joshua Hill (Translator)

Overview

Germany's rise to power before World War I from a Chinese persective, and the geopolitical lessons for today.

A series of solemn anniversary events have marked the centenary of World War I. Could history repeat itself in today's geopolitics? Now, as then, a land power with a growing economy and a maritime power with global commitments are the two leading states in the international system. Most ominously, the outbreak of war in 1914 is a stark reminder that nations cannot rely on economic interdependence and ongoing diplomacy to keep the peace.

In Fragile Rise, Xu Qiyu offers a Chinese perspective on the course of German grand strategy in the decades before World War I. Xu shows how Germany's diplomatic blunders turned its growing power into a liability instead of an asset. Bismarck's successors provoked tension and conflict with the other European great powers. Germany's attempts to build a powerful navy alienated Britain. Fearing an assertive Germany, France and Russia formed an alliance, leaving the declining Austro-Hungarian Empire as Germany's only major ally.

Xu's account demonstrates that better strategy and statesmanship could have made a difference—for Germany and Europe. His analysis offers important lessons for the leaders of China and other countries. Fragile Rise reminds us that the emergence of a new great power creates risks that can be managed only by adroit diplomats, including the leaders of the emerging power. In the twenty-first century, another great war may not be inevitable. Heeding the lessons of Fragile Rise could make it even less likely.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780262549738
Publisher:	MIT Press
Publication date:	10/31/2023
Series:	Belfer Center Studies in International Security
Pages:	368
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.25(h) x (d)

About the Author

Xu Qiyu is Deputy Director of the Institute for Strategic Studies at National Defense University in Beijing.

Graham Allison is Douglas Dillon Professor of Government and Director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School.

Table of Contents

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Graham Allison
Translator’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Joshua Hill
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Xu Qiyu
1. A Low-Posture Rise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. “Active Shaping” and the Foundation of a Grand Staretegy. . . . . .33
3. Working to Maintain the Grand Strategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
4. Entering the Post-Bismarckian Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5. Institutions, Society, Popular Opinion, and Grand Strategy. . . . .127
6. From Weltpolitik to Encirclement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7. An Obsession with Command of the Seas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
8. The Schlieffen Plan and the Retreat of Grand Strategy. . . . . . . .227
9. Crisis Management on the Path to World War, 1908–1914. . . . . . . 259
Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
About the Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333
Belfer Center Studies in International Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
About the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. . . . . . .346

What People are Saying About This

Wang Jisi

A masterpiece... a superb study of strategy as a science that is full of fascinating tactical details.

Endorsement

A masterpiece... a superb study of strategy as a science that is full of fascinating tactical details.

—Wang Jisi, former Dean of the School of International Studies, Peking University

From the Publisher

Xu's nuanced analysis finds that while Germany's rise created structural stresses that moved the actors toward war, those stresses could have been negotiated by good strategy and statesmanship (as Bismarck demonstrated).... Fragile Rise provides an important clue for Chinese leaders hoping to negotiate the structural stress created by their country's ascendance.

—from the foreword by Graham Allison, Douglas Dillon Professor of Government, Harvard Kennedy School

Full of critical insights for a how a newly rising power in today's world can appropriately manage Great Power relations, consolidate domestic society, and coordinate foreign policy.

—Mei Zhaorong, former Chinese ambassador to Germany and former President of the Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs

A masterpiece... a superb study of strategy as a science that is full of fascinating tactical details.

—Wang Jisi, former Dean of the School of International Studies, Peking University

Mei Zhaorong

Full of critical insights for a how a newly rising power in today's world can appropriately manage Great Power relations, consolidate domestic society, and coordinate foreign policy.