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Overview
The Indian Removal Act transformed the Native North American continent and precipitated the development of a national identity based on a narrative of vanishing American Indians. This volume is a probing look into a chapter in American history that, while difficult, cannot be ignored. Sweeping in its coverage of history, it includes deeply personal accounts of American Indian removal from which readers may discern the degree to which the new national identity of the United States was influenced by bigotry and dependence on the corporate economy.
The book is organized into six sections that collectively provide the full scope of American Indian removal policies that began with the founding of the United States. The sections trace the evolution of federal government policies; the rhetoric of Indian removal in public debates; removal experiences; ethnic cleansing through overtly racist laws; responses to removals; and the question that reigned in the aftermath: Who owned the land? The chronological organization allows readers both to approach Indian removal through the framework of ongoing injustice in the colonial system that existed for the first 150 years of the United States, from the 1770s through the 1920s, and to draw connections from this legacy to the seizures of Indian lands and resources that continue today.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781440854200 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | ABC-CLIO, Incorporated |
| Publication date: | 12/07/2018 |
| Series: | ABC-CLIO Eyewitness to History Series |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 266 |
| File size: | 3 MB |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Evaluating and Interpreting Primary Documents ix
Historical Introduction xi
Chronology xvii
Chapter 1 Evolution of Federal Government Policies, 1778-1829 1
1 Treaty of Fort Pitt (Delaware), September 17, 1778 4
2 Secretary of War Henry Knox, Report on the Northwestern Indians, June 15, 1789 7
3 Chief Cornplanter or John Abeel, Big Tree, and Half-Town (Seneca), Letter to President Washington, December 1, 1790 9
4 President Jefferson to William Henry Harrison, February 27, 1803 15
5 Cherokee Women Petition, May 2, 1817 18
6 Treaty with the Cherokee, July 8, 1817 20
7 Statement of Menominees Concerning Treaties Ceding Lands in Wisconsin to the Indians of New York, 1824 27
8 President Monroe, Message on Indian Removal, January 27, 1825 28
9 Secretary of War John Eaton on Cherokee Removal, April 18, 1829 30
10 President Jackson on Indian Removal, April 18, 1829 34
Chapter 2 Rhetoric of Removal, 1829-1830 39
11 President Jackson on Indian Removal, December 8, 1829 41
12 Catherine Beecher, Circular; Addressed to Benevolent Ladies of the U. States, December 25, 1829 44
13 Governor Lewis Cass of Michigan Territory, Removal of the Indians, January 1830 46
14 Senator Hugh White (Tennessee), Bill from Committee on Indian Affairs, February 22, 1830 51
15 Senator Theodore Frelinghuysen (New Jersey), against Indian Removal, April 9, 1830 53
16 Indian Removal Act, May 28, 1830 58
17 Elias Boudinot (Cherokee), Editorial, Cherokee Phoenix, June 19, 1830 59
18 President Jackson to John Pitchlynn, August 5, 1830 61
Chapter 3 Removals, 1830-1836 63
19 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, Choctaw, September 27, 1830 65
20 President Jackson State of the Union Address, December 6, 1830 80
21 Commissioner of Indian Affairs Elbert Herring Describes Removal as Humane, November 8, 1831 83
22 Chief George Harkins (Choctaw), A Choctaw Farewell, February 1832 84
23 U.S. Supreme Court, Worcester v. Georgia, March 3, 1832 87
24 Treaty with the Seminole, 1833 106
25 David Crockett to Charles Schultz, December 25, 1834 108
26 President Jackson on Indian Removal, December 7, 1835 109
27 Chickasaw Chiefs, Letter to Andrew Jackson, December 24, 1835 112
28 Treaty of New Echota, December 29, 1835 117
29 Lieutenant J. T. Sprague, Removed Creeks Travel West, 1836 130
30 Lieutenant J. Van Home, Journal of a Party of Seminole Indians Removal, April 11-June 6, 1836 144
Chapter 4 Ethnic Cleansing, 1836-1844 153
31 Memorial of Protest of the Cherokee Nation, June 22, 1836 156
32 General John Wool, Cherokee Are Urged to Comply, March 22, 1837 166
33 Lieutenant Edwards Deas, Journal of Occurrences on the Route of a Party of Emigrating Creek Indians, May 25-June 5, 1837 168
34 Reverend Daniel S. Butrick, Removal Journal, May 26-July 20, 1838 173
35 Congressman Joshua Giddings, Slavery, and the Seminal War, February 9, 1841 188
36 Tonawanda Seneca Clan Mothers' Support of Chiefs' Efforts to Protest Treaty of Buffalo Creek of 1838, March 14, 1841 189
37 Coacooche (Seminole), Surrender of a Seminole Band, July 4, 1841 190
38 Tonawanda Chiefs' Advertisement Asking the Non-Indians of Western New York Not to Purchase Reservation Lands from the Ogden Land Company, Spirit of the Times, June 19, 1844 191
Chapter 5 Responses to Removal, 1854-1879 195
39 Chief Seattle's Treaty Oration, 1854 198
40 Commissioner of Indian Affairs Ely Parker (Seneca), Letter of General Ulysses Grant, January 24, 1864 201
41 Captain Soules's Letter to Major Ned Wynkoop, December 14, 1864 205
42 Lieutenant Joseph Cramer, Letter to Major Wynkoop, December 19, 1864 207
43 Palaneapope (Yankton Sioux), How the Indians Are Victimized by Government Agents and Soldiers, August 1865 208
44 Little Hill (Winnebago), The Condition of the Winnebago Indians of Nebraska, October 3, 1865 210
45 Blackfoot (Crow), Testimony about the White Man's Promises and Intentions, August 11, 1873 211
46 Chief Joseph or Hinmahtooyahlatkekt (Nez Perce), The Fate of the Nez Perces Tribe, April 1879 215
47 Hairy Bear (Ponca), The Killing of Big Snake, a Ponca Chief, October 31, 1879 228
Chapter 6 Who Owns the Land? 1891-1932 231
48 Sitting Bull (Hunkpapa Sioux), Keeping Treaties, Life of Sitting Bull, 1891 234
49 D.W.C. Duncan (Cherokee), How Allotment Impoverishes the Indians: Testimony before a Senate Committee, November 1906 235
50 Gerommo (Apache), A Prisoner of War, His Own Story, 1906 236
51 Cherokee Freedmen, We Can Establish Our Rights, 1913 247
52 WPA Interview of Kate Rackleff, Daughter of Cherokee Trail of Tears Survivor Rebecca Neugin (Cherokee), Recollections of Removal, 1937 249
Bibliography 255
Index 259