Elementary Educator's Guide to Primary Sources: Strategies for Teaching
184
Elementary Educator's Guide to Primary Sources: Strategies for Teaching
184Paperback
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Overview
Many elementary school librarians and teachers want to incorporate primary sources into their lessons but struggle with how to do it. Whether you are starting from the beginning, have used strategies that didn't seem to work, or were underwhelmed by others' suggestions, this book shows you how you can successfully supplement and deepen your students' learning with primary sources.
Focusing on proven strategies for elementary students, the book is divided into four sections, each of which demonstrates the strategies through real-world examples of student work. In the first three parts, it explores the three major considerations for using primary sources, strategies for analyzing primary sources, effectively using primary sources to teach different subject areas, and special considerations for different primary source formats. In the final part, the author shares tips that he has learned after years of bringing primary sources into his elementary school that will ensure success in students' primary source analysis.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781440863868 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Bloomsbury Academic |
| Publication date: | 12/04/2018 |
| Pages: | 184 |
| Sales rank: | 134,596 |
| Product dimensions: | 7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x 0.39(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Primary Sources 1
Analyzing Primary Sources as a Key Skill in Learning 2
What Is a Primary Source? 5
Where to Find Primary Sources 7
Preparing to Use Primary Sources and This Book 9
Chapter 2 Analyzing Primary Sources in the Elementary Grades 13
What Happens in Every Primary-Source-Analysis Strategy 14
A Teacher Frames the Primary Source Analysis 14
Students Work within the Framework to Analyze the Primary Source 15
Students Collaborate through the Analysis 16
Primary Source Analysis Connects to Other Learning 17
Strategy 1 See, Think, Wonder Strategy 17
Strategy Overview 17
Framing the See, Think, Wonder Strategy for Students 18
Guiding Students through the See, Think, Wonder Strategy 20
Guiding Students in Seeing the Primary Source 20
Guiding Students in Thinking about the Primary Source 22
Guiding Students in Wondering about a Primary Source 23
Teacher's Role in the See, Think, Wonder Strategy 25
Teacher Roles Often Taken On 25
Teacher Roles to Avoid Taking On 26
Teacher Roles Sometimes Taken On 27
Differentiating the See, Think, Wonder Strategy for Youngest Learners 29
Strategy 2 Close Reading Strategy 30
Strategy Overview 31
Framing the Close Reading Strategy for Students 31
Guiding Students through the Close Reading Strategy 33
Guiding Students to Read through a Lens 33
Guiding Students through Finding Patterns 35
Guiding Students through Developing Understanding 37
Teacher's Role in the Close Reading Strategy 39
Teacher Roles Often Taken On 39
Teacher Roles to Avoid Taking On 40
Teacher Roles Sometimes Taken On 41
Differentiating the Close Reading Strategy for Youngest Learners 42
Strategy 3 See, Wonder, Think Strategy 43
Strategy Overview 43
Framing the See, Wonder, Think Strategy for Students 43
Guiding Students through the See, Wonder, Think Strategy 46
Guiding Students in Seeing the Primary Source 47
Guiding Students in Wondering about the Primary Source 48
Guiding Students in Thinking about the Primary Source 50
Teacher's Role in the See, Wonder, Think Strategy 53
Teacher Roles Often Taken On 53
Teacher Roles to Avoid Taking On 54
Teacher Roles Sometimes Taken On 55
Differentiating the See, Wonder, Think Strategy for Youngest Learners 56
Strategy 4 Analyzing Like a Historian Strategy 57
Strategy Overview 57
Framing the Analyzing Like a Historian Strategy for Students 57
Guiding Students through the Analyzing Like a Historian Strategy 59
Guiding Students through Sourcing 60
Guiding Students through Contextualization 62
Guiding Students through Analyzing the Source 63
Guiding Students through Corroboration 65
Teacher's Role in the Analyzing Like a Historian Strategy 66
Teacher Roles Often Taken On 66
Teacher Roles to Avoid Taking On 67
Teacher Roles Sometimes Taken On 69
Differentiating the Analyzing Like a Historian Strategy for Youngest Learners 70
A Special Note about the Analyzing Like a Historian Strategy 70
Strategy 5 Using Visible Thinking Strategies as Exit Slips 71
Strategies Overview 71
Framing the Visible Thinking Strategies for Students 72
Guiding Students through Visible Thinking Strategies 72
Examples of Exit Slips in Use 73
Teacher's Role in Visible Thinking Strategies 76
Teacher Roles Often Taken On 76
Teacher Roles to Avoid Taking On 77
Teacher Roles Sometimes Taken On 77
Differentiating Visible Thinking Strategies for Youngest Learners 78
Chapter 3 Selecting Primary Sources 79
Choosing Compelling Primary Sources 80
What Makes a Primary Source Compelling? 81
Connection 81
Well-Known or Familiar 81
Makes You Wonder 82
Format 82
Elicits an Emotion 82
Analyzing Primary Source Images 85
Types of Primary Source Images 85
Considerations When Selecting Primary Source Images 85
Portraits, Drawings, Sketches, and Engravings 85
Text in Primary Source Images 86
Student interactions with Primary Source Images 87
Determining How Students Will Interact with the Source 87
Modified Analysis for Primary Source Images 89
Puzzle Strategy 90
Jump In Strategy 92
Pose Strategy 93
Analyzing Primary Source Text 95
Types of Primary Source Texts 95
Considerations When Selecting Primary Source Texts 96
Challenging Vocabulary in Primary Source Texts 96
Handwriting in Primary Source Texts 97
The Long S in Primary Source Texts 99
Long Passages of Primary Source Text 100
Images in Primary Source Text 101
Student Interactions with Primary Source Texts 101
Determining How Students Will Interact with the Source 101
Transcripts of Primary Source Text 103
Jigsaw Strategy 103
Writing a Headline to Summarize 104
Analyzing Primary Source Sounds and Moving Pictures 105
Types of Primary Source Sounds and Moving Pictures 105
Considerations When Selecting Primary Source Sounds and Moving Pictures 106
Time Available to Interact with the Source 106
Supporting Sound of the Primary Source 106
Movement within the Primary Source 107
Emotion Shown through the Primary Source 107
Equipment Needed to Interact with Audiovisual Primary Sources 109
Student Interactions with Primary Source Sounds and Moving Pictures 109
Active versus Passive Use 109
Student Control of Access to the Primary Source 110
Documenting Primary Source Audio Analysis 110
Documenting Primary Source Video and Film Analysis 112
Chapter 4 Connecting Primary Sources to Content Curriculum 113
Viewing Primary Sources through a Subject Area Lens 114
Primary Sources and Social Studies 116
Primary Sources and Language Arts 121
Primary Sources and Science 128
Primary Sources and Math 130
Chapter 5 Assuring Success with Primary Source Analysis: Teacher Tips 133
Collaborative Classroom Culture during Primary Source Analysis 134
Collaboration Configurations during Primary Source Analysis 134
Whole-Class Collaboration 134
Small-Group Collaboration 134
Pair Collaboration 135
Mixing Collaborations during Primary Source Analysis 136
Collaboration as a Way to Address Student Misconceptions 137
Considering Moment of Use 139
Primary Sources at the Beginning of a Lesson 139
Primary Sources as Part of Whole-Class Instruction 140
Primary Sources during Independent Instruction 141
Primary Sources Analysis as Assessment 143
Listening and Responding during Primary Source Analysis 145
Listening during a Primary Source Analysis 145
Responding during a Primary Source Analysis 148
Pairing Primary Sources for Student Learning 151
Why Pak Primary Sources? 151
Pairing Primary Sources with Multiple Perspectives 151
Pairing Primary Sources to Fill in the Gaps or Answer Questions 152
Pairing Primary Sources to Reinforce Understandings and Ideas 154
Pairing Primary Sources to Extend or Broaden a Topic 155
An Additional Note on Analyzing Paired Primary Sources 157
A Final Hope and Setting Goals to Use Primary Source Analysis with Elementary Students 157
Bibliography 159
Primary Source References 161
Index 165
What People are Saying About This
"Tom Bober’s book Elementary Educator’s Guide to Primary Sources: Strategies for Teaching hooked me with his first sentence, 'I love old documents,' and riveted me until the final period. While I think secondary teachers would appreciate this book, I’m glad Bober included all elementary educators. This book is a goldmine of information. I especially liked Bober’s working definition of a primary source and the clarifying examples he provided. Perhaps even college students could benefit from his explanation. Lev Vygotsky cautions us to 'bring the wonders down' when teaching something abstract. In his authentic voice and unique style, Bober does just that. What we call 'priming the student/priming the text' in Abydos, he uses Harvard’s Project Zero’s 'see, think, wonder' strategy. Brilliant! That allows for plenty of time to tap prior knowledge and build scaffolds. Artifacts simply become the means to the important end we call learning. Another plus for Bober is the consistent way he places the teacher in the role of guide—not the omnipotent, all-knowing sage that all-to-often teachers assume. Bober’s rhetorical stance makes the book readable, interesting, and practical. So taken was I upon reading the pre-copy edited version that I contacted Tom Bober to speak at our Abydos Literacy Conference in April. He agreed to come. Everyone who teaches needs exposure to Bober and his work."
"Tom Bober’s book is a thorough guide for using primary sources in your library or classroom. Whether your primary source understanding is basic or beyond, you will be inspired to use primary sources in new insightful ways. This must-read, explains and clarifies the roles of the document(s), the teacher and the students. . . . This book will inspire you to include primary sources in your curriculum planning and give ideas for library-classroom collaboration.. If you are wondering how to get students thinking, wondering, analyzing, investigating, and connecting to real life —this book is for you. . . . [T]his is a great how-to manual for those who have never worked with primary sources, and a clarifying book with extra details and new ideas for those who have."