Drugs in America: A Documentary History / Edition 1

by David F. Musto

Overview

Chronicles the rise and fall and rise again of drugs popular in the U.S.

Most Americans would be surprised to learn that large quantities of beer were brought over on the Puritan ships and that the hallowed Puritans were fond of drink. How many today realize that hemp was once one of our most lucrative cash crops encouraged by President John Adams and promoted by the Agriculture department? Or that cocaine, opium and heroin had several waves of popularity in this century and the last? Drugs and alcohol have been with us from the start. So have attempts to control or eliminate their use. In the first anthology of its kind, renowned drug policy expert David Musto chronicles the rise and fall and rise again of the most popular mind altering substances in the Unites States: alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and opiates.

In the section on alcohol we hear the Reverend Lyman Beecher, prominent radical abolitionist and father of Harriet Beecher Stowe, thundering against the evils of alcohol in 1826. We read medical documents that show how the first stirrings of concern about about what is now termed fetal-alcohol syndrome in 1910 turned public opinion against drinking and helped move the country toward Prohibition. The sections on illegal drugs contain surprises as well.

With accessible, jargon-free introductions this anthology puts drug and alcohol use at the center of American culture. At this critical point in the "war on drugs" if we do not appreciate our drug and alcohol history we may become captive to the powerful emotions that lead to draconian repression, exaggeration, or apathy and silence.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780814756638
Publisher:	New York University Press
Publication date:	07/28/2002
Pages:	574
Sales rank:	1,137,533
Product dimensions:	7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x 1.10(d)

About the Author

David F. Musto M.D. is Professor of the History of Medicine and Child Psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and Lecturer of History and American Studies at Yale University. He is the author of The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control.

Table of Contents

	Acknowledgments	xv
	Editor's Note	xvi
Part I	Alcohol	1
	Introduction	3
1	Alcohol in the British Colonies in America	14
	The Evolution of Prohibition in the United States	14
2	A British Argument against Distilled Alcohol	16
	A Friendly Admonition to the Drinkers of Brandy and Other Distilled Spirituous Liquors	16
3	British and U.S. Physicians on the Dangers of Alcohol	25
	Petition to the House of Commons	25
	Deleterious Effects of Distilled Spirits on the Human System	26
4	An Esteemed Physician Encourages First Temperance Movement	27
	An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits upon the Human Body and Mind	27
5	A Powerful Statement against All Alcohol by a Distinguished Preacher	44
	Six Sermons on the Nature, Occasions, Signs, Evils and Remedy of Intemperance	44
6	The Woman's Crusade of 1873-74	87
	Hillsboro Crusade Sketches	87
7	The Woman's Christian Temperance Union	95
	Songs	96
	Primer of Physiology and Hygiene	99
8	Frances E. Willard	102
	Frances E. Willard: Statuary Hall, Washington, February 17th, 1903	102
	Scientific Temperance Instruction in Public Schools: A Message of Fifteen Years Ago	104
9	The Anti-Saloon League	108
	Proceedings of the 1913 National Convention	108
10	Congressional Debate over the Prohibition Amendment	112
	House Joint Resolution No. 168	112
	Testimony by Representatives Hobson and Mann	113
11	A Classic Tract by the Highest-Paid Speaker of the Anti-Saloon League	119
	Alcohol and the Human Race	119
12	Is Alcohol Dangerous to the Fetus? Part 1: Yes	122
	The Influence of Alcoholism on the Offspring	122
13	Constitutional Prohibition	124
	The Eighteenth Amendment	124
14	Enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment	125
	The Volstead Act	125
15	A Leading Economist Argues for Prohibition	130
	Prohibition at Its Worst	130
16	A Pamphlet from the Association against the Prohibition Amendment	142
	A Criticism of National Prohibition	142
17	Pierre S. du Pont Urges Repeal	147
	Radio Speech	147
18	FDR Stumps for Repeal	151
	Campaign Address on Prohibition	151
	Campaign Address on the Federal Budget	153
19	Prohibition Is Repealed	155
	Roosevelt Proclaims Repeal; Urges Temperance in Nation	155
20	Recovery from Alcoholism	158
	The Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous	158
21	Is Alcohol Dangerous to the Fetus? Part 2: No	160
	Alcohol Explored	160
	Effect of Single Large Alcohol Intake on Fetus	163
22	Definitions of Alcoholism	164
	The Disease Concept of Alcoholism	164
23	Is Alcohol Dangerous to the Fetus? Part 3: Yes	170
	Health Caution on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome	170
24	Warning Labels Are Mandated on Containers of Alcoholic Beverages	171
	The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988	171
25	How to Speak about Alcohol and Drugs: Government Recommendations	173
	Message and Guidelines: Office for Substance Abuse Prevention	173
Part II	Drugs	181
	Introduction: Opiates, Cocaine, Cannabis, and Other Drugs	183
Section I	Opiates	195
26	The Pleasures of Laudanum	197
	Confessions of an English Opium-Eater	197
27	Morphine Is Isolated	200
	Friedrich Wilhelm Serturner and the Discovery of Morphine	200
28	The Invention of the Hypodermic Syringe	202
	A Critical Study of the Origins and Early Development of Hypodermic Medication	202
29	Narcotic Use in the Civil War	211
	The Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War	211
30	Upsurge in Opium Use	213
	The Use and Abuse of Opium	213
31	The Benefits of Nonmedical Opium Use	219
	A Treatise on Therapeutics and Pharmacology	219
32	The Importance of Prevention	226
	Plea from a Young Laudanum Addict	226
33	Treatment of Chronic Diseases with Opiates	229
	On the Abuse of Hypodermic Injections of Morphia	229
	Opium and the Opium-Appetite	232
	Morbid Craving for Morphia	233
	Inebriety, or Narcomania	234
34	Morphinism	239
	What Is the Morphine Disease?	239
35	Treating the Morphia Habit	243
	The Principles and Practices of Medicine	243
36	The Towns Cure	245
	The Obliteration of the Craving for Narcotics	245
37	The Burden of Morphine	251
	Long Day's Journey into Night	251
38	A Federal Antinarcotic Law	253
	The Harrison Act	253
39	The Doremus and Webb Decisions	256
	United States v. Doremus	256
	Webb et al. v. United States	260
40	The Demonization of Opium	262
	Opium: The Demon Flower	262
41	Drug Addiction as Chronic Disease	265
	The Narcotic Drug Problem	265
42	Richmond P. Hobson Takes on Drugs	271
	Mankind's Greatest Affliction and Gravest Menace	271
43	No Mercy for Drug Violations	276
	The Boggs Act	276
	The Narcotic Control Act of 1956	277
44	The AMA and the ABA on the Limits of Law Enforcement	282
	Drug Addiction: Crime or Disease?	282
45	A Presidential Commission Suggests a Medical Approach	287
	Narcotics and Drug Abuse	287
46	Explosion of Drug Use	305
	Drug Use in America: Problem in Perspective	305
47	New Laws from the 1960s to the 1980s	310
	The Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965	310
	The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970	312
	The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986	318
	The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988	323
Section II	Cocaine	327
48	Cocaine Is Isolated	329
	A New Alkaloid in Coca	329
49	Praise for Coca Extract	331
	Erythroxylon Coca	331
50	The Therapeutic Value of Cocaine	336
	Coca: Its Preparations and Therapeutical Qualities	336
51	Freud as Cocaine User and Advocate	343
	Uber Coca	343
52	Recognizing Addiction	349
	Cocaine Dosage and Cocaine Addiction	349
53	The Difficulties of Treating Cocaine Addicts	353
	The Treatment of Chronic Cocaine Poisoning, or Cocaino-Mania	353
54	Investigating Drug Abuse	356
	Report on Cocaine	356
55	Cocaine Defined as Social Menace	360
	The Cocain Habit (1900)	360
	The Cocain Habit (1901)	361
	The Drug-Habit Menace in the South	361
56	The Shanghai Commission's Recommendations on Cocaine	368
	Report on the International Opium Commission and on the Opium Problem as Seen within the United States	368
57	Cocaine Use Diminishes in the 1930s	380
	Report of the Mayor's Committee on Drug Addiction	380
58	Cocaine Returns in the 1970s	382
	White Paper on Drug Abuse	382
59	The Social Drug	384
	The Cocaine Scene	384
60	The Danger of Cocaine	388
	Coke Kills	388
	Trying to Say "No"	389
	Reagan: Drugs Are the "No. 1" Problem	392
61	The Crack Epidemic	393
	Testimony before the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control	393
	"Coca Paste" and "Free Base"	394
Section III	Cannabis	397
62	Hashish	399
	The Hasheesh Eater	399
63	Physiological Effects and Dangers of Cannabis Use	405
	An Essay on Hasheesh	405
64	Hemp Growing for Farmers	407
	Definition of Cannabis	407
	Drug Plants under Cultivation	408
65	Vipers in the Jazz Age and After	410
	Really the Blues	410
	Tea for a Viper	416
66	The Government Response	422
	Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs, 1931	422
	Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs, 1933	423
	Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs, 1937	424
67	Marijuana Comes under Federal Control	430
	The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937	430
68	The Danger of Marijuana	433
	Marijuana: Assassin of Youth	433
69	Clinical Observations of Marijuana Users	441
	Marihuana: A Psychiatric Study	441
70	The La Guardia Report	452
	The Marihuana Problem in the City of New York	452
	The Journal of the American Medical Association Attacks the La Guardia Report	458
71	Recommending a "Discouragement Policy"	460
	Marijuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding	460
72	Long-Term Effects Uncertain	478
	Report on the Health-Related Effects of Marijuana	478
73	The Legalization of Marijuana: Hearings	484
	Opinion and Recommended Ruling on the Marijuana Rescheduling Petition	484
	Denial of Marijuana Scheduling Petition	494
74	Medical Legalization of Marijuana	534
	Statement by the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy	534
75	Therapeutic Benefits and Health Risks of Marijuana	542
	Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base	542
76	Scientific Research on Marijuana	552
	White House Drug Policy Office Issues Statement on Institute of Medicine's Report on Marijuana and Medicine	552
	Sources and Permissions	555
	Index	561
	About the Editor	575

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

"Anyone with an interest in social history will find this book fascinating. . . . A valuable resource and an interesting read."
— Drugs and Alcohol Review

-,

"The sermons, speeches, medical arguments, and policy papers gathered here adequately convey changing attitudes toward these sometimes licit, sometimes illicit substances. For classes in public policy, reform, or public health or for individuals interested in these areas, this book will be exceedingly informative and useful."
—Journal of the History of Medicine

-,

"It is a powerful, clearly written, and well-researched reference on the history of drugs in the U.S...Readers will learn much about the temperance movements and the introduction of cocaine into the American market, including coca Cola products."
—Choice

-,

"This volume is an ambitious attempt to provide, through a collection of primary sources, an overview of the US experience with drugs and drug control. . . . Drugs in America is a splendidly edited volume, of interest both to the substance abuse specialist and the general reader."
—Jama: Journal of the American Medical Association

-

Editorial Reviews

"Anyone with an interest in social history will find this book fascinating. . . . A valuable resource and an interesting read."

Drugs and Alcohol Review

"The sermons, speeches, medical arguments, and policy papers gathered here adequately convey changing attitudes toward these sometimes licit, sometimes illicit substances. For classes in public policy, reform, or public health or for individuals interested in these areas, this book will be exceedingly informative and useful."

Journal of the History of Medicine

"It is a powerful, clearly written, and well-researched reference on the history of drugs in the U.S...Readers will learn much about the temperance movements and the introduction of cocaine into the American market, including coca Cola products."

Choice

"This volume is an ambitious attempt to provide, through a collection of primary sources, an overview of the US experience with drugs and drug control. . . . Drugs in America is a splendidly edited volume, of interest both to the substance abuse specialist and the general reader."

Jama: Journal of the American Medical Association

"Anyone with an interest in social history will find this book fascinating. . . . A valuable resource and an interesting read."
— Drugs and Alcohol Review

-

"The sermons, speeches, medical arguments, and policy papers gathered here adequately convey changing attitudes toward these sometimes licit, sometimes illicit substances. For classes in public policy, reform, or public health or for individuals interested in these areas, this book will be exceedingly informative and useful."
— Journal of the History of Medicine

-

"It is a powerful, clearly written, and well-researched reference on the history of drugs in the U.S...Readers will learn much about the temperance movements and the introduction of cocaine into the American market, including coca Cola products."
— Choice

-

"This volume is an ambitious attempt to provide, through a collection of primary sources, an overview of the US experience with drugs and drug control. . . . Drugs in America is a splendidly edited volume, of interest both to the substance abuse specialist and the general reader."
— Jama: Journal of the American Medical Association

-

From the Publisher