Utilizing a historical and international approach, this valuable two-volume resource makes even the more complex linguistic issues understandable for the non-specialized reader. Containing over 500 alphabetically arranged entries and an expansive glossary by a team of international scholars, the Encyclopedia of Linguisticsexplores the varied perspectives, figures, and methodologies that make up the field.
Utilizing a historical and international approach, this valuable two-volume resource makes even the more complex linguistic issues understandable for the non-specialized reader. Containing over 500 alphabetically arranged entries and an expansive glossary by a team of international scholars, the Encyclopedia of Linguisticsexplores the varied perspectives, figures, and methodologies that make up the field.
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Overview
Utilizing a historical and international approach, this valuable two-volume resource makes even the more complex linguistic issues understandable for the non-specialized reader. Containing over 500 alphabetically arranged entries and an expansive glossary by a team of international scholars, the Encyclopedia of Linguisticsexplores the varied perspectives, figures, and methodologies that make up the field.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781135455224 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
| Publication date: | 02/01/2013 |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 1304 |
| File size: | 22 MB |
| Note: | This product may take a few minutes to download. |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Part 1 A; Chapter 1 Acoustic Phonetics, Allard Jongman; Chapter 2 Acquisition, Lilia Savova; Chapter 3 Acquisition Theories, Susan H. Foster-Cohen; Chapter 4 Aerodynamics of the Vocal Tract, John J. Ohala; Chapter 5 Affixation, Pius Ten Hacken; Chapter 6 African American Vernacular English, Salikoko Mufwene; Chapter 7 Afroasiatic, Peter T. Daniels; Chapter 8 Age and Language, Susan Kemper; Chapter 9 Agreement, Mark Campana; Chapter 10 Ainu, Shawn M. Clankie; Chapter 11 Akan and Nyo Languages, Samuel Obeng; Chapter 12 Albanian, Leonard Newmark; Chapter 13 Algeria, Karima Benremouga; Chapter 14 Altaic, Lindsay Whaley; Chapter 15 Ambiguity, Monika Rathert; Chapter 16 American Sign Language, Phyllis Perrin Wilcox; Chapter 17 Amharic and Ethiopian Semitic Languages, Grover Hudson; Chapter 18 Analogical Change, Stefan Engelberg; Chapter 19 Anaphora, Andrew Barss; Chapter 20 Anatomy of the Articulatory System, Henry Rogers; Chapter 21 Anatomy of the Auditory System, Astrid Van Wieringen; Chapter 22 Ancient Egyptian, Angiolo Menchetti; Chapter 23 Ancient Greek, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 24 Animals and Human Language 1, Andrew Carstairs-Mccarthy; Chapter 25 Animals and Human Language 2, Dorothea Cogill-Koez; Chapter 26 Animals and Human Language 3, Irene M. Pepperberg; Chapter 27 Animals and Human Language 4, Dorothea Cogill-Koez; Chapter 28 Aphasia, Roelien Bastiaanse; Chapter 29 Applied Linguistics, Inês Signorini; Chapter 30 Arabic, R. Kirk Belnap; Chapter 31 Arabic Traditional Grammar, Michael G. Carter; Chapter 32 Aramaic, Alan D. Corré; Chapter 33 Arawak, Alexandra Aikhenvald; Chapter 34 Archeology and Language, Andrea Sansò; Chapter 35 Armenian, Bert Vaux; Chapter 36 Artificial Intelligence, Kyriakos N. Sgarbas; Chapter 37 Artificial Languages, Mark Fettes; Chapter 38 Aspect, Stefan Engelberg; Chapter 39 Assimilation and Coarticulation, Astrid Van Wieringen; Chapter 40 Assimilation and Dissimilation, John M. Levis; Chapter 41 Austin, John Langshaw, Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Chapter 42 Australia, Gerhard Leitner; Chapter 43 Austria, Anne Barron; Chapter 44 Austroasiatic, Camilla Cockerton; Chapter 45 Austronesian, Suzanne Romaine; Chapter 46 Auxiliaries, Elly Van Gelderen; Part 2 B; Chapter 47 Babylonian Traditional Grammar, Laura Daniliuc; Chapter 48 Balkans, Anita Sujoldzic; Chapter 49 Baltic Languages, Laura Daniliuc; Chapter 50 Bambara, Mandenkan and the Mande languages, Erwin Ebermann; Chapter 51 Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua, W. John Hutchins; Chapter 52 Basque, Edward A. Riedinger; Chapter 53 Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan Ignacy Niecis Baw, Pawe? Rutkowski; Chapter 54 Belgium, Emmanuelle Labeau; Chapter 55 Benveniste, Emile, Carol Sanders; Chapter 56 Bever, Thomas, Andrew Carnie; Chapter 57 Bilingual Acquisition, Jürgen M. Meisel; Chapter 58 Bilingual Mixed Languages, Robert A. Papen; Chapter 59 Bilingualism, Jeanette Altarriba; Chapter 60 Biosemiotics, Kalevi Kull, Aleksei Turovski; Chapter 61 Bloomfield, Leonard, Renate Born; Chapter 62 Boas, Franz, Michael Mackert; Chapter 63 Bopp, Franz, Pawea Rutkowski; Chapter 64 Brain Organization and Auditory Pathway, Horst M. Müller; Chapter 65 Bresnan, Joan, Adams Bodomo; Chapter 66 British Sign Language, Bencie Woll; Chapter 67 Brugmann, Karl, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 68 Bühler, Karl, Monika Rathert; Chapter 69 Burmese, Paulette Hopple; Chapter 70 Burushaski, Elena Bashir; Part 3 C; Chapter 71 Canada, James A. Walker; Chapter 72 Cape Verdean Creole, Bert Vaux, Marlyse Baptista; Chapter 73 Carib and Cariban Languages, Spike Gildea; Chapter 74 Caribbean, Suzanne Romaine; Chapter 75 Case, Egor Tsedryk; Chapter 76 Causation, John Moore; Chapter 77 Celtic Languages, Elvira M. Veselinovic; Chapter 78 Chafe, Wallace, Andrej Kibrik; Chapter 79 Chao Yuen Ren, Robin Sackmann; Chapter 80 China, Picus Sizhi Ding; Chapter 81 Chinese (Mandarin), William S.-Y. Wang; Chapter 82 Chinese and Japanese Traditional Grammar, Ann Wehmeyer; Chapter 83 Chinese Pidgin English, George Lang; Chapter 84 Chinese Pidgin Russian, Mikael Parkvall; Chapter 85 Chinook Jargon, Sarah G. Thomason; Chapter 86 Chomsky, Noam, Howard Lasnik, Carlos Otero; Chapter 87 Clark, Eve V., Andrew Wong; Chapter 88 Clause, Kleanthes K. Grohmann; Chapter 89 Clause-Type Indicators, Chris H. Reintges; Chapter 90 Clinical Linguistics, Michael Perkins; Chapter 91 Code-Switching, Roberto R. Heredia, Jeffrey M. Brown; Chapter 92 Coherence in Discourse, Max M. Louwerse, Arthur C. Graesser; Chapter 93 Color Terms, Ellen Johnson; Chapter 94 Communication Theory, Monika Rathert; Chapter 95 Comparative Method, Laura Daniliuc; Chapter 96 Compositional Semantics, Andrea SansÒ; Chapter 97 Compounding, Laurie Bauer; Chapter 98 Computational Linguistics, Carlos Inchaurralde; Chapter 99 Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), E. Marcia Johnson; Chapter 100 Comrie, Bernard, Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari; Chapter 101 Configurationality, Javier Martín Arista; Chapter 102 Connectionism, Karl Haberlandt; Chapter 103 Constituency Test, Acrisio Pires; Chapter 104 Context, Sigmund Ongstad; Chapter 105 Conversation Analysis, Suzanne Scott; Chapter 106 Coordination, Petra Hendriks; Chapter 107 Coptic Egyptian, Chris H. Reintges; Chapter 108 Corpus Linguistics, Susana M. Sotillo; Chapter 109 Courtroom Discourse, Bethany K. Dumas; Chapter 110 Crioulo, Gulf of Guinea, Mikael Parkvall; Chapter 111 Crioulo, Upper Guinea, Mikael Parkvall; Part 4 D; Chapter 112 Dakota and Siouan Languages, Lynn Ann Burley; Chapter 113 Deep Structure, Prague Petr Sgall; Chapter 114 Definiteness, Pablo I. Kirtchuk-Halevi; Chapter 115 Deixis, Luisa González-Romero; Chapter 116 Determiner, Sheila Dooley Collberg; Chapter 117 Developmental Stages, Susan H. Foster-Cohen; Chapter 118 Dialectology, Wolfgang Viereck; Chapter 119 Diglossia, Andrew Wong; Chapter 120 Discourse Analysis, Brian Paltridge; Chapter 121 Discourse Strategies, Josep Maria Cots; Chapter 122 Dravidian, Chandra Shekar; Chapter 123 Dutch, Laura Daniliuc; Chapter 124 Dyslexia, Leonard Katz; Part 5 E; Chapter 125 Emeneau, Murray Barnson, Alan S. Kaye; Chapter 126 Emotion and Language, Klaus P. Schneider; Chapter 127 Empty Categories, Karen Lahousse; Chapter 128 Empty Morphemes, José Carlos Martín Camacho; Chapter 129 Endangered Languages, Lenore A. Grenoble; Chapter 130 English, Gerhard Leitner; Chapter 131 Epenthesis and Syncope, Douglas C. Walker; Chapter 132 Eskimo-Aleut, Anna Berge; Chapter 133 Ethnicity and Language, Robert D. King; Chapter 134 Ethnography of Communication, Zhu Hua; Chapter 135 Etymology, Marko Snoj; Chapter 136 Euphemism, Judith M. Maxwell; Chapter 137 European Traditional Grammar, Christos G. Nifadopoulos; Chapter 138 Evolution of Language 1, Philip Lieberman; Chapter 139 Evolution of Language 2, James R. Hurford; Chapter 140 Evolution of Language 3, Philip Lieberman; Chapter 141 Evolution of Language 4, Chris Knight; Chapter 142 Ewe and Gbe languages, James Essegbey; Part 6 F; Chapter 143 Fanakalo, Mikael Parkvall; Chapter 144 Farsi, Simin Karimi; Chapter 145 Feature Theory, Mark Tatham; Chapter 146 Ferguson, Charles Albert, R. Kirk Belnap; Chapter 147 Field Methods, Judith M. Maxwell; Chapter 148 Figurative Speech, Deepshikha Mahanta; Chapter 149 Fillmore, Charles John, Carmen Bretones; Chapter 150 Finite-State Morphology, Alton Sanders; Chapter 151 Finnish and Finnic Languages, Jarmo Lainio; Chapter 152 Firth, John Rupert, Elena Battaner-Moro; Chapter 153 Fishman, Joshua A., Shree Vallabh Parasher; Chapter 154 Focality, Eva Hajicova; Chapter 155 Forensic Linguistics, Gerald McMenamin; Chapter 156 France, Carol Sanders; Chapter 157 French Language, Linda R. Waugh; Chapter 158 Fromkin, Victoria Alexandra, Julia S. Falk; Chapter 159 Function Words, Elly van Gelderen; Chapter 160 Functional Approaches, Carlos Inchaurralde; Part 7 G; Chapter 161 Gender and Language, Jane Sunderland; Chapter 162 Gender: Class Marking, Carlos Inchaurralde; Chapter 163 Generation, David Mcdonald; Chapter 164 Generative Grammar, Naomi Bolotin; Chapter 165 Genericity, Ariel Cohen; Chapter 166 Genetic Relationship, Andrew Wilson; Chapter 167 Genre, Sigmund Ongstad; Chapter 168 Georgian and Caucasian Languages, John Colarusso; Chapter 169 German, Laura Daniliuc; Chapter 170 Germany, Anne Barron; Chapter 171 Givón, Talmy, Javier Martín Arista; Chapter 172 Gothic, Allison Smith; Chapter 173 Grammar, Traditional, Allison Smith; Chapter 174 Grammar, Theories, Alton Sanders; Chapter 175 Grammatical Function, Egor Tsedryk; Chapter 176 Grammaticalization, Bernd Heine; Chapter 177 Great Britain, Allison Smith; Chapter 178 Great Vowel Shift, Donka Minkova; Chapter 179 Greek, Modern, Giorgos Tserdanelis; Chapter 180 Greenberg, Joseph Harold, William Croft; Chapter 181 Grice, H. Paul, Salvatore Attardo; Chapter 182 Grimm, Jacob, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 183 Guaymí and Chibchan Languages, J. Diego Quesada; Chapter 184 Gullah, Salikoko Mufwene; Chapter 185 Gumperz, John Joseph, Lotfi Sayahi; Part 8 H; Chapter 186 Haas, Mary Rosamond, Falk Julia S.; Chapter 187 Haitian Creole, Megan E. Melançon; Chapter 188 Hale, Kenneth, David Nash; Chapter 189 Halle, Morris, Andrew Carnie; Chapter 190 Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood, Vennelakanti Prakasam; Chapter 191 Handwriting, Arnold J.W.M. Thomassen; Chapter 192 Harris, Zellig Sabbetai, Alan D. Corré; Chapter 193 Haugen, Einar, Marc Pierce; Chapter 194 Hausa and Chadic Languages, Philip J. Jaggar; Chapter 195 Hawaiian Creole English, Suzanne Romaine; Chapter 196 Hebrew, Alan S. Kaye; Chapter 197 Hebrew, Outi Bat-El; Chapter 198 Hindi-Urdu, Tej K. Bhatia; Chapter 199 Hiri Motu, Terry Crowley; Chapter 200 Historical Linguistics, Cheryl Jensen; Chapter 201 History of Linguistics, Christos G. Nifadopoulos; Chapter 202 Hittite, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 203 Hjelmslev, Louis, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 204 Hmong and Hmong-Mien (Miao- Yao) languages, Christina Eira; Chapter 205 Hockett, Charles F., Renate Born; Chapter 206 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, Anita Sujoldzic; Chapter 207 Hungarian and Ugric Languages, Yuri Tambovtsev; Chapter 208 Hymes, Dell Hathaway, Denise Murray; Part 9 I; Chapter 209 Iconicity, Jyh Wee Sew; Chapter 210 Identity And Language, Ingrid Piller; Chapter 211 Ideology and Language, Robert S. Oventile; Chapter 212 Idiomaticity, Beatriz RodríGuez-Arrizabalaga; Chapter 213 Idioms, Carine Marret; Chapter 214 Igbo and Igboid Languages, Michael J. C. Echeruo; Chapter 215 India, Tej K. Bhatia; Chapter 216 Indian Ocean Creoles, Mikael Parkvall; Chapter 217 Indian Traditional Grammar, Robert D. King; Chapter 218 Indo-European 1, Robert Orr; Chapter 219 Indo-European 2, Laura Daniliuc; Chapter 220 Indo-European 3, Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari; Chapter 221 Indo-European 4, Thierry Ponchon; Chapter 222 Indo-European 5, Marc L. Greenberg; Chapter 223 Indo-Pakistani Sign Language, Ulrike Zeshan; Chapter 224 Inflection and Derivation, Roger Barnard; Chapter 225 Information Retrieval, Udo Hahn; Chapter 226 Interpreting, Francis R. Jones; Chapter 227 Irony, Salvatore Attardo; Chapter 228 Israel, Robert D. King; Chapter 229 Italian, Radu Daniliuc; Chapter 230 Italy, Alexander Loengarov; Part 10 J; Chapter 231 Jakobson, Roman, Linda R. Waugh; Chapter 232 Japanese, Johanna Mattissen; Chapter 233 Japanese Sign Language, Michael Morgan; Chapter 234 Javanese, Michael Philip Oakes; Chapter 235 Jespersen, Otto, Julia S. Falk; Chapter 236 Jones, Sir William, Edward A. Riedinger; Chapter 237 Juba and Nubi Arabic, Catherine Miller; Part 11 K; Chapter 238 Kayardild and the Tangkic Languages, Nicholas Evans; Chapter 239 Khmer and Mon-Khmer Languages, Lamont Antieau; Chapter 240 Khoisan, Bernd Heine; Chapter 241 Kinship Terms, Ellen Johnson; Chapter 242 Kituba, Salikoko Mufwene; Chapter 243 Korean, Hideki Noma; Chapter 244 Krio (and West African Pidgin English), Mikael Parkvall; Chapter 245 Kriol (Roper River Creole), Rob Pensalfini; Part 12 L; Chapter 246 Labov, William, Megan E. MelanÇon; Chapter 247 Ladefoged, Peter, Alan S. Kaye; Chapter 248 Lakoff, George, Iraide Ibarretxe-Antunano; Chapter 249 Langacker, Ronald, Iraide Ibarretxe-Antunano; Chapter 250 Language Change, Robert W. Murray; Chapter 251 Language: Contact—Overview, Ian R. Smith; Chapter 252 Language Death, James A. Walker; Chapter 253 Language Planning, Richard B. Baldauf, JR; Chapter 254 Language Socialization, Karen Woodman; Chapter 255 Lateralization and Handedness, Sabine Weiss; Chapter 256 Latin, Radu Daniliuc; Chapter 257 Lehmann, Winfred Philipp, Carol F. Justus; Chapter 258 Leskien, August, Alexander Sitzmann; Chapter 259 Lesser Antillean French Creole, Marlyse Baptista; Chapter 260 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, Anita Sujoldzic; Chapter 261 Lexical Borrowing, John Bowden; Chapter 262 Lexicalization, Carlos Inchaurralde; Chapter 263 Lexicon, Christina L. GagnÉ; Chapter 264 Lingua Franca, Jacques Arends; Chapter 265 Literacy, Inês Signorini; Chapter 266 Localization of Linguistic Information, Sabine Weiss; Chapter 267 Long-Distance Dependency, Luisa González-Romero; Chapter 268 Long-Range Comparison, Robert Orr; Chapter 269 Louisiana Creole, Mikael Parkvall; Chapter 270 Lyons, John, Laura Daniliuc; Part 13 M; Chapter 271 Machine Translation, Ruth H. Sanders; Chapter 272 Malagasy, Waruno Mahdi; Chapter 273 Malay-Indonesian and Malayic languages, Uri Tadmor; Chapter 274 Malkiel, Yakov, José Carlos Martín Camacho; Chapter 275 Manner of Articulation, Henry Rogers; Chapter 276 Māori and the Polynesian Languages, Ray Harlow; Chapter 277 Marshallese and Micronesian Languages, Camilla Cockerton; Chapter 278 Martinet, André, Anita Sujoldzic; Chapter 279 Mass Media and Language, Gerhard Leitner; Chapter 280 Mathematical Linguistics, Yuri Tambovtsev; Chapter 281 Maya and Mayan Languages, Michael Vrooman; Chapter 282 McCawley, James David, Judith M. Maxwell; Chapter 283 Meaning, Andrew Goatly; Chapter 284 Medicine and Language, Ellen Barton; Chapter 285 Meillet, Antoine, Thierry Ponchon; Chapter 286 Metaphor, Antonio Barcelona; Chapter 287 Metathesis, Kenneth J. Wireback; Chapter 288 Metonymy, Antonio Barcelona; Chapter 289 Mexico, Edward A. Riedinger; Chapter 290 Middle (Classical) Japanese, Alexander Vovin; Chapter 291 Middle English, Donka Minkova; Chapter 292 Migration and Language, Marisa Lohr; Chapter 293 Miskito and Misumalpan Languages, Baron Pineda; Chapter 294 Modern Linguistics, Beatriz RodrÍGuez-Arrizabalaga; Chapter 295 Modification, Javier MartÍN Arista; Chapter 296 Mohawk and the Iroquoian Languages, Marianne Mithun; Chapter 297 Mongolian, Robert A. Cloutier; Chapter 298 Montague, Richard, Javier GutiÉRrez-Rexach; Chapter 299 Mood, Kleanthes K. Grohmann; Chapter 300 Moore and the Gur Languages, Adams Bodomo; Chapter 301 Morpheme, Laurie Bauer; Chapter 302 Morphological Typology, Bernard Comrie; Chapter 303 Morphology, Laurie Beth Feldman, Mark Aronoff; Chapter 304 Murrinh-Patha and the Daly Languages, Nicholas Reid, Ian Green; Part 14 N; Chapter 305 Nahuatl and Uto-Aztecan Languages, Judith M. Maxwell; Chapter 306 Naming, Ingrid Piller; Chapter 307 Natural Classes, Charles Reiss; Chapter 308 Navajo and Athabaskan-Eyak Language, Melissa Axelrod; Chapter 309 Neurolinguistics, Horst M. Müller; Chapter 310 New Guinea, Suzanne Romaine; Chapter 311 Nida, Eugene Albert, Rodica Dimitriu; Chapter 312 Niger-Congo, Samuel Gyasi Obeng; Chapter 313 Nigeria, Anita Pandey; Chapter 314 Nilo-Saharan Languages, Mechthild Reh; Chapter 315 Nootka and Wakashan Languages, Darin Howe; Chapter 316 Northwest Caucasian Languages, Bert Vaux; Chapter 317 Noun Incorporation, Dimitra Papangeli; Chapter 318 Number Marking, Luisa GonzÁLez-Romero; Part 15 O; Chapter 319 Official Language Selection, Roger Barnard; Chapter 320 Ojibwe and Algonquian Languages, Mark Campana; Chapter 321 Okanagan and Salishan Languages, Anthony Mattina; Chapter 322 Old Chinese, Christopher I. Beckwith; Chapter 323 Old Church Slavonic, Charles Gribble; Chapter 324 Old English, Donka Minkova; Chapter 325 Old French, Douglas C. Walker; Chapter 326 Old High German, Robert D. King; Chapter 327 Old Irish, Andrew Wilson; Chapter 328 Old Japanese, Alexander Vovin; Chapter 329 Old Norse, Marisa Lohr; Chapter 330 Old Tibetan, Jacques Guillaume; Chapter 331 Onomatopoeia, Jyh Wee Sew; Chapter 332 Oto-Manguean Languages, Mark Sicoli; Part 16 P; Chapter 333 Pacific, Suzanne Romaine; Chapter 334 Pama-Nyungan, William B. Mcgregor; Chapter 335 Pān̩ini, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 336 Papiamento, Betsy Barry; Chapter 337 Paralanguage, Allison Benner; Chapter 338 Parsing, Michael P. Oakes; Chapter 339 Paul, Hermann, Marc Pierce; Chapter 340 Peirce, Charles Sanders, Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Chapter 341 Personality and Language, Enric Llurda; Chapter 342 Philippine Spanish Creoles, Patrick O. Steinkrüger; Chapter 343 Philology, Peter T. Daniels; Chapter 344 Philosophy of Language, Justin Leiber; Chapter 345 Phoneme, Alfia Abazova; Chapter 346 Phonetic Transcription, Astrid Van Wieringen; Chapter 347 Phonetics, Jonathan Harrington; Chapter 348 Phonology, Astrid Van Wieringen; Chapter 349 Phrase Structure, Amela Camdzic, Peter Ackema; Chapter 350 Pidgins and Creoles, Jacques Arends; Chapter 351 Pike, Kenneth Lee, Peter J. Silzer; Chapter 352 Pintupi and Pama-Nyungan Languages, Joanne Marie Baumgartner; Chapter 353 Pitcairnese, Suzanne Romaine; Chapter 354 Place of Articulation, Henry Rogers; Chapter 355 Plurality, Alfia Abazova; Chapter 356 Polish and West Slavic Languages, Andrew Wilson; Chapter 357 Politeness, Thomas M. Holtgraves; Chapter 358 Possessives, Egor Tsedryk; Chapter 359 Pragmatics, Klaus P. Schneider; Chapter 360 Predication, Beatriz RodríGuez-Arrizabalaga; Chapter 361 Professions for Linguists, Karen Woodman; Chapter 362 Proficiency Testing, Dan Douglas; Chapter 363 Pro-forms, Pranee Kullavanijaya; Chapter 364 Proper Nouns, Grace Yuen Wah Tse; Chapter 365 Prosody, Astrid Van Wieringen; Chapter 366 Psycholinguistics, Robert J. Hartsuiker; Part 17 Q; Chapter 367 Quantification, Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach; Chapter 368 Questions, Helen Basturkmen; Chapter 369 Quine, Willard van Orman, Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Part 18 R; Chapter 370 Reading, Richard Wagner; Chapter 371 Reading Impairment, Richard Wagner; Chapter 372 Reference, Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Chapter 373 Register, Lilia Savova; Chapter 374 Reichenbach, Hans, Monika Rathert; Chapter 375 Relevance in Discourse, Andrew Goatly; Chapter 376 Rhetoric and Linguistics, Anjali Pandey; Chapter 377 Romanian, Radu Daniliuc; Chapter 378 Rules vs. Constraints, Charles Reiss; Chapter 379 Russell, Bertrand Arthur William, Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Chapter 380 Russian and East Slavic Languages, Michael S. Flier; Part 19 S; Chapter 381 Sandhi, Amela Camdzic; Chapter 382 Sanskrit, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 383 Sapir, Edward, Julia S. Falk; Chapter 384 Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis, Alan S. Kaye; Chapter 385 Saramaccan, Jacques Arends; Chapter 386 Saussure, Ferdinand de, Carol Sanders; Chapter 387 Scandinavia, Jarmo Lainio; Chapter 388 Searle, John R, Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Chapter 389 Second Language, John Archibald; Chapter 390 Second Language, Jürgen M. Meisel; Chapter 391 Second Language, Roger Barnard; Chapter 392 Semantic and Discourse Typology, Carlos Inchaurralde; Chapter 393 Semantics, Josefa Toribio; Chapter 394 Semiotics, Josefa Toribio; Chapter 395 Semitic Languages, Peter T. Daniels; Chapter 396 Serbo-Croatian and South Slavic Languages, Marc L. Greenberg; Chapter 397 Serial Verb Constructions, Terry Crowley; Chapter 398 Sign Relationships, William C. Watt; Chapter 399 Signed Languages, Patricia Siple; Chapter 400 Sindhi, Jennifer Cole; Chapter 401 Sino-Tibetan Languages, Yongxian Luo; Chapter 402 Slobin, Dan Isaac, Karen Woodman; Chapter 403 Sociolect, Matthias Hartig; Chapter 404 Sociolinguistics, Ingrid Piller; Chapter 405 Soundwave Analysis, Astrid Van Wieringen; Chapter 406 South Africa, Camilla M. Cockerton; Chapter 407 South America, Veronica M. Grondona; Chapter 408 South America, Lamont Antieau, Michael Colley; Chapter 409 Southeast Asia, Lamont Antieau; Chapter 410 Soviet Union, Lenore A. Grenoble; Chapter 411 Soviet Union, Alfia Abazova; Chapter 412 Spain, Robert A. Cloutier; Chapter 413 Spanish and Iberoromance Languages, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 414 Spectral Analysis, Jonathan Harrington; Chapter 415 Speech Acts, Robert S. Oventile; Chapter 416 Speech Perception, Allard Jongman; Chapter 417 Speech Processing, Dragomir R. Radev; Chapter 418 Speech Processing (Neurobiology), Horst M. MÜller; Chapter 419 Speech Production, Holly Branigan, Robert J. Hartsuiker; Chapter 420 Speech Production: Neurobiology, Lori J.P. Altmann; Chapter 421 Speech Synthesis, Astrid Van Wieringen; Chapter 422 Sprachbund, Andrea SansÒ; Chapter 423 Sranan, Jacques Arends; Chapter 424 Sri Lanka Portuguese, Ian R. Smith; Chapter 425 Standard Language, Jyh Wee Sew; Chapter 426 Story Grammar, Karl Haberlandt; Chapter 427 Structural Interference, Shree Vallabh Parasher; Chapter 428 Structuralism, Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Chapter 429 Stylistics, Joybrato Mukherjee; Chapter 430 Sumerian, Gonzalo Rubio; Chapter 431 Swadesh, Morris, Philipp Strazny; Chapter 432 Swedish and Scandinavian Languages, Jarmo Lainio; Chapter 433 Sweet, Henry, Michael K.C. Macmahon; Chapter 434 Switch-Reference, Lynn Gordon; Chapter 435 Switzerland, Ray Harlow; Chapter 436 Syllable: Structure, Michael Hammond; Chapter 437 Syntactic Categories, Nicole Nau; Chapter 438 Syntactic Typology, Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari; Chapter 439 Syntax, Howard Lasnik; Part 20 T; Chapter 440 Taboo, Peter J. Silzer; Chapter 441 Tagalog and Philippine Languages, Lawrence A. Reid; Chapter 442 Tamil, Ian R. Smith; Chapter 443 Tarascan, Warren D. Anderson; Chapter 444 Teaching: Curricula, Brian Paltridge; Chapter 445 Teaching: Methods, David R. Hall; Chapter 446 Telugu, Vennelakanti Prakasam; Chapter 447 Tense and Aspect Marking, Monika Rathert; Chapter 448 Tense: Syntax, Monika Rathert; Chapter 449 Tewa and the Kiowa-Tanoan Languages, Paul V. Kroskrity; Chapter 450 Text Linguistics, Ingrid Piller; Chapter 451 Text Understanding, Udo Hahn; Chapter 452 Thai and Tai Languages, Krisadawan Hongladarom; Chapter 453 Thematic Structure, Kerstin Blume; Chapter 454 Tibetan, Krisadawan Hongladarom; Chapter 455 Time and Tense, Monika Rathert; Chapter 456 Tiv and Tivoid Languages, F. K. Erhard Voeltz; Chapter 457 Tocharian, Sean O’Rourke; Chapter 458 Tok Pisin, Jeff Siegel; Chapter 459 Tone Languages, Picus Sizhi Ding; Chapter 460 Translation, Francis R. Jones; Chapter 461 Trubetzkoy, Nikolai Sergeyevich, Elena Battaner-Moro; Chapter 462 Tuareg and Berber Languages, Moha Ennaji; Chapter 463 Tungusic, Lindsay Whaley; Chapter 464 Turing, Alan, Justin Leiber; Chapter 465 Turkey, Bert Vaux; Chapter 466 Typology, Lindsay Whaley; Part 21 U; Chapter 467 Udmurt, Karl Bernhardt; Chapter 468 United States, Ellen Johnson; Chapter 469 Universal Grammar, Sheila Dooley Collberg; Chapter 470 Utterance-Centered Linguistics, John N. Sivell; Part 22 V; Chapter 471 Variation, Andrew Wong; Chapter 472 Vietnamese, Lamont Antieau; Chapter 473 Visual Word Recognition, Kenneth R. Paap; Chapter 474 Voice, Andrea Sansò; Chapter 475 Vowel Harmony, David K. Harrison; Part 23 W; Chapter 476 Wackernagel, Jacob, Silvia Luraghi; Chapter 477 Warao, Stefanie Herrmann; Chapter 478 Wayampi and Tupi-Guarani Languages, Cheryl Jensen; Chapter 479 Weinreich, Uriel, Lamont Antieau; Chapter 480 Western Caribbean Creole(s), Anita Pandey; Chapter 481 Whorf, Benjamin Lee, Alan S. Kaye; Chapter 482 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Elena Battaner-Moro; Chapter 483 Wolof and Atlantic Languages, Fiona Mc Laughlin; Chapter 484 Word, Joybrato Mukherjee; Chapter 485 Word Order, Sheila Dooley Collberg; Chapter 486 Word Sense Disambiguation, Michael P. Oakes; Chapter 487 Working Memory, Sabine Weiss; Chapter 488 Writing Systems, Bernard Comrie; Part 24 Y; Chapter 489 Yémba and the Grassfields Bantu Languages, Steven Bird; Chapter 490 Yiddish, Paul Wexler; Chapter 491 Yoruba and Yoruboid Languages, O??lanike?? O??la Orie; Part 25 Z; Chapter 492 Zipf, George Kingsley, Lamont Antieau; Chapter 493 Zulu and Southern Bantu Languages, Camilla M. Cockerton; Chapter 494 Zuni, Lynn Nichols;