Founding the Fathers: Early Church History and Protestant Professors in Nineteenth-Century America

by Elizabeth A. Clark

Overview

Through their teaching of early Christian history and theology, Elizabeth A. Clark contends, Princeton Theological Seminary, Harvard Divinity School, Yale Divinity School, and Union Theological Seminary functioned as America's closest equivalents to graduate schools in the humanities during the nineteenth century. These four Protestant institutions, founded to train clergy, later became the cradles for the nonsectarian study of religion at secular colleges and universities. Clark, one of the world's most eminent scholars of early Christianity, explores this development in Founding the Fathers: Early Church History and Protestant Professors in Nineteenth-Century America.

Based on voluminous archival materials, the book charts how American theologians traveled to Europe to study in Germany and confronted intellectual currents that were invigorating but potentially threatening to their faith. The Union and Yale professors in particular struggled to tame German biblical and philosophical criticism to fit American evangelical convictions. German models that encouraged a positive view of early and medieval Christianity collided with Protestant assumptions that the church had declined grievously between the Apostolic and Reformation eras. Trying to reconcile these views, the Americans came to offer some counterbalance to traditional Protestant hostility both to contemporary Roman Catholicism and to those historical periods that had been perceived as Catholic, especially the patristic era.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780812243192
Publisher:	University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc.
Publication date:	05/10/2011
Series:	Divinations: Rereading Late Ancient Religion
Pages:	576
Product dimensions:	5.90(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.60(d)

About the Author

Elizabeth A. Clark (1938–2021) was John Carlisle Kilgo Professor of Religion and Professor of History at Duke University. She is the author of numerous books, including Reading Renunciation: Asceticism and Scripture in Early Christianity and History, Theory, Text: Historians and the Linguistic Turn.

Table of Contents

Introduction: Higher Education and Religion in Nineteenth-Century United States 1

Part I The Setting: Contextualizing the Study of Early Christianity in America

1 The Institutions and the Professors 21

2 Infrastructure: Teaching, Textbooks, Primary Sources, and Libraries 55

Part II History and Historiography

3 Defending the Faith: European Theories and American Professors 97

4 History and Church History 138

5 Development and Decline: Challenges to Historiographical Categories 168

Part III Topics of Early Christian History in Nineteenth-Century Analysis

6 Polity and Practice 205

7 Roman Catholicism 238

8 Asceticism, Marriage, Women, and the Family 271

9 The Uses of Augustine 314

Conclusion 343

Appendix: Student Notetakers 347

List of Abbreviations and Archival Sources 351

Notes 355

Bibliography 499

Index 541

Acknowledgments 559

Editorial Reviews

"Founding the Fathers is sweeping in its view of the history of American higher education, its comprehensive sense of the study of religion, and its firm grasp of the transnational scope of nineteenth-century theological learning. An original and substantial contribution to both American intellectual history and the history of early Christian studies."

Harvard University Leigh Eric Schmidt

"This is a genuinely pioneering work from one of the most engaged historians of early Christianity. Elizabeth A. Clark's lucid exposition reveals a mastery of scholarship on German, British, and American educational curricula and intellectual life.", University of British Columbia