Encyclopedia of the Novel

Encyclopedia of the Novel

by Paul Schellinger (Editor)
Encyclopedia of the Novel

Encyclopedia of the Novel

by Paul Schellinger (Editor)

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Overview

The Encyclopedia of the Novel is the first reference book that focuses on the development of the novel throughout the world.
Entries on individual writers assess the place of that writer within the development of the novel form, explaining why and in exactly what ways that writer is importnant. Similarly, an entry on an individual novel discusses the importance of that novel not only form, analyzing the particular innovations that novel has introduced and the ways in which it has influenced the subsequent course of the genre.
A wide range of topic entries explore the history, criticism, theory, production, dissemination and reception of the novel. A very important component of the Encyclopedia of the Novel is its long surveys of development of the novel in various regions of the world.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781135918330
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Publication date: 04/08/2014
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 838
File size: 3 MB

About the Author

PaulS chellinger, Christopher Hudson, Marijke Rijsberman

Table of Contents

List of Entries; M; Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis 1839–1908; Brazilian; Biography; Novels by Machado de Assis; Further Reading; Hugh MacLennan 1907–90; Canadian; Biography; Novels by MacLennan; Further Reading; Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert; 1857; Further Reading; Magazines. See Periodicals and the Serialization of Novels; Reviewers and the Popular Press; Maghrib? Novel. See African Novel: Northern Africa; The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann; Der Zauberberg 1924; Further Reading; Magic Realism; Further Reading; Nag?b Ma?f?? 1911–; Egyptian; Biography; Novels by Ma?f??; Further Reading; Norman Mailer 1923-; United States; Biography; Novels and Nonfiction Novels by Mailer; Further Reading; Bernard Malamud 1914–86; United States; Biography; Novels by Malamud; Further Reading; Malavoglia. See House by the Medlar Tree; Malaysian Novel. See Southeast Asian Novel: Malaysia; Malone Dies. See Molloy trilogy; David Malouf 1934–; Australian; BiographyBorn 20 March 1934 in Brisbane, Queensland. Attended Brisbane Grammar School, 1947–50; University of Queensland, Brisbane, 1951–54, B.A. (honors) in English 1954. Lecturer, University of Queensland, 1955–57; teacher, St. Anselm's College, England, 1962–68; lecturer, University of Sydney, 1968–77; Novels by Malouf; Further Reading; The Man Who Loved Children by Christina Stead; 1940; Further Reading; The Man Without Qualities by Robert Musil; Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften 1930–43; Further Reading; The Man-Eater of Malgudi by R.K. Narayan; 1961; Further Reading; Thomas Mann 1875–1955; German; Biography; Novels by Mann; Further Reading; Mann ohne Eigenschaften. See Man Without Qualities; Manners. See Novel of Manners; Manon Lescaut by Abbé Prévost; 1731; Further Reading; Man's Fate by André Malraux; La Condition humaine 1933; Further Reading; Manticore. See Deptford Trilogy; Manuscrit caché. See Framing and Embedding in Narrative; Alessandro Manzoni 1785–1873; Italian; Biography; Novel by Manzoni; Further Reading; Mao Dun 1896–1981; Chinese; Biography; Selected Fiction by Mao Dun; Further Reading; Mar Mani. See Mr. Mani; Márquez, Gabriel García. See García Márquez, Gabriel; Marxist Criticism of the Novel; Further Reading; The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov Master i Margarita 1966–67; Further Reading; Medieval Narrative; Further Reading; Melmoth the Wanderer by Charles Robert Maturin 1820; Further Reading; Melodrama; Further Reading; Herman Melville 1819–91; United States; Biography; Novels by Melville; Further Reading; Men in the Sun by Ghass?n Kanaf?n?; Rij?l f? al-shams 1963; Further Reading; Men of Maize by Miguel Ángel Asturias; Hombres de maíz 1949; Further Reading; George Meredith 1828–1909; English; Biography; Novels by Meredith; Further Reading; Mertvye dushi. See Dead Souls; Metafiction; Further Reading; Mexican Novel. See Latin American Novel: Mexico; Middlemarch by George Eliot; 1872; Further Reading; Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie; 1981; Further Reading; Migrations by Miloš Crnjanski; Seobe, 1929, and Druga kniga Seoba, 1962; Further Reading; The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot; 1860; Further Reading; Mimesis; Representation and Referentiality in the Novel; Further Reading; Les Misérables by Victor-Marie Hugo; 1862; Further Reading; Mishima Yukio 1925–70; Japanese; Biography; Fiction by Mishima; Further Reading; Mission to Kala by Mongo Beti; Mission terminée 1957; Further Reading; Mo Yan 1956-; Chinese; Biography; Novels by Mo Yan; Further Reading; Moby-Dick by Herman Melville; 1851; Further Reading; Modernism; The Modern Novel; The Period of Modernism; Modernism and Modernity; Rebellion and Fragmentation; The Move Inward; Extremity and the Irrational; Sexuality and Alienation; Form and Style; Modernism and National Literatures; Modernism and Postmodernism; Further Reading; Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe; 1722; Further Reading; Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable by Samuel Beckett; Molloy, Malone meurt, L'Innommable 1951–53; Further Reading; The Moonstone by Wilkie Collins; 1868; Further Reading; George Moore 1852–1933; Irish; Biography; Novels by Moore; Further Reading; Alberto Moravia 1907–90; Italian; Biography; Novels by Moravia; Further Reading; Toni Morrison 1931–; United States; Biography; Novels by Morrison; Further Reading; Mr. Mani by A.B. Yehoshua; Mar Mani 1990; Further Reading; Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf; 1925; Further Reading; Mudun al-mil?. See Cities of Salt; Muerte de Artemio Cruz. See Death of Artemio Cruz; cAbd al-Ra?m?n Mun?f 1933–; Saudi Arabian; Biography; Fiction by Mun?f; Further Reading; Alice Munro 1931–; Canadian; Biography; Fiction by Munro; Further Reading; Iris Murdoch 1919–; English; Biography; Novels by Murdoch; Further Reading; Murphy by Samuel Beckett; 1938; Further Reading; Robert Musil 1880–1942; Austrian; Biography; Novels by Musil; Further Reading; My. see We; The Mysteries of Paris by Eugène Sue; Les Mystères de Paris 1843; Further Reading; The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliffe; 1794; Further Reading; Mystery Novel. See Crime, Detective, and Mystery Novel; Myth and the Novel; Further Reading; N; Na Drini ?prija. See Bridge on the Drina; Vladimir Nabokov 1899–1977; United States; Biography; Novels by Nabokov; Further Reading; V.S. Naipaul 1932-; Trinidadian; Biography; Novels by Naipaul; Further Reading; Naked Lunch by William Burroughs; 1959; Further Reading; R.K. Narayan 1906-; Indian; Biography; Novels by Narayan; Further Reading; Narratee. See Narratology; Narrator; Narrative Poetry. See Verse Narrative; Narrative Theory; Syntactic Narrative Theories; Semantic Narrative Theories; Phenomenological Narrative Theories; Rhetorical Theories of Narrative; Theories of Narrative Instability; Further Reading; Narratology; The Structure of the Typologies; Definitions of Narrative; The Narrator; Vocalization; Narrative Situation; Character and Setting; Temporal Structure and Chronology; Mimesis/Diegesis; Further Reading; The Narrator; Further Reading; National Tale; Further Reading; Native Son by Richard Wright; 1940; Further Reading; Natsume S?seki 1867–1916; Japanese; Biography; Novels by Natsume S?seki; Further Reading; Naturalism; Further Reading; Nausea by Jean-Paul Sartre; La Nausée 1938; Further Reading; Nedjma by Kateb Yacine; 1956; Further Reading; Netherlandish Novel; Further Reading; New Humor Novel; Further Reading; New Journalism and the Nonfiction Novel; Further Reading; New Novel. See Nouveau Roman; New Zealand Novel; Further Reading; Ngugi wa Thiong'o 1938-; Kenyan; Biography; Novels by Ngugi; Further Reading; Nineteen-Nineteen. See U.S.A. Trilogy; Nonfiction Novel. See New Journalism and the Nonfiction Novel; Norwegian Novel. See Scandinavian Novel; Nostromo by Joseph Conrad 1904; 1904; Further Reading; The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge by Rainer Maria Rilke; Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge 1910; Further Reading; Nouveau Roman; Further Reading; Nouvelle historique. See Historical Novel; Novel and Romance: Etymologies; Romance/Roman; Novel/Novella; Further Reading; Novel Cycles. See Romans Fleuves; Novel of Ideas; Further Reading; Novel of Manners; Further Reading; Novella; Further Reading; Nuit sacrée. See Sand Child and Sacred Night; Flora Nwapa 1931–93; Nigerian; Biography; Novels by Nwapa; Further Reading; O; Oblomov by Ivan Goncharov; 1859; Further Reading; Flann O'Brien 1911–66; Irish; Biography; Novels by O'Brien; Further Reading; The Obscene Bird of Night by José Donoso; El obsceno pájaro de la noche 1970; Further Reading; ?e Kenzabur? 1935-; Japanese; Biography; Novels and Novellas by ?e; Further Reading; On the Road by Jack Kerouac; 1957; Further Reading; One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn; Odin den' Ivana Denisovicha 1962; Further Reading; One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez; Cien años de soledad 1967; Further Reading; The Ordeal of Richard Feverel by George Meredith; 1859; Oroonoko by Aphra Behn; 1688; Ottsy i deti. See Fathers and Sons; Outlaws of the Marsh. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Outsider. See Stranger; Owls Do Cry by Janet Frame; 1957; Further Reading; Amos Oz 1939-; Israeli; Biography; Novels and Novellas by Oz; Further Reading; P; Pai Hsien-yung 1937-; Taiwanese; Biography; Selected Fiction by Pai Hsien-yung; Further Reading; The Palm-Wine Drinkard by Amos Tutuola; 1952; Further Reading; Paperback; Further Reading; Parody and Pastiche; Further Reading; Partigiano Johnny. See Johnny the Partisan; Pasos perdidos. See Lost Steps; A Passage to India by E.M. Forster; 1924; Further Reading; Pastiche. See Parody and Pastiche; Pastoralism in the Novel; Further Reading; Pedro Páramo by Juan Rulfo; 1955; Further Reading; Penny Dreadful. See Dime Novels and Penny Dreadfuls; People of the City by Cyprian Ekwensi; 1954; Further Reading; Le Père Goriot by Honoré de Balzac; 1835; Further Reading; Georges Perec 1936–82; French; BiographyBorn 7 March 1936 in Paris, into a family of Polish Jews who had emigrated to France in the 1920s; father died in World War II, mother and other members of family arrested, deported, and murdered in the Nazi concentration camps. Attended a Catholic boarding school in the South of France during the war and returned to Paris with his adoptive aunt in 1945; studied sociology at the Sorbonne, 1954–56. Began writing reviews and essays for the Nouvelle Revue Française and Les Lettres Nouvelles, 1955; military service, 1958–59; lived in Tunis and Sfax, 1960–62, then worked as an archivist at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris, 1962–79. Died (of cancer) 3 March 1982; Novels by Perec; Further Reading; Benito Pérez Galdós 1843–1920; Spanish; BiographyBorn 10 May 1843 in Las Palmas, Grand Canary Island. Attended an English School, Las Palmas; Colegio de San Agustín, 1856–62; law student at the University of Madrid, 1862–65. Staff member, La Nación, from 1865, and associated with La Revista de España, from j 870; forsook journalism for writing and travel, 1873; Liberal deputy for Puerto Rico, 1886–90; Republican deputy for Madrid, from 1907. Blind after about 1912. Died 4 January 1920; Fiction by Pérez Galdós; Further Reading; Periodicals and the Serialization of Novels; Further Reading; Persian Novel. See Iranian Novel; Person in Narrative; Further Reading; Persuasion by Jane Austen; 1818; Further Reading; Peruvian Novel. See Latin American Novel: Peru; Petersburg by Andrei Belyi; Peterburg 1916/1922; Further Reading; Philippines. See Southeast Asian Novel: Philippines; Philosophical Novel. See Conte Philosophique; Novel of Ideas; Picaresque; Further Reading; The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens; 1837; Further Reading; The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan; Part I, 1678; Part II, 1684; Further Reading; Pinocchio. See Adventures of Pinocchio; Andrei Platonov 1899–1951; Russian; BiographyBorn 1 September 1899 in Iamskaia sloboda, a suburb of the Russian town of Voronezh. His father was a railway mechanic and inventor and his mother the daughter of a watchmaker. Received early education at a parochial school and later enrolled in a polytechnical school associated with the railway. An early sympathizer with the Bolshevik Revolution, Platonov became a visible figure in the local Proletarian Culture movement from 1918–21; worked as a land reclamation engineer in the Voronezh and Tambov regions, 1922–25; moved to Moscow to establish himself as a writer, 1926; after some initial success his works increasingly came under suspicion, and between 1931 and 1934 he was not allowed to publish; worked for the journals Literaturnyi kritik and Literaturnoe obozrenie, 1937–40; served in the Soviet Army as a war correspondent for the newspaper Krasnaia zvezda and managed to publish several stor..; Novels by Platonov; Further Reading; Plot; Chapter One; Chapter Two; Chapter Three; Further Reading; Plum in the Golden Vase.See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Point of View; Further Reading; Polish Novel; Further Reading; Politics and the Novel; Further Reading; Polyphonic Narrative. See Dialogism; Pornographic Novel; Further Reading; Portnoy's Complaint by Philip Roth; 1969; Further Reading; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce; 1916; Further Reading; The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James; 1881; Further Reading; Possessed. See Devils; Postcolonial Narrative and Criticism of the Novel; The Imperial Outpost Narrative; Decolonization Narratives; Further Reading; Postmodernism and the Novel; Further Reading; Pramoedya Ananta Toer 1925-; Indonesian; BiographyBorn in Blora, Java, in 1925. Imprisoned under the Dutch, 1947–49; mx958 became member of Lekra, the Institute of People's Culture, an organization championing the nationalist ideals of the 1945 revolution; editor, Lentera (Lantern), 1962–65, the weekly section on cultural issues in the left-wing Bintang Timur (Eastern Star); also lecturer of Indonesian language and literature, University of Res Publica, and teacher, “Dr. Abdul Rivai” Academy of Journalism; founder, “Multatuli” Literature Academy, Jakarta; arrested in October 1965 during the events that led to the establishment of “New Order” Indonesia under Suharto, at which time his works were banned and his unpublished works, personal archives, and research materials were taken from him and either destroyed or lost; imprisoned, 1965–79, and exiled to Buru island prison camp, 1969–..; Novels by Pramoedya; Further Reading; Preface. See Framing and Embedding in Narrative; Prestuplenie i nakazanie. See Crime and Punishment; Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen; 1813; Further Reading; La Princesse de Clèves by Madame de Lafayette; 1678; Further Reading; The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner by James Hogg; 1824; Further Reading; Proletarian Novel; Socialist Realism in the United States and Great Britain; Further Reading; Prologue. See Framing and Embedding in Narrative; Promessi Sposi. See Betrothed; Prose Novelistic Forms; Further Reading; Protagonist. See Character; Marcel Proust 1871–1922; French; BiographyBorn 10 July 1871 in Auteuil, Paris, France. Attended Lycée Fontanes (renamed Lycée Condorcet, 1883), Paris, 1882–89; the Sorbonne, Paris, 1891–93, bachelor of law 1893. Military service at Orleans, 1889–90; cofounded the review Le Banquet with Fernand Gregh, 1892; occasional contributor to newspapers and journals, but gradually withdrew from society. Died 18 November 1922; Novels by Proust; Further Reading; Prozess. See Trial; Boleslaw Prus 1847–1912; Polish; BiographyBorn Aleksander Glowacki, near Hrubieszów, Poland, 20 August 1847. Educated in Lublin, 1856, and in Siedlce and Kielce, from 1861; after uprising completed school in Lublin, 1866; studied mathematics and physics at Szkola Glowna in Warsaw, two years. Participated in uprising, 1863; injured in battle between Siedlce and Lublin; imprisoned in Lublin but later released because of his young age. Wrote weekly chronicles in Kurier Warszawski, from 1874; editor of daily newspaper, Nowiny, 1882–83, and Kurier Warszawski and Kurier Codzienny, from 1886; literary journalist, 1884–87; traveled to Germany, Switzerland, and France in 1895. Died 19 May 1912; Novels by Prus; Further Reading; Psychoanalytic Models of Narrative and Criticism of the Novel; Further Reading; Psychological Novel and Roman d'analyse; Further Reading; Puerto Rican Novel. See Latin American Novel: Hispanic Caribbean; Latino-American Novel; Manuel Puig 1932–90; Argentine; BiographyBorn in General Villegas, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 28 December 1932. Moved to Buenos Aires, 1946. Attended US boarding school in the capital from 1946; studied architecture in 1950, then philosophy, from 1951, at the University of Buenos Aires; received scholarship to study film directing, with Vittorio De Sica, and screenwriting with Cesare Zavattini at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, Rome, 1956. Traveled throughout Europe, 1956–63, and worked at a variety of jobs, including: translator and teacher of English and Spanish, London and Rome, 1956–57, dishwasher and language tutor, London and Stockholm, 1958–59, assistant film director and translator of subtitles, Rome, Paris, and Buenos Aires, 1957–61; clerk for Air France, New York, 1963–67; returned to Buenos Aires, 1967; visiting lecturer, Columbia University, New York; lived in Brazil, 1973–75, New York, 1976–80, and based in New York and Ri..; Novels by Puig; Further Reading; Pulp Fiction. See American Western Novel; Crime, Detective, and Mystery Novel; Dime Novels and Penny Dreadfuls; Science Fiction Novel; Aleksandr Pushkin 1799–1837; Russian; BiographyBorn 26 May 1799 in Moscow. Educated at home, and at Imperial lycée in Tsarskoe Selo, near St. Petersburg, 1811–17. Civil servant, St. Petersburg, 1817–20; exiled in southern Russia and Pskov province for his unpublished political poetry, 1820–26, after which he returned to St. Petersburg; fought with the Russian army against the Turks in Transcaucasia, 1829; editor, Sovremennik [The Contemporary], 1836–37. Died (in a duel) 29 January 1837; Novels by Pushkin; Further Reading; Thomas Pynchon 1937-; United States; BiographyBorn 8 May 1937 in Glen Cove, Long Island, New York. Attended Oyster Bay High School, Glen Cove; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, B.A. 1959. Served in the US Naval Reserve, 1955–57. Technical writer, Boeing Aircraft, Seattle, 1960–63; Novels by Pynchon; Further Reading; Q; Quer pasticciaccio brutto de via Merulana. See That Awful Mess on Via Merulana; Quiet Flows the Don by Mikhail Sholokhov; Tikhii Don 1928–40; Further Reading; R; François Rabelais 1484?-1553; French; Biography; Fiction by Rabelais; Further Reading; The Radetzky March by Joseph Roth; Radetzkymarsch 1932; Further Reading; The Radiance of the King by Camara Laye; Le Regard du roi 1954; Further Reading; Rayuela. See Hopscotch; Realism; Further Reading; The Red and the Black by Stendhal; Le Rouge et le noir 1830; Further Reading; Regard du roi. See Radiance of the King; La Regenta by Clarín [Leopoldo Alas]; 1884; Further Reading; Regional Novel; Generic Traits and the Development of the Regional Novel in Britain; Further Reading; Regional Novel; Regionalism in the US Novel; Further Reading; Remembrance of Things Past. See In Search of Lost Time; Renaissance Narrative; Further Reading; René by François-René de Chateaubriand; 1802; Further Reading; Representation. See Mimesis; Reviewers, the Popular Press, and Their Impact on the Novel; Further Reading; Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont 1867–1925; Polish; Biography; Novels by Reymont; Further Reading; The Rice Sprout Song by Eileen Chang; Yang ko 1955; Further Reading; Samuel Richardson 1689–1761; English; Biography; Novels by Richardson; Further Reading; Mordecai Richler 1931-; Canadian; Biography; Novels by Richler; Further Reading; Rickshaw Boy. See Camel Xiangzi; Ri?lat Gh?nd? al-?agh?r. See Journey of Little Gandhi; Rij?l f? al-shams. See Men in the Sun; Alain Robbe-Grillet 1922-; French; Biography; Novels by Robbe-Grillet; Further Reading; Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe; 1719; Further Reading; Roman à clef; Further Reading; Roman à thèse. See Ideology and the Novel; Roman d'analyse. See Psychological Novel; Roman-Feuilleton; Further Reading; Roman-Fleuve; Series and Novel Cycles; Further Reading; Roman Narrative. See Greek and Roman Narrative; Romance; Further Reading; Romance of the Three Kingdoms. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Romanian Novel; Further Reading; Romantic Novel; Further Reading; Joseph Roth 1894–1939; Austrian; Biography; Novels by Roth; Further Reading; Rouge et le noir. See Red and the Black; Les Rougon-Macquart by Émile Zola; 1871–93; Further Reading; Gabrielle Roy 1909–83; Canadian; Biography; Novels by Roy; Other Writings: short stories, journalism, and autobiography; Further Reading; Salman Rushdie 1947-; English; Biography; Novels by Rushdie; Further Reading; Russian Formalists. See Formalism; Russian Novel; 1750–1830; Further Reading; Russian Novel; 1830–1855; Further Reading; Russian Novel; 1855–1900; Further Reading; Russian Novel; 1900–1945; Further Reading; Russian Novel; 1945-; Further Reading; S; Sacred Night. See Sand Child and Sacred Night; Naw?l al-Sacd?w? 1931–; Egyptian; Biography; Novels by al-Sacd?w?; Further Reading; Saga; Further Reading; The Sand Child and The Sacred Night by Tahar Ben Jelloun; L'Enfant du sable, 1983, and La Nuit sacrée, 1987; Further Reading; George Sand 1804–76; French; Biography; Fiction by Sand; Further Reading; Sanguo zhi yanyi. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Satirical Novel; Further Reading; Scandinavian Novel; Denmark; Finland and Finnish-Language Literature; Finnish Literature in Swedish; The Faroe Islands; Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Further Reading; Scarlet and Black. See Red and the Black; The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne; 1850; Further Reading; Scholars. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Science and the Novel; Ambivalence and Adjustment; Naturalism; Science Fiction; The 20th Century; The Information Age; Further Reading; Science-Fiction Novel; Tributaries of the Science-Fiction Mainstream; Verne and Wells; American Culture and Science Fiction; Science Fiction in Modern Culture; Further Reading; Sir Walter Scott 1771–1832; Scottish; Biography; Novels by Scott; Further Reading; Scottish Novel; Further Reading; Ousmane Sembène 1923–; Senegalese; Biography; Novels by Sembène; Further Reading; Semiotics. See Critics and Criticism: 20th Century; Narrative Theory; Narratology; Structuralism, Semiotics, and the Novel; Sensation Novel. See Gothic Novel; Horror Novel; Melodrama; Romance; Sensibility. See Sentimental Novel; A Sentimental Education by Gustave Flaubert; L'Éducation sentimentale 1869; Further Reading; Sentimental Novel; Further Reading; Serialization. See Periodicals and the Serialization of Novels; Roman-Feuilleton; Roman-Fleuve; Setting. See Description; Space; Sex, Gender, and the Novel; Further Reading; Maurice Shadbolt 1932–; New Zealander; Biography; Novels by Shadbolt; Further Reading; ?an?n al-Shaykh 1945–; Lebanese; Biography; Novels by al-Shaykh; Further Reading; Shen Congwen 1902–88; Chinese; Biography; Novels by Shen Congwen; Further Reading; Shitou ji. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Short Story. See Novella; Shuihu zhuan. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Henryk Sienkiewicz 1846–1916; Polish; Biography; Novels by Sienkiewicz; Further Reading; Silence by End? Sh?saku; Chinmoku 1966; Further Reading; Claude Simon 1913–; French; Biography; Novels by Simon; Further Reading; Simplicicius Simplicissimus by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen; Der abenteurliche Simplicissimus Teutsch und Continuatio 1668; Further Reading; Isaac Bashevis Singer 1904–91; United States; Biography; Novels by Singer; Further Reading; Six Classic Chinese Novels; Six Classic Chinese Novels; Further Reading; Small House at Allington. See Barsetshire Novels; Snow Country by Kawabata Yasunari; Yukiguni 1937/48; Further Reading; Social Criticism; The Novel of Social Criticism in the Victorian Era; Further Reading; Socialist Realism; The Socialist-Realist Novel in the Soviet Union; Further Reading; Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1918–; Russian; Biography; Novels by Solzhenitsyn; Further Reading; Sons and Lovers by D.H. Lawrence; 1913; Further Reading; Sorrows of Young Werther. See Sufferings of Young Werther; The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner; 1929; Further Reading; South African Novel. See African Novel: South Africa; Southeast Asian Novel; Indonesia; Further Reading; Southeast Asian Novel; Malaysia; Further Reading; Southeast Asian Novel; Philippines; Further Reading; Southern Balkan Novel; Albania; Bulgaria; Macedonia; Greece; Further Reading; Space; Spatial Metaphors and Narrative, the Novel's Representation of Space, and the Space of the Book; Spatial Metaphors and Narrative; The Novel's Representation of Space; The Space of the Book; Further Reading; Spanish Novel; Further Reading; Christina Stead 1902–83; Australian; Biography; Novels and Novellas by Stead; Further Reading; Gertrude Stein 1874–1946; United States; Biography; Novels by Stein; Further Reading; Stendhal [Marie-Henri Beyle] 1783–1842; French; Biography; Novels by Stendhal; Further Reading; Steppenwolf by Hermann Hesse; Der Steppenwolf 1927; Further Reading; Laurence Sterne 1713–68; English; Biography; Novels by Sterne; Further Reading; Robert Louis Stevenson 1850–94; Scottish; Biography; Novels by Stevenson; Further Reading; Adalbert Stifter 1805–68; Austrian; Biography; Selected Fiction by Stifter; Further Reading; The Stone Angel by Margaret Laurence; 1964; Further Reading; Story. See Discourse Representation; Narrator; Plot; Point of View; The Story of an African Farm by Olive Schreiner; 1883; Further Reading; Story of the Stone. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; The Story of Zahra by ?an?n al-Shaykh; ?ik?yat Zahrah 1980; Further Reading; The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson; 1886; Further Reading; The Stranger by Albert Camus; L'Étranger 1942; Further Reading; Stream of Consciousness and Interior Monologue; Further Reading; Structuralism. Semiotics, and the Novel; Further Reading; Subscription Libraries. See Libraries; Such Is Life by Joseph Furphy; 1903; Further Reading; The Sufferings of Young Werther by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; Die Leiden des jungen Werthers 1774; revised edition 1787; Further Reading; Suit. See Hunger; The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway; 1926; Further Reading; Surrealist Novel; Further Reading; The Swallower Swallowed by Réjean Ducharme; L'Avalée des avalés 1966; Further Reading; Swedish Novel. See Scandinavian Novel; Swiss Novel; German Language; Further Reading; Swiss Novel; Francophone; Further Reading; T; Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu; Genji monogatari (early 11th century); Further Reading; Tanizaki Jun'ichir? 1886–1965; Japanese; Biography; Novels by Tanizaki; Further Reading; Temporality. See Tense in Narrative; Time in the Novel; Tense in Narrative; Further Reading; Terra Nostra by Carlos Fuentes; 1975; Further Reading; Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy; 1891; Further Reading; William Makepeace Thackeray 1811–63; English; Biography; Novels by Thackeray; Further Reading; That Awful Mess on Via Merulana by Carlo Emilio Gadda; Quer pasticciaccio brutto de via Merulana 1957; Further Reading; Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston; 1937; Further Reading; Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe; 1958; Further Reading; The Thousand and One Nights; Further Reading; Three Kingdoms. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Three Lives by Gertrude Stein; 1909; Further Reading; Through the Looking Glass. See Alice's Adventures in Wonderland; Tikhii Don. See Quiet Flows the Don; Time in the Novel; Further Reading; Tin Drum. See Danzig Trilogy; The Tin Flute by Gabrielle Roy; Bonheur d'occasion 1945; Further Reading; To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf; 1927; Further Reading; Tod des Vergil. See Death of Virgil; Lev Tolstoi 1828–1910; Russian; Biography; Novels by Tolstoi; Further Reading; Tom Jones by Henry Fielding; 1749; Further Reading; Michel Tournier 1924-; French; Biography; Novels by Tournier; Further Reading; Translation of Novels; The Role of Translations in the Development and Spread of the Novel; Theoretical Issues and Problems; Further Reading; Travel Narrative. See Prose Novelistic Forms; Travels of Lao Can by Liu E; Lao Can youji 1904–07; Further Reading; The Trial by Franz Kafka; Der Prozess 1925; Further Reading; Tristram Shandy by Laurence Sterne; 1759–67; Further Reading; Anthony Trollope 1815–82; English; Biography; Novels by Trollope; Further Reading; Ivan Turgenev 1818–83; Russian; Biography; Novels by Turgenev; Further Reading; Turkish Novel; Further Reading; Amos Tutuola 1920–; Nigerian; Biography; Novels by Tutuola; Further Reading; Mark Twain 1835–1910; United States; Biography; Novels by Twain; Further Reading; U; Ulysses by James Joyce; 1922; Further Reading; Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo 1864–1936; Spanish; Biography; Novels by Unamuno; Further Reading; Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe; 1852; Further Reading; Under the Volcano by Malcolm Lowry; 1947; Further Reading; Sigrid Undset 1882–1949; Norwegian; Biography; Novels by Undset; Further Reading; United States Novel; 18th Century; Further Reading; United States Novel; 1800–1850; Further Reading; United States Novel; 1850–1900; Further Reading; United States Novel; 1900–1945; Further Reading; United States Novel; 1945–; Further Reading; Unnamable. See Molloy trilogy; Unreliable Narrator; Further Reading; Untouchable by mulk Raj Anand; 1935; Further Reading; Urban Origins of the Novel. See City and the Novel; U.S.A. Trilogy by John Dos Passos; 1930–36; Further Reading; Utopian and Dystopian Novel; Further Reading; V; Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray; 1848; Further Reading; Mario Vargas Llosa 1936-; Peruvian; Biography; Novels by Vargas Llosa; Futher Reading; Giovanni Verga 1840–1922; Italian; Biography; Selected Fiction by Verga; Further Reading; Verisimilitude. See Critics and Criticism; Genre Criticism; Historical Novel; Historical Writing and the Novel; Mimesis; Realism; Verse Narrative and the Novel; Further Reading; The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith; 1766; Further Reading; Victorian Novel of Social Criticism. See Social Criticism; Vie mode d'emploi. See Life, a User's Manual; Voina i mir. See War and Peace; Voltaire [François-Marie Arouet] 1694–1778; French; Biography; Collections of Works by Voltaire; Further Reading; VOSS by Patrick White; 1957; Further Reading; W; Wahlverwandtschaften. See Elective Affinities; Wang Anyi 1954-; Chinese; Biography; Novels and Novellas by Wang Anyi; Further Reading; War and Peace by Lev Tolstoi; Voina i mir 1863–69; Further Reading; War Novel; Representations of War in the Novel; Further Reading; The War of the End of the World by Mario Vargas Llosa; La guerra del fin del mundo 1981; Further Reading; Warden. See Barsetshire Novels; Water Margin. See Six Classic Chinese Novels; Waverley by Sir Walter Scott; 1814; Further Reading; We by Evgenii Zamiatin; My 1924; Further Reading; Wei cheng. See Fortress Besieged; H.G. Wells 1866–1946; English; Biography; Selected Fiction by Wells; Further Reading; Werther. See Sufferings of Young Werther; Nathanael West 1903–40; United States; BiographyBorn Nathan Weinstein in New York City, 17 October 1903; Attended DeWitt Clinton High School, New York; Tufts College, Medford, Massachusetts, 19 21; Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 1922–24, Ph.B. 1924. Worked for his father in real estate business, 1924–25; changed name, 1926; lived in Paris, 1926–27; night manager, Kenmore Hall Hotel and Suffolk Club Hotel, New York, 1927–31; associate editor, to William Carlos Williams, Contact: An American Quarterly, 1931–32; screenwriter for Columbia, 1933, 1938, Republic, 1936–38, Universal, 1938, and RKO, 1938–40, all Hollywood. Died 22 December 1940; Novels by West; Further Reading;
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