Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today
Heretic and impostor or reformer and statesman? The contradictory Western visions of Muhammad

In European culture, Muhammad has been vilified as a heretic, an impostor, and a pagan idol. But these aren’t the only images of the Prophet of Islam that emerge from Western history. Commentators have also portrayed Muhammad as a visionary reformer and an inspirational leader, statesman, and lawgiver. In Faces of Muhammad, John Tolan provides a comprehensive history of these changing, complex, and contradictory visions. Starting from the earliest calls to the faithful to join the Crusades against the “Saracens,” he traces the evolution of Western conceptions of Muhammad through the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and up to the present day.

Faces of Muhammad reveals a lengthy tradition of positive portrayals of Muhammad that many will find surprising. To Reformation polemicists, the spread of Islam attested to the corruption of the established Church, and prompted them to depict Muhammad as a champion of reform. In revolutionary England, writers on both sides of the conflict drew parallels between Muhammad and Oliver Cromwell, asking whether the prophet was a rebel against legitimate authority or the bringer of a new and just order. Voltaire first saw Muhammad as an archetypal religious fanatic but later claimed him as an enemy of superstition. To Napoleon, he was simply a role model: a brilliant general, orator, and leader.

The book shows that Muhammad wears so many faces in the West because he has always acted as a mirror for its writers, their portrayals revealing more about their own concerns than the historical realities of the founder of Islam.

1129768636
Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today
Heretic and impostor or reformer and statesman? The contradictory Western visions of Muhammad

In European culture, Muhammad has been vilified as a heretic, an impostor, and a pagan idol. But these aren’t the only images of the Prophet of Islam that emerge from Western history. Commentators have also portrayed Muhammad as a visionary reformer and an inspirational leader, statesman, and lawgiver. In Faces of Muhammad, John Tolan provides a comprehensive history of these changing, complex, and contradictory visions. Starting from the earliest calls to the faithful to join the Crusades against the “Saracens,” he traces the evolution of Western conceptions of Muhammad through the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and up to the present day.

Faces of Muhammad reveals a lengthy tradition of positive portrayals of Muhammad that many will find surprising. To Reformation polemicists, the spread of Islam attested to the corruption of the established Church, and prompted them to depict Muhammad as a champion of reform. In revolutionary England, writers on both sides of the conflict drew parallels between Muhammad and Oliver Cromwell, asking whether the prophet was a rebel against legitimate authority or the bringer of a new and just order. Voltaire first saw Muhammad as an archetypal religious fanatic but later claimed him as an enemy of superstition. To Napoleon, he was simply a role model: a brilliant general, orator, and leader.

The book shows that Muhammad wears so many faces in the West because he has always acted as a mirror for its writers, their portrayals revealing more about their own concerns than the historical realities of the founder of Islam.

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Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today

Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today

by John Tolan
Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today

Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today

by John Tolan

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Overview

Heretic and impostor or reformer and statesman? The contradictory Western visions of Muhammad

In European culture, Muhammad has been vilified as a heretic, an impostor, and a pagan idol. But these aren’t the only images of the Prophet of Islam that emerge from Western history. Commentators have also portrayed Muhammad as a visionary reformer and an inspirational leader, statesman, and lawgiver. In Faces of Muhammad, John Tolan provides a comprehensive history of these changing, complex, and contradictory visions. Starting from the earliest calls to the faithful to join the Crusades against the “Saracens,” he traces the evolution of Western conceptions of Muhammad through the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and up to the present day.

Faces of Muhammad reveals a lengthy tradition of positive portrayals of Muhammad that many will find surprising. To Reformation polemicists, the spread of Islam attested to the corruption of the established Church, and prompted them to depict Muhammad as a champion of reform. In revolutionary England, writers on both sides of the conflict drew parallels between Muhammad and Oliver Cromwell, asking whether the prophet was a rebel against legitimate authority or the bringer of a new and just order. Voltaire first saw Muhammad as an archetypal religious fanatic but later claimed him as an enemy of superstition. To Napoleon, he was simply a role model: a brilliant general, orator, and leader.

The book shows that Muhammad wears so many faces in the West because he has always acted as a mirror for its writers, their portrayals revealing more about their own concerns than the historical realities of the founder of Islam.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780691167060
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 06/11/2019
Pages: 328
Product dimensions: 6.20(w) x 9.40(h) x 1.30(d)

About the Author

John Tolan is professor of history at the University of Nantes and a member of the Academia Europaea. His previous books include Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination and Saint Francis and the Sultan. Twitter @JohnVTolan

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations ix

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction 1

Chapter 1 Mahomet the Idol 19

Chapter 2 Trickster and Heresiarch 44

Chapter 3 Pseudoprophet of the Moors 73

Chapter 4 Prophet of the Turks 101

Chapter 5 Republican Revolutionary in Renaissance England 132

Chapter 6 The Enlightenment Prophet: Reformer and Legislator 155

Chapter 7 Lawgiver, Statesman, Hero: The Romantics' Prophet 184

Chapter 8 A Jewish Muhammad? The View from Jewish Communities of Nineteenth-Century Central Europe 210

Chapter 9 Prophet of an Abrahamic Faith 233

Conclusion 259

Notes 265

Index 301

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

"John Tolan sets aside the historical Muhammad and Muslim portraits of God's beloved Messenger to focus on Mahomet as European men have depicted him over the centuries. He shows how wildly varied versions of Islam's prophet emerge and how they make sense within their own social, intellectual, and theological contexts. Nuanced and fascinating, Faces of Muhammad is a terrific read."—Kecia Ali, author of The Lives of Muhammad

“John Tolan is the preeminent authority on European views of Islam. No living scholar is more qualified to attempt such an ambitious project. This book represents a milestone in the field.”—Hussein Fancy, University of Michigan

“A book of great interest, Faces of Muhammad makes utterly clear that there is no single, monolithic view of Muhammad in European culture but rather a wide spectrum of views.”—Thomas E. Burman, University of Notre Dame

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