Table of Contents
List of Contributors vi
Preface xi
Foreword xvi
Section I Foundations 1
1 Historical Perspectives Anita Everett 1
2 Determinants of Disparities Altha J. Stewart 10
Section II Disparities Among Ethnic Groups 19
3 African Americans Annelle B. Primm William B. Lawson 19
4 Hispanic Americans Renato D. Alarcón Pedro Ruiz 30
5 Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Francis G. Lu 40
6 American Indians and Alaska Natives Jay H. Shore Spero M. Manson 52
Section III Disparities Among Gender and Sexual Minorities 63
7 Women Caroline E. Fisher Roslyn Seligman 63
8 Gay Men Jack Drescher 75
9 Lesbians Nimisha Gokaldas Khakasa Wapenyi 86
10 Bisexuals Serena Yuan Volpp 94
11 Transgender Persons Richard R. Pleak 107
Section IV Disparities Among Age Groups 117
12 Children and Adolescents Andres J. Pumariega 117
13 Adulthood Ann Marie Sullivan Charles T. Barron 127
14 Older Adults Maria D. Llorente Vernon I. Nathaniel Shunda McGahee 139
Section V Disparities Among Special Populations 149
15 Migrant and Refugee Populations Joseph J. Westermeyer Michael Hollifeld José Cañive 149
16 Rural Populations Suzanne Vogel-Scibilia 160
17 Addicted Populations Beny J. Primm Warren W. Hewitt Annelle B. Primm Marisela B. Gomez 171
18 Incarcerated Populations Henry C. Weinstein 181
19 Chronic Mentally III Populations Jacqueline Maus Feldman 189
20 Disabled Populations Alex Kopelowicz Steven R. Lopez William A. Vega 198
21 Mentally III Populations Suzanne Vogel-Scibilia 210
Section VI Addressing Disparities 225
22 The Culturally Sensitive Evaluation Ora Nakash Daniel Rosen Margarita Alegría 225
23 The Role of Cultural Competence Russell F. Lim 236
24 The Role of Emergency Care Benedicto Borja Steven S. Sharfstein 248
25 The Role of Providers Rodrigo A. Muñoz Harold Eist 257
26 The Role of Quality Care John M. Oldham John S. Mclntyre 267
27 The Role of Nonmedical Human Services and Alternative Medicine William Sribney Katherine Elliott Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola Hendry Ton 274
28 The Role of Education Evaristo Akerele Niru Nahar Ada Ikeako 290
29 The Role of Continuing Medical Education Carlyle H. Chan Joseph B. Layde 299
30 Ethnic and Racial Group-Specific Considerations Margarita Alegría Meghan Woo David Takeuchi James Jackson 306
31 The Role of Parity Robert C. Bransfield Douglas R. Bransfield 319
32 Global Perspectives Mario Maj David Baron 329
33 The Need for Universal Access to Care Pedro Ruiz Annelle B. Primm 343
Index 351
