Early Socialisation: Sociability and Attachment

by Cara Flanagan

Overview

Early Socialisation looks at sociability and attachment and how they relate to emotional and cognitive development. Topics covered include: bonding, attachment, deprivation, separation and privation, as well as enrichment. Social and cultural variations are considered, and theories of attachment and loss are described and evaluated.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781134663637
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	01/04/2002
Series:	Routledge Modular Psychology
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	192
File size:	519 KB

About the Author

Cara Flanagan is an experienced author and Assessor and TeamLeader for AEB A-level psychology. Her most recent books includePracticals for psychology (Routledge 1998), Psychology A-level studyguide (1994) and Applying psychology to early childhood development(1996). She is a co-editor for the series with Kevin Silber.

Table of Contents

List of illustrations — Acknowledgements — 1 Introduction — Some early views of childhood — The beginnings of childhood — This century — The maternal deprivation hypothesis — Evaluation — Imprinting and bonding — Imprinting, bonding and attachment — Bowlby's theory of attachment — Sociability — Cross-cultural research — Summary — 2 Sociability — Introduction — Innate social abilities — Specific behaviours — Emotional expression — Emotional sensitivity — Learned social abilities — Nature and nurture — An interest in faces — More and more smiles — Reciprocal relationships — Ethical and methodological issues — Individual differences — Innate factors — The influence of others — Summary — 3 Imprinting and bonding — Introduction — Imprinting — Konrad Lorenz and greylag geese — Critical period hypothesis — Sensitive period — Supra-individual — Consequences of imprinting — Evaluation — Bonding in non-human animals — Wire mothers — Experimental variations — Conclusions — Evaluation of non-human research — Bonding in humans — Skin-to-skin contact — Evaluation — Ethical and practical concerns — What bonding research means for attachment — Summary — 4 The attachment process — Introduction — What is attachment? — The development of attachment behaviour — 1 The asocial stage — 2 Indiscriminate attachments — 3 Specific attachments — 4 Multiple attachments — Understanding why these changes take place — Evaluation — Individual differences in attachment — Measuring attachment — What the Strange Situation measures — Types of attachment — Stability of attachment — Evaluation — The value of a secure attachment — Short-term effects: benefits of secure attachment — Long-term effects: emotional development and relationships — Long-term effects: parenting — Long-term effects: personality development — Long-term effects: self-esteem — Long-term effects: cognitive development — Evaluation — Monotropy versus multiple attachments — Monotropy — The case for multiple attachments — Evaluation — Summary — 5 Privation — Introduction — Children reared in isolation — The Koluchova twins (PM and JM) — Genie — Evaluation — Institutionalisation — Skeels'study — Tizard's study — Evaluation of Tizard's study — Other studies — Romanian orphans — Conclusions — Reactive attachment disorder — The effects of privation — Some conclusions — Privation or deprivation? — A sensitive period? — Individual differences in coping — Methodology — What does it matter? — Summary — 6 Separation — Introduction — Responses to separation — Separation anxiety — Criticisms of the POD model — Hospitalisation — Hospitals and later maladjustment — Evaluation — Day care — Day care in a nursery — Day care with a childminder — Attachment to day-care provider — Evaluation — Divorce — Parental discord — Explanations — Final evaluation of separation experiences — Summary — 7 Social and cultural variations — Introduction — What is 'cultural variation'? — Cultural variations in attachment — Cultural similarities — The Strange Situation — The Strange Situation as an imposed etic — One or many attachments? — Are there any differences? — Attachment and economics — Conclusions — Cultural variations in childrearing — Studies of Western childrearing styles — Evaluation — Social class (sub-cultural) differences — Cross-cultural studies — Conclusion — Summary — 8 Theories of attachment — Introduction — What is a theory of attachment? — Attachment theory before Bowlby — Freudian theory — Behaviourist theory — Evaluation of Freudian and behaviourist approaches — The ethological approach — Bowlby's theory — The influence of psychoanalysis: maternal deprivation — The influence of ethology: attachment theory — A critical or sensitive period — Is attachment innate? — Monotropy — The internal working model — Caregiver sensitivity hypothesis — A secure base — Attachment theory — Evaluation of Bowlby's theory — Rutter's commentary: maternal deprivation reassessed — Other criticisms of Bowlby's theory — Final analysis — Summary — 9 Enrichment — Introduction — What is enrichment? — Cognitive development — Perceptual development — The effect of institutionalisation — Other studies of visual deprivation — Conclusion — Language development — Linguistic enrichment — Criticisms of verbal deprivation theory — Reading — Speech — Development of intelligence — Hothousing — Preschool enrichment programmes — Nutritional enrichment — Intelligence enrichment programmes: conclusions — Social and emotional development — Popularity — Attachment — Conclusions — Summary — 10 Study aids — Practice essays — Key research summaries — Bowlby (1946) Forty-four juvenile thieves — Schaffer and Emerson (1964) The development of social attachments in infancy — Fox (1977) Attachment of kibbutz infants to mother and metapelet — Glossary — References — Index.